PLENO 4th SCENARIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Group 6Alvishena Martin

Andy KurniaFendro Zibetra

Lisa GiovanyMuthmainnahMutia Umara

Nisa MahdiataraNovita Sari

Sri Endah RiestinaTania Yuza Putri

Vicenia SerlyYenni Yostiana S

LEARNING ISSUE

1. All about respiration : Anatomy Physiology

2. What is asosiation of henry’s, dalton’s and boyle’s law in the respiration?3. O2 and CO2 Transport in blood4. The function of respiratory system5. Surfactant at the baby6. Negative air in the pleura7. the important things in the ventilation :

Inspiration Ekspiration

8. Capacity of lung : Inspiration Ekspiration

9. The definition of dead space

1. Respiratory System Anatomy

Structurally :• Upper Respiratory System – Nose, pharynx, and associated structures– Above vocal cords

• Lower Respiratory System – Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, and Lung– Below vocal cords

Trachea and Bronchial Tree

In physiology, the respiration includes two processes

• External respiration is the exchange of gases between the air spaces of the lugs and the blood in pulmonary capillaries. In this process, pulmonary capillary blood gains O2 and loses CO2.

• Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue cells. The blood loses O2 and gains CO2. Within cells, the metabolic reactions that consume O2 and give off CO2 during the production of ATP are termed cellular respiration

2. What association of henry’s, dalton’s and boyle’s law respiration

• Henry's lawA1 x A2 x P2 = P2

A = amount of gas that dissolves P = partial pressure of gas in the liquid surface.

• Law of Dalton Pt = P1 + P2 + .... Pn + Pt = total pressure of the gas mixture.

• Boyle's Law P.V = C P = pressure or pressure; C = constant or fixed; V = volume or content

3. 02 and CO2 Transport in blood

NOSE PHARYNX LARYNX BRONCHUS

AIR

BRONCHIOLUSALVEOLUSINSPIRATION

EXPIRATION

O2 and CO2 Diff usion in Alveolus

4. The Function of Respiratory System

• The function of the respiratory system is to get oxygen into the body and to get rid of carbon dioxide. Lungs are the most important organs in the respiratory system.

• They connect your body to the outside air. The circulatory system then carries the oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body.You have two lungs. One is in the right side of your chest,and one is the left side. Tour heart lies between them.

5. Surfactants IN INFANT

Surfactant is a complex material that covers the surface of lung alveoli. It contains a layer of phospholipids and generate heterogeneous liquid membrane phospholipids

6. Negative Air Pressure In The Intrapleura

Decreasing of this pressure is happened

because pleural cavity is filled by liquid. That can’t expand to fill the increasing volume.

7. The important things in the ventilation

Inhalation - Occurs when alveolar pressure falls below

atmospheric pressure. Exhalation- Occurs when alveolar pressure is higher than

atmospheric pressure.

8. Respiratory (lung) volum

1. Tidal Volume (TV = 500 ml)2. Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV for Men =

3000 ml, for women = 2000 ml)3. Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV for Men =

1200 ml, for women = 700 ml)4. Residual Volume (RV = 1200 ml)

Respiratory (lung) Capacities (2)

1. Inspiratory Capacity = TV + IRV2. Fungsional Reserve Capacity = ERV + RV3. Vital Capacity = TV + IRV + ERV4. Total lung capacity = RV + VC

9. Dead Space

• Dead space is the portion of each tidal volume that does not take part in gas exchange.

• Dead space is divided by 2 :1. Anatomic2. Fisiologic

• ANATOMIC DEAD SPACEThe space that there is no gas exchange

anatomically. Volume of the conducting airways, approximately 150 ml. The space there are in respiratory duct like bronchus, trachea, etc.

• FISIOLOGIC DEAD SPACE The space that there is no gas exchange anatomically

plus the alveoly could not work because less difusion. In normal lungs, is equal to the anatomic dead space (150 ml). May be greater in lung disease. The space is alveolus.

Group 1

• How the pressure of intrapleura can be decrease from the atmosfer pressure like we know that intrapleura not related with atmosfer and the function of intrapleura liquid just for glue for thoraces and lung?

Group 2

• How could the dead space happen in the respiratory system?

Group 3

• In anatomy & physiology book by tortora grabowski said that “within limits ,as temperature increase,so does the amount of O2 released from hb,,the question “is O2 more available or less available to tissue cell when you have afever? Why?

Group 4

In book of anatomy Tortora Grabowski told that the relationship between PO2 with hb, is more the partial pressure of O2 makes more O2 saturate with hb, until 100% hb, saturate with O2.

The question “ how the relation of this theory with the toxity of O2 which caused by over high pressure of O2 in body?

If all of Hb saturated with O2, can disturb the transportation of CO2?therefore the affinity CO2 to Hb is higher than O2?give your explanation and give the theory that support that your answer.!!

Group 5

• Why a new diver who is not the same as with an expert diver? What is the difference between two people and explain the mechanism of adaptation the people who dive in a high pressure water (sea depth)?

Group 6

• What is the differences between adaptation of breathing mountaineer with a diver ?

Group 7

• Why did the singer preferr the abdominal breathing?

Group 8

If someone rises to the mountain more than 10,000 feet, he can get hypoxia, but there are some people not feel like that. What is different from the two men, how it could be happen?

How the people that live in high altitudes like that then go down to the beach, if an interruption in breathing well or not? ""how the process of adaptation of the respiratory system of the body when in dingn or heat the area?"

Group 9

• What is the relationship and differences between phrenic nerve and intercostal nerves in terms of inspiration and expiration

Group 10

• In comparison when you are sitting and exercising, is the affinity of hb for o2 lower or higher level? What is the benefit of that change?