Play. (1932) Play (1932) Play Play is… pleasurable something the child chooses to do.

(1932)

Play

(1932)

Play

Play is…

• pleasurable

• something the child chooses to do

Play…• Involves active participation

• Is open-ended

• Is in the control of the players

• Often involves ‘pretending’

(1932)

Play supports the development of:• Skills, by allowing repetition and practice

• problem-solving

• concept

• self-concept and self-esteem

• social skills

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PLAY WITH OBJECTS

• Sensorimotor Play with Objects

• Constructive Play using Objects

• Dramatic Play using Objects

• Imaginative Play Using Objects

• Games with Rules

Types of play

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SOCIAL PLAY

• Play with Adults

• Solitary Play

• Parallel Play

• Associative Play

• Co-operative Play

Types of play

(1932)

DRAMATIC PLAY

Stage 1: Imitative Role Play

Stage 2: Make Believe Play

Stage 3: Socio-dramatic Play

Types of play

• Mildred Parten identified 6 stages of play.

• These stages of play are cumulative. Children may go back to the early stages even when they are capable of the highest level.

Parten’s stages of play

• Unoccupied– Unengaged with other

children or activities– Non-play

• Onlooker – Watches others at play


• Solitary– Plays alone

• Parallel– Plays independently but

uses some shared materials or space


• Associative– Engages in same activity as

others but not with a common purpose

– Some interaction occurs such as comments, observation or imitation.


• Cooperative– engages in interactions

with others– children take role as

leaders and followers– There is give-and-take

and sharing of ideas and common goals


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Play and culture

Not all cultures regard play in the

same way.

• In many Asian cultures play and learning are not linked.

Play and culture

• In Reggio Emilia programs (Italy), play is an integral part of all children’s activities with an emphasis on social interaction.

• In many western cultures (Europe, America and Australia) child-initiated play is strongly linked to development and learning.

Play is fun!

Play. (1932) Play (1932) Play Play is… pleasurable something the child chooses to do.

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