Year 6 Home Learning Space and Aviation Monday 18th May to Friday 22nd May

Soaring Skies Federation

You must…

Use joined handwriting all the way through

Have a new paragraph for a change of time, place, topic or person speaking

Describe settings and characters in detail

Use capital letters to start all sentences and for names of people, places, days of the week and months of the year

Sentences end correctly with a full stop, exclamation mark or question

Make sure all sentences make sense when you read them aloud

LI: Write using the features of a recount. You are going to write a recount about the Wright Brothers’ first powered flight in 1903. You could write: (choose one)

A diary entry from one of the Wright Brothers from the day of the first flight

A newspaper report from the day of the first flight

The information from last week has been included on here to help you. Also have a look at these: https://www.theschoolrun.com/homework-help/history-of-flight https://www.newspapers.com/topics/famous-people/wright-brothers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDlk4Ky_ahs https://www.bbc.co.uk/teach/class-clips-video/pshe-ks1-ks2-proud-to-be-a-pilot/zdgtscw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RHIlZ8p8U8A https://www.poynter.org/reporting-

editing/2014/today-in-media-history-front-page-news-about-the-wright-brothers-1903-flight/ http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/wright.htm

Writing Task This is the only piece work you are being asked to do this week; therefore, we are looking for an extended piece of writing – at least a page and a half! You need to bring your Writing book back into school by 3.30pm on Friday 22nd May.

Please complete this work in your Writing Book.

You should…

Write sentences that use speech punctuation include inverted commas, commas, question marks, exclamation marks and full stops “ ,” ,” “

Include Detailed description of atmosphere.

Link your paragraphs, e.g. with synonyms, pronouns, adverbials or leading into your new paragraph

Use brackets or pairs of dashes ( ) - -

Use complex sentences with subordinating conjunctions: because, when, as, if, despite the fact, although

Use relative clause sentences: which, when, where, that, who, whose

Use modal verbs: should, could, would, may, might

Use passive voice: The portrait was painted by the artist.

Fronted adverbials of time, place, or manner, followed by a comma

Use expanded noun phrases

Check verbs for correct and consistent tense all the way through

Use contracted forms in speech: couldn’t, isn’t, shouldn’t, you’re, they’re

Key words aeroplane, aviation, aeroplane, engine, flight, glider, Kitty Hawk, Orville, propeller, rudder, Wilbur, Wright Brothers, Wright Flyer

Spelling words – can you include any of these words: according, apparent, competition, controversy, convenience,

correspond, criticize, curiosity, definite, determined, develop, disastrous, embarrass, environment, equipment, especially,

explanation, frequently, immediately, individual, marvellous, necessary, opportunity, persuade, relevant, sufficient, suggest

You could…

Use colons : and semicolons ;

Use hyphens : Seven-year-old child; Beautiful-looking

Include question tags in informal language: “You liked that, didn’t you?”

Use colloquialism and contractions when speaking: “Um, whatcha doin’?”

Use subjunctive tone in formal language: If I were to go swimming… It was necessary that…

Use formal language for story-telling and informal language for speech

Useful websites

https://www.thesaurus.com https://www.dictionary.com

The Wright Brothers Wilbur Wright (1867–1912) and Orville Wright (1871–1948) were American brothers famous for inventing the aeroplane. In 1903, these ‘fathers

of flight’ designed, built and flew the first engine-powered aircraft that was heavier than air. Their flying machine – The Flyer – would change the course of history. Find out more about these talented brothers and how they reached for the sky below.

Fun Facts The Flyer can now be seen at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC, USA. Part of the plane has also been to the moon!

During Neil Armstrong’s mission to the moon in 1969, he took a piece of The Flyer with him.

The Wright brothers tossed a coin to see who would be the first to pilot The Flyer. Wilbur won the toss, but his first flight failed, so Orville got the credit.

The brothers never married – they were too busy making planes!

Quotes from the Wright Brothers

“The airplane stays up because it doesn’t have the time to fall.” Orville Wright “Isn’t it astonishing that all these secrets have been preserved for so many years just so we could discover them!” Orville Wright “I confess that in 1901, I said to my brother Orville that man would not fly for 50 years.” Wilbur Wright

A Short Biography of the Wright Brothers The Wright brothers were born four years apart – Wilbur in 1867 in Millville, Indiana, USA, and Orville in 1871 in Dayton, Ohio. They

were two of seven children born to Milton Wright and Susan Koerner.

Milton Wright worked as a minister and encouraged his children to read and research the world around them. Wilbur and Orville enjoyed spending time outdoors and

also loved inventing things. When their father gave them a helicopter powered by a rubber band, he kindled their fascination with flight. They began making their own

kites and helicopters to fly at home.

Wilbur was a quiet, serious, intelligent child, while his brother Orville was more outgoing and ambitious. They made a good team and in later life achieved great things

together.

When they left school, the boys started their own newspaper. But when America was hit by a bicycling craze, and they opened a shop building and repairing bikes. They

had no formal engineering training, but soon became skilled mechanics and good businessmen.

In their twenties, the brothers became interested in flight and were particularly inspired by the work of George Cayley and Otto Lilienthal, who built and adapted the first

gliders. The brothers began making gliders in their bicycle shop and studied the flight of birds to try to copy nature in their wing designs.

Gliders were known to be dangerous (Lilienthal had been killed when his glider lost control in a gust of wind) so they worked hard at controlling their aircraft. They tested

their gliders at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, where there was a hill, strong steady winds, and soft sand for landing. They also built a wind tunnel to test different wing

shapes. They began to use wires to twist and move the wings slightly, so the aircraft could turn as well as fly straight.

After successfully flying a bi-plane (two-wing) glider, they set their sights on a powered ‘flying machine’. They knew that an engine would help them fly further and would

give the aircraft more control (instead of relying on the wind).

The brothers built The Flyer in 1903. It had a propeller and a small, powerful petrol engine. In December, Orville made the first flight at Kitty Hawk at the age of 32 –

travelling 120 feet (37 metres) over 12 seconds. Later that day, Wilbur travelled 852 feet (260 metres) over 59 seconds – but a gust of wind damaged The Flyer after its

fourth flight, and it never flew again.

The brothers spent the next few years improving their design and in 1905 Wilbur piloted Flyer III for 39 minutes, covering an incredible 24 miles (39 km)!

Wilbur and Orville became famous around the world and in 1909 were awarded the Congressional Medal for their flying invention (which became known as the

aeroplane). In the same year, they started The Wright Company, building aeroplanes at a factory in Dayton, Ohio.

In fear of their safety, Milton Wright asked his sons not to fly together – which they only did once in 1910 with their father’s permission. Orville was badly injured in an

aeroplane accident in 1908, and his passenger Thomas Selfridge was killed. A back injury would plague Orville for the rest of his life, but he lived to the age of 76 when he

died from a heart attack. Wilbur died at just 45 from typhoid fever.

In 1915, Orville retired and sold the company, three year’s after his brother’s death. He spent the next 30 years advising the aeronautical industry, including the

organisation that became NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Who would have known that the two brothers from Ohio with their toy helicopter

would change the world of transport forever!

The Wright Brothers

Early and Personal Life

• The Wright brothers were two of seven children born to Milton Wright of English and Dutch ancestry, and Susan Catherine Koerner of

German and Swiss ancestry. Wilbur was born near Millville, Indiana, in 1867; Orville in Dayton, Ohio, in 1871. The brothers never married.

• Both brothers attended high school but did not receive diplomas. The family’s abrupt move in 1884 from Richmond, Indiana, to Dayton, Ohio, where

the family had lived during the 1870s, prevented Wilbur from receiving his diploma after finishing four years of high school. The diploma was awarded

posthumously to Wilbur on April 16, 1994, which would have been his 127th birthday.

• In December 1892 the brothers opened a repair and sales shop as the Wright Cycle Exchange, later the Wright Cycle Company, and in 1896 began

manufacturing their own brand. They used this endeavour to fund their growing interest in flight. In the early to mid-1890s, they saw printed articles and

likely photographs of the dramatic glides by Otto Lilienthal in Germany.

Beginnings and Success in Aviation

• The brothers observed birds and how they angled their wings to balance and control the body when flying. They came up with the concept of “wing

warping”, which they applied as a movable rudder.

• On December 17, 1903, Orville piloted the first powered airplane 20 feet above in the beach of North Carolina. It lasted for 12 seconds and covered

120 feet.

• They wrote to the U.S. government, then to Britain, France and Germany with an offer to sell a flying machine, but were rejected because they insisted

on a signed contract before giving a demonstration. They were unwilling to even show their photographs of the airborne flyer.

• By July 1909, Orville demonstrated flights for the U.S. Army and sold the plane for $30,000. They designed a new model with a passenger seat as

demanded by the U.S. Army.

• Before returning to the United States, Orville made public flights in Europe and began selling their planes. They were famed by journalists, statesmen,

royals and celebrities in Europe.

• The Wright Company was incorporated on November 22, 1909. They sold their patents to the company for $100,000 and also received one-third of the

shares in a million dollar stock issue.

• The brothers became wealthy business owners and began building a mansion in Dayton, Ohio, where they spent much of their childhood.

• On May 25, 1910, Orville flew for six minutes with Wilbur as his passenger. It was their first and only flight together.

Later Life and Death

• Today, the Wright brothers are considered the fathers of modern aviation. They closed contracts for airplanes in Europe and the United States.

• Throughout their lives, the brothers always shared credit in their invention and innovations. Despite the division of labour, they maintained a close

relationship.

• In April 1912, Wilbur was diagnosed with typhoid fever and died on May 30. With the death of his brother, Orville took on the presidency of their

company and sold it in 1915.

• Orville spent three decades of his life serving in committees including the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and National Aeronautics

and Space Administration.

• On January 30, 1948, Orville died after his second heart attack. Both brothers are buried in the family plot at Woodland Cemetery, Dayton, Ohio.

Wright Flyer Facts

• In 1900, the Wright brothers first tested an unmanned glider and flew it like a kite. After a collaboration with Octave Chanute, builder of the Chanute-

Herring Double-Decker, Orville and Wilbur built a manned biplane glider that was larger to carry more weight.

• They chose the sand dunes at Kill Devil Hills for high winds and soft sands.

• Between October to December 1901, they conducted several aerial experiments to learn the effects of airflow over different wing shapes.

• After their findings using the wing tunnel, the Wright brothers built a new glider with a 32-foot wingspan. The new biplane-design glider was tested

and flew for 26 seconds at 622 feet. They replaced the tail with a movable rudder.

• Upon the success of the new glider, they decided to build a powered flying machine, which could fly over long distances. For six weeks, Charlie

Taylor built the four-cylinder aluminium engine based on the designs of Orville and Wilbur.

• The first powered biplane was called “The Flyer”, which included a propeller, weighed 200 pounds and produced about 12 horsepower.