PHILIPPINE LAW JOURl~AL Published by the College of Law, University of the Philippines

Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines

VOL. 54 DECEMBER, 1979

EDITORIAL STAFF

HA YDEE B. YORAC Faculty Editor

EDUARDO A. LABlTAG Busillses Manager

MYRNA S. FELICIANO Assistant FaCIlity Editor

FOURTH QUARTER

STUDENT EDITORIAL BOARD

RENATO T. PAGUIO Chairman

ARNO V. SANIDAD Vice-Chairman

MARILYN A. VICTORIO Managing Editor

MEMBERS

JOSE PERPETUO M. LOTlLLA CARLOS G. BANIQUED ROMULO A. ESPALDON, JR.

WALTER T. YOUNG MA. GRACIA M. PULJOO MA. LOURDES A. SALES

FLORINDA L. MORALES Administrative Assistant

The Editorial Staff and the College of Law publish contribution,; of interest and value to law students and the legal profession, but the views of the contributors to the I'HtLlPPINE LAW JOURNAL do not necessarily reflect those of the College of Law and the J ourna!.

Communications of either an editorial or business na ture should be addressed 10 the PHILIPPINE LAW JOURNAL, Malcolm Hall, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.

It will be assumed that a renewal of subscription is desired, unless a notice of discontinuance is received by the 10urnal on or before the expiration date.

CONTENTS

VOL. LIV DECEMBER, 1979 FOURTH QUARTER

REMEDIAL LAW AND SUBSTANTIVE LAW: THE NATURE AND IMPLICATIONS OF THEIR INTERACTION .... ..... ..... 411

Ramon C. Fernandez

DEVELOPMENT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE 200-MILE EX-CLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE ...... . .... ..... ....... ... .... ..... . ...... .. .. .... 440

Jorge R. Coquia

THE LAW GOVERNING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHERS AND STUDENTS .............. ..... ...... ........ ... ...... ... ..... 449

Cagliostro M. Martinez Maria Lourdes A. Sales

THE STATE OF POLITICAL DETAINEES: PHILIPPINE SET-TING .. .. .... ... .... .. .. .. ..... .... .... ... .. ..... ..... ...... .. ... ... .... .. ... ... .... .... ........ . 497

Jesus P. Casita Edwin R . Catacutan

Godofredo C. de Guzman Mario E . Hisuler

Rufus B. Rodriguez

THE PHILIPPINE LAW JOURNAL Publi shed quarterl y during the academi c year at the University of t he Philip-pines. Editorial and Business Offices: College of Law, Malcolm Hall , Univer-sity of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. Re-entej'ed as Second-Class Ma il at the U.P. Post Offi ce, Diliman, Quezon Ci ty on Septemb er 1, 1978.

NOTICE

To our Valued Subscribers: In view of the substantial increase in printing costs, we are con-

strained to' increase our subscription rates, starting with Volume 53(1978) as follows:

Local S ubscription Rate : One (1 ) year . ... . . . . P40.00 Single copy .. .. .. .. . . . PI0.00

F 01'eign Subscrip tion R ate: One (1) year ... . . . US$20.00 Single copy ... . . . . . US$ 5.00

U.P. LAW ,CENTER PUBLICATIONS Administration of Justice by the Military - 1974 ..... .... .. .... .. .. ................ ... ..... .. . 1976 Amendments and the New Constitution ..................................................... . Aspects of Commercial Law-1971 ...... : ............................................ ............... .. Aspects of Philippine Labor Relations Law - 1973 ..................... ..................... .. Aspects of Philippine Labor Relations Law - 1972 .... .. .................................... .. Bar Review Guide in Political Law ...................... .. .............. .. ................ .. .......... .. Casebook on Taxation - 1979 ................ .. ...................... .. ............ .. ........ .... .......... .. Central Planning and the Expansion of Public Enterprise - Vol. II ...... ... ........ . The Chair & Floor Proceedings ...... .. ............ .. .................. .. .............. .... ...... ...... .... .. The Changing National Elite and a New Filipinism ............................................ . The Constitution and Human Rights - 1978 ...................................................... .. The ~on~titutional. ~oundati?n of Privacy .................. ........................................ .. ConstitutIOnal ReVISIOn Project .. ...... ................. .. ....... .......................................... .. Court of Appeals Internal Operating Procedures .......... .. .. .. ................................. . 1977 Court of Appeals Syllabi of Decisions ................................ ...................... .. 1976 Court of Appeals Syllabi of Decisions ....................... ............ .................... . 1975 Court of Appeals Syllabi of Decisions ............ .. ................ .. .......... .... ........ .. Custom Law in Pre-Conquest Philippines ........... .. .......................................... .... .. Dimensions of Law Practice (Orientation Seminar for New Lawyers-1974-75) The Dynamics of Labor Relations Law - 1978 ........ .. ........................................ .. The Father of the First Brown Race Civil Code .................................... ............... . Ferdinand E . Marcos on Human Rights in the Philippines ............................. .. . Governance of State Universities and Colleges .... .... .......... .. .............................. . Human Rights in the Philippines: An Unassembled Symposia ...................... . .. International Aspects of Taxation - 1975 .......... .... ................................ .. .......... .. An Introduction to the New Insurance Code - 1975 .. .. ................................... . Investment Incentive Laws of ASEAN Countries .............. .. .......... .. ....... .. ......... .. Labor Decisions of the Office of the President .................................................. .. Labor Law in Southeast Asia ............................................................................. . .. Labor Relations Law - 1976 ................................................................................. . Laws Affecting Government Owned or Controlled Corporations - 1975 ....... . Law on Intellectual-1975 ..................................................... ............................. .. Law and Population - 1975 ........ .. ............................................................. .. ......... .. Laws Relevant to Tourism Industry .... .. .... ............ .. ...... .. ............................. .... ..... .. Law and Small Scale Industries - 1975 ...... ................. .. .... .... .. .. .............. .. .......... . Legal Aspects of the Insurance Industry - 1977 ............................................... . Legal Trends for Government Prosecutors - 1975 .. ........................... .............. . Parliamentary Governrnent - Vol. I .................................................................. .. Perspectives on the New Constitution - 1973 .................. .. ............................... . Philconsa Reader on Constitutional and Policy Issues ...................................... .. Philippine Manual of Legal Citations (2nd Ed.) .............................................. .. Philippine Permanent & General Statutes (Revised Edition) (per set) .......... .. Philippine Permanent and General Statutes - Supplement ............................ . .. Philippine Permanent and General Statutes - Vol. IV ...................................... . Philippine Perspective on Legal Education ......................................................... .. Philippine Treaty Series - Vols. I-IV (per set) ........................................ .. ........ .. Philippine Yearbook on International Law - Vol. IV-Vol. VI .... ................. . Philippine Yearbook on Legal Education - Vol. I .. .. ...................................... .. Political Offences in International Law .............................................. ................ .. Problem Areas Under the Labor Code - 1977 ..... .. .......... .. .... .... .. ...... .. ........... .. Recent Developments in Law & Jurisprudence - 1975-1977 .......................... .. Recent Developments in Law & Jurisprudence - 1971-1974 ........................... . Recent Development in Property & Obligations & Contracts (Civil Law

Revisited II) .................. ...... ...... .......... ................... ........................ .................. . Recent Development on Tax Law - 1977 ....................... .... .. ............ ................. .. Recent Development on Tax Law - 1976 ........................................................... .

P25 .00 15.00 15.00 17.00 18.00

5.00 5.00

13 .00 5.00 3.00

13.00 10.00 40.00

8.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 17.00 5.00

18.00 2500 35.00 15.00 35.00 12.00 23.00 32.00 5.00 5.00

15.00 10.50 25.00 25.00 20.00 10.00 12.00 17.00 28.00 20.00 65.00 10.00

750.00 40.00 60.00 10.00

195.00 25.00 10.00 25.00 18.00 13.50 13.50

17.00 17.00 17.00

Second Government Prosecutors Seminar-1974 ... ..... ..... .... ....... ...... .. .......... .... . . Seminar on State Planning .. ........ .... ........ .. .. ...... ........ ...... .... .. .... .... ........ .... .. .. .. .... .. .. . Seminar on Trial Techniques -1978 .... .. .. .. ................ ....... .... ........ .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. Spanish Antecedents of Philippine Civil Code .... .... ...... : ............... ....... .. ........ .. .... . 1978 Supreme Court Decisions: Subject Index & Digests (3rd Quarter) ....... . 1977 Supreme Court Decisions: Subject Index & Digests .... .. .. ...... .. .. ............... . 1976 Supreme Court Decisions: Subject Index & Digests .......... ... .. ........ .. .. .. .... . 1975 Supreme Court Decisions : Subject Index & Digests .. .... ..... .. ... ... ....... ...... .. The Supreme Court Under the New Constitution - 1976 .. ...... .... ..... .. ... ..... ... .. .. 1977 Survey & Analysis of Supreme Court Decisions & Presidential Decrees .. .. 1976 Survey & Analysis of Supreme Court Decisions ......... .. .. ... .............. .. .. .. ... . Survey of Philippine Law & Jurisprudence .......................... ........ ... .. ... ... .. ..... .. .. ... . Survey of Philippine Law & Jurisprudence 1973/ 1972 .. .... .... ...... .................. ... .. . Subject Guide to Presidential Decrees & Other Presidential Issuances - 1976

(1st Supplement) .. ...... .......... .. .. .. ..... ..... .... .. .... .......... ..... .. ... .. ... ..... ....... ........ .. .. . Subject Guide to Presidential Decrees - 1975 .. .. ......... .. ....... ........ ... ....... .. ......... . .. Subject Guide to Presidential Decrees - 1973 .................... ... .. .. ..... .. .. ....... ... ..... .. . Traditional vs. Modern Legal System .......... ..... .. ... ..... .. ... ....... ..... .. ....... .. .... ...... ... .. Treatise on Philippine Partnership Law ....... ..... ...................... .. ....... ......... ..... .. ... ... . Trends in Remedial Law - 1978 (Revisited II) .. .. .... .. ........... ..... ... ..... .... .... .. .. .. .. Trial Problems in City & Municipal Courts - 1973 .. ..... .. ....... .... .. .. ... .......... .. ... .. Voluntary Arbitration in the Philippines ......... .. ....... .... .. ... ...... ...... ..... .. ........ .. .. .. . .. Woman and Law ......... ....... ........ .. ..... ........ .. .. ..... ...... ............. .. ...... ........ .. .. ............... .. Women's Status in Philippine Society .. .. .. .. .. ....... .... .. .. .............. ........ ... ........ .. ... ..... ..

23.00 18.00 15.00 12.00 7.50

30.00 20.00 20.00 15.00

20.00 20.00 20.00 30.00

10.00 20.00

5.00 15.00 30.00 20.00 25.00 25.00 15.00 3.00

Place your order with the Director, U.P. Law Center, Diliman, Quezon City, enclosing your check or postal money order, payable to the U.P. Law Center.

If payment is by checks, please use checks drawn on Manila, Quezon City or Rizal banks. We do not accept COD.

COLLEGE OF LAW UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

FACULTY JOSE A ESPIRITU, LL.B., Dean Emeritus of the College and Professor

Emeritus of Mercantile Law FROILAN M. BACUNGAN, AB., LL.B., LL.M., Dean and Professor of Law

PROFESSORS OF LAW VICENTE ABAD SANTOS, A.B., LL.B., ARACELI BAVIERA, LL.B.

LL.M., Emeritus PERFECTO V. FERNANDEZ, AB., IRENE R. CORTES, LL.B., LL.M., LL.B.

S.J.D., LL.D. FLERIDA RUTH P. ROMERO, AB., BJENVENlDO C. AMBION, LL.B., LL.B., LL.M.

LL.M. BARTOLOME S. CARALE, AB., MARIA CLARA L. CAMPOS, LL.B., LL.B., LL.M. *

LL.M. JOSE F. ESPINOSA, LL.B. ARTURO E. BALBASTRO, A.B.,

LL.B., LL.M.* ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS OF LAW

RUBEN F. BALANE, AB., LL.B. SALVADOR T. CARLOTA, B.S.F.S., CARMELO V. SISON, LL.B. LL.B., LL.M. ALFREDO F. TADIAR, A.B., LL.B., MERLIN M. MAGALLONA, A.A,

LL.M. LL.B. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LAW

EDUARDO A. LABITAG, AB., LL.B. LECTURERS AND PROFESSORIAL LECTURERS

PACIFICO A. AGABIN, B.S.J., LL.B., LL.M., J.S.D.

SAMILO N. BARLONGAY, AA., LL.B., M.A. ' J

ANTONIO R. BAUTISTA, AA., B.S.J., LL.B., LL.M., J.D.

ESTEBAN B. BAUTISTA, AB., LL.B. SOLEDAD CAGAMPANG-DE CASTRO,

AB., LL.B., LL.M. JOSE C. CAMPOS, JR., LL.B., LL.M. DAKILA F. CASTRO, LL.B., LL.M. JORGE R. COQUIA, AB., LL.B.,

LL.M., S.J.D. SERAFIN R. CUEVAS, LL.B. BIENVENlDO C. EJERCITO, B.S.C.,

LL.B., LL.M. AUGUSTO CAESAR ESPIRITU, A.B.,

LL.B., LL.M., M.P.A, Ph.D. MYRNA S. FELICIANO, B.S.L.S., M.L.,

LL.B. BARTOLOME C. FERNANDEZ, JR.,

LL.B. RAMON C. FERNANDEZ, LL.B. ENRIQUE M. FERNANDO, LL.B., LL.M. BENJAMIN B. FESTlN, LL.B., B.S.C. MAGNO S. GATMAITAN, LL.B., D.C.L. FORTUNATO 1. GUP!T, JR., A.B.,

LL.B., LL.M. JOSE C. LAURETA, AB., LL.B., LL.M.

* Part-time

ANGEL G. MAPA, LL.B. ESTELlTO P. MENDOZA, LL.B.,

LL.M. VICENTE V. MENDOZA, LL.B.,

LL.M. SABINO PADILLA, JR., AB., LL.B.,

LL.M. CRISOLlTO PASCUAL, LL.B., LL.M. RICARDO L. PRONOVE, JR., LL.B. TROADIO T. QUIAZON, JR., LL.B. LEONARDO A. QUISUMBING, A.B.,

LL.B., LL.M. PURIFICACIONV. QUISUMBING,A.A.,

B.A, M.A, LL.B., M.Ph., Ph.D. CRISPINO P. REYES, LL.B., LL.M. DEOGRACIAS T. REYES, A.B.,

LL.B., LL.M. MIRIAM DEFENSOR-SANTIAGO, A.B.,

LL.B., LL.M., S.J.D. VICENTE M. SANTIAGO, JR., A.A.,

LL.B., LL.M. GONZALO T. SANTOS JR., AA.,

AB., LL.B., LL.M., C.d'A, M.A M.N.S.A, Ph.D.

PEDRO SOLIS, M.D., LL.B. TEODORICO C. TAGUINOD, AB.,

LL.B., LL.M. HAYDEE B. YORAC, LL.B. TECLA SAN ANDRES-ZIGA, A.A.,

LL.B.