Plumbing Design and Estimate

7/25/2019 Plumbing Design and Estimate

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Chapter 1 Plumbing

Plumbarius individual who worked I the sanitary feld o Ancient Rome

Plumbum means lead

DWV Drainage !aste "ent #low$o%& detritus controlled outlet used to discharged water'

(ommon vent dual vent

Diameter Diameter o a )i)e&tube reers to the internal diameter *ID+ o such )i)e

e,ce)t brassand copper tube.

-i,ture .nit -low Rate total discharge /ow in gallons&min o a sam)le f,ture divided

by 7.5 gallons.

0ateral *1+ In )lumbing secondary )i)e' *2+ In sewage it receives sewage only

rom building sewer'

Return #end $ 180 bend in )i)e

3tack vent !aste&3oil "ent

Chapter 2 Plumbing Materials

(ast Iron )i)e *(I+ *1+ 1.5m long'ranging rom 45$145mm6' *2+ less than 25storey.*7+ errous o,ide called rust *8+ 9y)es o (I: SV Type *general+ and V Type*e,tra duty&underground+'

Asbestos Pi)e 9wice *2,+ as that o the standard cast iron )i)e'

#ituminous -iber 3ewer Pi)e *1+ (hea)est *2+light in weight *7+ slightly /e,ible

"itrifed (lay Pi)e length o 0.72m! heated in a large kiln under a tem) o 1"70#.

0ead Pi)e )oisonous and in;urious

weighs about 1(8as much assteel p&pe.

@ethyl$>thyl$etone acetone

Plastic derived rom coal and )etroleum )roducts'

#ellulo&d 1stPlastic material introduced ollowed by a%el&te /105and now 3.

Chapter 3 Measuring, Cutting and Joining Pipes

-or Cast Iron Pipe 3ingle hub used more than 1.5m long double hub i shorter'Bubless )i)e with neoprene rubber slee4es' In ;oining hubless oakum ollowed bymolten lead 2025mmlalag)as lang ng "mm'

-or Galvanized Steel Pipe cutting is done by using 14-teeth per inch hacksaw

blade' Ci))les ranging rom 212 &nc6es long. ne /1 rollo 9e/on 9a)e is 1 meter long

-or copper pipe, cutting is done by using 24-teeth per inch*heavy )i)es+ and 32-

teeth per inch*thinner+' C>">R allow the /u,ed ;oint to stand or more t6an "6ours beore solder&ng.

,9-:;< D3S:


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-orplastic pipe,*1+;oining by 30">C9 !>0DIC3 - P.#0I( 3>!>R 0IC>:1' (ombination Public 3ewer conveys both storm water and sanitary waste *obsolete+2' 3anitary 3ewer sanitary waste only'

2'1 Interce)ting& 9runk 0ine 3ewer concrete )i)e 0.$"m in diameter. @in de)th G"m

2'2 9ributary 3ewer vitrifed clay&concrete laid in o)en trench'C9 more than "mbelo' street grade.

7' 3torm Drain

@anhole Interval distance G 75150m! @anhole diameter G 0.1.2m

3ewage >;ector when )ublic sewer line was installed at a de)th o 2>mbelow thestreet level'

3>P9I( 9AC sludge *sa baba+ scum *lumulutang+' @IC inside dimension G #$%wide, 1$& long, 1$2 depth$

tabili'ation )rocess o decom)osition'

Putre(action decom)osition caused by anaerobic bacteria

eptic A sewage that turns dark and smell un)leasantly due to anaerobic

decom)osition'

0ocation o 3e)tic 9ank: 2m rom the outside wall 15m away rom any source owater su))ly'

Chapter & )he *aste Pipe

3)ecial !aste $ !hen a waste )i)e is C9 directly connected to a soil stack&house

drain'

Premature !aste 0ine Deects tilted or crooked ;oint connection' (leanout eEual to the diameter o waste )i)e'

Scour&ng means to /ush or wash out to remove dirt or grease by /owing through'

-lowing water at drainage )i)e must be ? t6e p&pe d&ameter.

@&Ature 9n&t amount o water each f,ture discharges in 1min interval'

!A39> PIP> Direct and Indirect waste'

3 o urinals'

1 m"B 2$>


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Chapter + )he oil Pipe

3tack vent e,tended above the roo C9 less than 0."m long and C9 less than75mm /"C d&ameter.

!hen the roo is to be used other than )rotection rom the elements o the weather

"ent stack should be e,tended C9 less than 2m above roo' (leanout $ eEual to the diameter o the soil branch' 0ocated at the arthest end o

the branch away rom the vertical soil )i)e'

Chapter )he ouse !rain

Bouse Drain receives discharges o all soil and wastes stacks' #ollect&ng ,&ne o alumb&ng System. #eing BRIHC9A0 PIP>0IC>'

(0A33I-I(A9IC - B.3> DRAIC:1' (ombined Drain sanitary waste and storm water' *obsolete+2' 3anitary Drain sanitary and domestic waste only7' 3torm Drain

8' Industrial Drain

Any branch o the house drain terminating at a /oor drain or f,ture shall be )rovided

with 100mm )i)e e,tended at least 2&nc6es above the /oor'

9he tra) o the /oor drain C9 more than 0.5m below fnished /oor line'

(leanout installed every 20m interval distance'

Bouse 9ra) installed in the house drain immediately inside the foundation wall of

the building.

Area Drain @ICI@.@ 3IH> 100mm or >C p&pe

I the f,ture is less than 1.5m rom the drain it should be 9APP>D but C9necessarily ">C9>D'

@ICI@.@ si=e or /oor drain 75mm or "C ptrap! installed C9 more than 0.2m

below the /oor line' #ellar #asement -loor Drain


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Chapter 1# )raps (or Plumbing /i0tures

185$ frst )atented tra) was innovated in the .nited 3tates'

P$9ra) was called Gooseneck 9ra) 3eal G !ater 3eal

!A9>R 3>A0>D P$9RAP:1' (ommon 3eal 5cm dee)2' Dee) 3eal P$9ra) 7.5 10cm

Permissible and b;ectionable 9ra)

P$9ra) shall be installed within 0.$0m o the f,ture it served'

0ong Run Bori=ontal Pi)e & Running 9ra) could be used only near the drain o the

/oor area or yard' C9 )rovided with a hand$hole cleanout'

>very tra) shall be sel$cleaning and must be )rovided with a cleanout'

C f,ture shall be double tra))ed'

Classication of !i"tures to be installed#1' (lass 1 *Private .se+ residential houses a)artment and )rivate bathroom o hotels etc'2' (lass 2 *3emi$Public .se+ oJce buildings actories dormitories and the like7' (lass 7 *Public .se+ schools gymnasium hotel railroad and bus terminals )ubliccomort rooms'

Chapter 11 Plumbing entilation

Co$pressibilit% & ne o the )ro)erties o gas' !hen com)ressed )ressure greater

than one atmos)heric is develo)ed'

9RAP 3>A0 033:1' 3i)honage m&nus pressure.9he tra) o a common seal is o)en and e,)osed to theatmos)here both the inlet and the outlet orifces will be under balance atmos)heric)ressure'*1+ Direct&3el$3i)honing created when a ra)id /ow o water )assing through the )i)esi)hon down the water seal inside the tra)s with C ">C9 PR"I3IC'*2+ Indirect& @omentum 3i)honing created by heavy discharge o water rom a f,tureinstalled on a line serving another f,ture at a lower /oor' *Pababa+2' #ack Pressure plus pressure. !hen large amount o water /ow dro)s downwardra)idly orming a slug like the air inside the )i)e will be com)ressed downward'7' >va)oration8' !ind >%ect4' (a)illary Action draining o water

9FP>3 - ">C9I0A9IC:

1' @ain 3oil and !aste Pi)e e,tended through roo2' @ain "ent& (ollecting "ent 0ine "ent stack connecting all vent7' Individual "ent& #ack "ent usual ventilation in a f,ture connecting to the main vent'8' .nit "ent vent between two*2+ identical f,tures4' (ircuit& 0oo) "ent two or more f,tures connected in a soil or waste branchK' Relie "ent vent or battery o f,tures' 9okey$)ass "ent i 2"Eoors &nter4alL' 0oo)ed "ent f,tures that are away rom the main vent' !et "ent


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C vent shall be less than "8mm /1?C Fe,ce)t or a "2mm /1GC F waste)i)e'

"ent )ractically rise vertically or at >5 u) to the )oint o0.15m above the f,ture'

Chapter 12 )he oent "stem

9wo 0ine Drainage 3ystem G D!"

3ovent 3ystem com)letely eliminates the vent stack and other orms o ventilation'

-irst introduce by @r&t) Sommer in 1$2

=erator s)atters&scatters the eMuent in dro)s or small blobs wherein they aremi,ed with the air' (annot )roduce either )lus&minus )ressure o more than 25mmwater gauge' A water seal 50mm high is sae against si)honing or back /ow'

9he original material used or 3ovent is copper.

Chapter 13 Cold *ater uppl" in uilding

!ater *li'uid for$+ 8" t&mes heavier than air

!ater *vapor for$+ 1"" t&mes lighter than air

!ells that are su))lying water or )ublic use @ICI@.@ distance o 100m radiusrom residential areas'

9here should be C (C(R>9> 3anitary sewers e,isting w&in 15m radius o the well'

C outdoor )rivy cess)ools se)tic tank or drain feld shall be located w&in >5mradius o the well'

A com)lete chemical analysis or each ty)e o water sold shall be made at least

t'&ce a year.

!hen C>! mains are installed or old mains re)aired they should be flled with

strong chlorine solution o >0 to $0mg per l&ter or at least 2>6rs.

!ater main "m hori=ontally rom sanitary sewer when they are )arallel'

P.#0I( !A9>R DI39RI#.9IC:

1' Direct Pressure Distribution centriugal&)iston )um)2' Indirect Pressure Distribution turbine )um)

House Ser4&ce )i)e connection rom the )ublic water main&any water su))ly tothe building served'

ranc6es hori=ontal )i)es that serve the aucets&f,tures'

(0D !A9>R DI39RI#.9IC:1' #y normal water )ressure2' verhead eed system7' Air Pressure Distribution 3ystem 10 storeys when air is com)ressed into a closedcom)artment under atmos)heric )ressure to the e,tent o its olume content the)ressure will increase u) to 1&lbs5in2 ca)able o elevating water u) to 10.5m high' 9he

ideal )ressure range is rom 20>0ps&.

Direct .)$eed )um)ing system innovation o air )ressure water distribution&

triple0 pump$ C0F C> )um) o)erates at a time'

6ormal Pressure reers to the )ressure range measured over a )eriod o 2>6rs.-or residential normal )ressure ranges rom "0>0ps&. n the other hand water)ressure greater than 50ps& may cause )i)e hammering&bursting o )i)e ;oint'

Pressure 7educing ale kee) the )ressure constant at >0ps&(reset to any)ressure desired'


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@ANI@.@ D>@ACD ma, water distribution o f,tures in terms o -.' ne unit is

valued at . gallons o( water discharge per min interal$

Public !ater Distribution has an averaged water )ressure o 50ps&.

Chapter 14 ot *ater uppl" in uilding

Bot water installation: co))er tube stainless steel )i)e P"D( )lastic )i)e'

B9 !A9>R DI39RI#.9IC:1' .)$eed and R 9AC: *1+ Range #oiler small *2+ 3torage #oiler large

Range #oiler generally made o co))er or stainless steel sheet DB0."0.$mO notmore than ,B1.8m

3torage #oiler made o heavy$duty stainless DB0.$1."m O not more than,B5m

A 12mm *+ thick fberglass eJcient insulating cover'

Bot and (old water running in )arallel minimum distance o 0.15m'

9FP>3 - !A9>R B>A9IC< 3F39>@:1' Bot water s)ace heating system 0! tem)erature'2' Bot water su))ly system BIR tem)erature'

Chapter 1+ /ire Protection in uilding

@AR(B -ire Prevention @onth'

>levated water tank su))ly constant )ressure

.nderground water reservoir covered with earth rom 0.$ to 0.m

Bydro)neumatic )um) used to store a&r under pressure

3)rinkler heads o)en automatically at tem)eratures o 1"5@ 1$0@ 9y)ical s)acing o s)rinkler heads: *1+ ".80m hori=ontal' *2+ "m vertical'

Co==les are set about 2.>0 ".$0m a)art on the su))ly )i)es and s)aced about " >m a)art at right angle e,)osed beams or )anels'

>nough water to o)erate at least 25* or "0m&ns.

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