Plateforme de Calcul pour les Sciences du Vivant

http://clrpcsv.in2p3.fr

Interdisciplinary activities

V. Breton

CNRS-IN2P3, LPC Clermont-Ferrand

RECFA open day, May 12 2006

Credits: A. Billebaud, M. Farizon, J-M Fontbonne, S. Incerti, P. Le Dû, S. Leray, E. Suraud

Introduction

• Our core activity is to understand the universe at small and at cosmological distances

• Competences acquired to support core projects can benefit other scientific domains– Accelerators– Detectors– Computing

• We are called upon to contribute our scientific competence to other fields of science and to solve certain problems raised by the society

• Development of interdisciplinary research on two main fronts– Interface with life sciences (on the steps of Marie Curie)– Processing of nuclear wastes

Interdisciplinary research at IN2P3

IN2P3

Life sciences - Medical imaging - Hadron therapeutic cancer treatment - DNA Sequencing - Study of Low doses

Chemistry - Radiochemistry - Detection of trace elements - Waste treatment

MIPPU (mathematics, computer science, physics and universe) - Theoretical physics - Materials for detectors - Solid state physics - Behavior of irradiated materials - Aggregates - Telecommunications - Grids

Social sciences - Dating - Risk Perception - History of sciences

Engineering - Microelectronics - Highly stable lasers - Waste treatment

Environment - Waste treatment - Oceanography - Low level radioactivity

Sciences of the universe - Astrophysics and cosmology - Oceanography - Waste treatment - Low-level radioactivity - Dating

Physics and chemistry for nuclear energy and environment

• Nuclear energy is probably going to regain momentum in the close future– Awareness of the impact of fossil energy on greenhouse effect– Growing need of emerging countries– Limited reserves and foreseeable exhaustion of fossil energy– Limited capacity of renewable energies

• In this perspective, convincing answers must be found to issues related to– Waste management– Security– Non-proliferation

• New types of reactors, new methods for characterizing nuclear material are under study

Research activities at IN2P3 and DAPNIA

• Radiochemistry: Physics and Chemistry of radioactive materials produced in the present and future nuclear energy sector, in the environment (waste storage sites) and in medecine– Resources: 5 IN2P3 laboratories, 45 permanent staff + 30 non

permanent staff

• Metrology: measurement and monitoring of radioactivity in the environment– Resources: 20 staff + 8 NP staff

• Study of physics and scenarios for future reactors– Resources: 15 staff + 8 NP staff

• Nuclear physics for future reactors and other applications– Resources: 27 staff + 16 NP staff

Organization of work and perspectives

• Organization of work– CNRS interdisciplinary program PACE (Nuclear Cycle Post

Processing program)– CNRS Research Groups : PRACTIS, NOMADE, GEDEPEON– European FP6 projects: ACTINET6, IP-EUROTRANS, …– Collaboration with CEA and industry (EDF, ANDRA,

FRAMATOME, COGEMA)

• Scientific prospects for the next 10 years: carry out upstream research in the electro-nuclear field– Acquisition of fundamental data (spallation, captures, fission)– Study hybrid systems for transmutation– Contribute to the study of innovating systems for the future

nuclear energy

Interaction of particles with matter

• Interdisciplinary research on accelerators and ion beams

• Main research areas– Collision processes– Understanding energy deposit by polyatomic projectiles such as

aggregates or molecules in solids– Simulation of particle interaction with materials– Experimental simulation of material aging under irradiation– Use of structural changes induced by ion and aggregate beams

• Resources: > 4 laboratories, ~ 34 staff in IN2P3 laboratories (20% of the french research community)

Organization of work and perspectives

• Organization of work– Natural collaboration with the scientific communities using accelerators

and ion beams– Lack of organization around the different levels of interaction between

particle and matter Community of 170 researchers spread in 24 laboratories

• Perspectives– Creation of a Research Group (GDR) “fundamental research on particle

– matter interaction”– Identified common topics of interest

Elementary collision processes Fragmentation paths, energy and excitation transfer mechanisms in

molecules and aggregates Relaxation paths for materials under irradiation Modeling of matter energy transfer and relaxation phases Impact of different levels of disorder on biological, physical and chemical

properties of materials

Life sciences

• Main research areas– Physical and chemical characterization of

living organisms– Radiobiology– Radiotherapy – Medical and biological imaging– Informatics for life sciences

• Resources– 10 laboratories (including CEA)– 70 staff members (50 researchers, 20

technical staff)• A significant scientific production

– 29 thesis, 65 papers, 14 patents• Partners

– Hospitals, universities, CEA (life science department), CNRS (life science, engineering departments), INSERM (national institute for medical research), FP6 European projects

Physical and chemical characterization of living organisms

• Tools: accelerators of light / polyatomic ions

• Techniques used: imaging, chemical analysis, local irradiation

• Resources: 4 laboratories, 13 staff + 11 NP staff

• 3 research areas– Characterization of interfaces

between biomaterials and living tissues

– Characterization of biomolecules for bacteriology and environment

– Chemical exploration of cells to study exposure to nanoparticles and metals

Radiobiology

• Radiobiology is about characterizing and quantifying irradiation effects on biological systems

• Tools: 4 accelerator facilities (neutron, proton and ion beams)

• Resources: 4 laboratories, ~ 8 staff and 5 NP staff• Research areas

– Intermolecular dynamics under irradiation– Search for molecules or nano-objects increasing or

inhibiting radio sensitivity– DNA lesions and genomic instabilities induced by

irradiation– Irradiation of Intracellular targets – intra and extra cellular messaging after irradiation

Direct and indirect impact of radiations on DNA

Radiotherapy

• Radiotherapy is about using ionizing particles to kill cancerous cells

• Resources: 4 laboratories, 8 staff and 10 NP staff

• Research areas– Treatment planning– Development of accelerators for

radiotherapy treatment– Quality control (beam dosimetry,

on-line monitoring)

Simulation of an electron accelerator using GATE

Medical and biological imaging

• Development of imaging systems based on technological expertise

• Resources: 10 laboratories, 35 staff + 20 NP staff

• Research areas cover imaging devices from molecule to man– In vitro imaging– In vivo imaging (PET, SPECT, MRI)– Multi-modal imaging– Per-operative imaging

• Highlight: creation of a laboratory dedicated to brain functional imaging– Location: Orsay– Joint IN2P3-CNRS Life Science

Department laboratory

Per-operative compact imager, IPN Orsay

Activities in medical imaging at IN2P3 and DAPNIA

I magerie

in vitro

Cellulaire

Coupe anatomique

Micro CT

Micro SPECT

Micro TEP

Autres instruments

Peropératoire

TEP hadron

TEP corps entier

I RM

Petit

Animal

Homme

Curatif

Homme

diagnostic

recherche

I magerie

in vitro

xTal LXe

LXeSIC

TOHR

POCI

AIF

Modélisation Reconstruction

Informatics for life sciences

• Resources: – 7 laboratories– 6 staff + 20 NP staff

• Research areas – Simulation for dosimetry

and imaging (GATE) – Simulation for

radiobiology (Geant4)– Grids for life sciences and

healthcare

Simulation Modeling

Data handlingand analysis

Fundamental research in nuclearand particle physics

Detectors

GEANT4GATE Grids

Innovating technologies

Nuclear MedecineRadiobiologyRadiotherapy

Life sciencesHealthcare

Medical andBiological imaging

Grid-enabled in silico drug discovery

• Goal: reduce time and cost to develop new drugs by selecting the best drug candidates– Particularly relevant to neglected and

emerging diseases• Strategy: deploy virtual screening on

grids– Screening = selection of molecules active

on a given protein target– Grid added value: access to huge

computing resources• Successful deployment on EGEE

against malaria and bird flu– Malaria: 46 millions docking probabilities

computed in 6 weeks in the summer 2005– Bird flu: 100 CPU years to find new drugs

against mutated neuraminidase N1• Role of IN2P3: coordination of the grid

deployments

Countries contributing to EGEE Biomedical Virtual Organization

Number of malaria related jobs waiting and running on EGEE vs time

Organization of work at the interface with life sciences

• Interface with life sciences has been loosely structured in the last millennium– Local collaboration with hospitals or university groups– Transfer of expertise for technical developments

• Life sciences are moving into “big science”– Molecular biology experimental platforms produce very large volumes

of data studied by international collaborations – Research equipments become national (NeuroSpin, Hadrontherapy

centre)– Europe has developed large scale projects (NoE, IP) in FP6

• Interface with life sciences is being structured– Appointment of “chargés de mission” at CEA-DAPNIA (P. Le Dû, P.

Mangeot) and a scientific deputy director in charge of interdisciplinary activities at IN2P3 (E. Suraud)

– Research Group (GDR) “Instrumentation and simulation for biomedical imaging” started in 2005

– Involvement in european projects (CELLION, MAESTRO, EGEE, Embrace, BioinfoGRID)

– Bilateral collaborations with Germany, Austria, Korea,Taïwan, …

Scientific prospects for the next 10 years

• Objective 1: contribute to the next generation of FEL and to the R&D on the cold technology of the e+e- linear collider (TESLA)

• Objective 2: Contribute to the design and building of proton- and hadron-therapy centres

• Objective 3: Develop innovating imaging techniques in biology and medecine

• Objective 4: Contribute to emergence in France of multidisciplinary platforms based on ion beams for the irradiation and the modification of materials coupled with electron microscopes techniques or imaging systems

From Quarks to cosmos, scientific prospects of the next 10 years for nuclear and high energy physics of the

IN2P3-CNRS and the DAPNIA-DSM-CEA, November 2005

Highlight within objective 2 : the ETOILE project

• Goal: build a national centre for light-ion hadrontherapy in France

• Location: Lyon, Rhone-Alpes region • Budget:

– 90M€ to build the centre– A routine flux of 1000 patients per year

will be reached after 3 years with an operation cost of 15 M Euro.

• Status: approved by the french government in May 2005

• Research areas involving IN2P3 laboratories: – design of an in-beam PET detector– simulation of the interaction of carbon

ions with tissues– radiobiological studies on the

radiosensitivity and tolerance of normal tissues and on the radioresistance of tumours

Online PET at GSI hadrontherapy facility

Nanobeam High resolution analysis

TomographyLocalized irradiation

Local induction of charges

MicrobeamExtracted beam

Radiobiology

CharpaCharacterization and analysisAutomatized lineAtmospheric dusts Physics line

Production of neutrons

Extracted beamAir analysis

Archeological samples

Highlight within objective 4: the AIFIRA platform

AIFIRALocation: Bordeaux

Budget: 2,8M€Energy stability E/E ~ 2.5 10-5Spatial resolution up to 100 nm

Funding

• Funding is almost strictly going to projects– Staff recruited for project duration

• Regions are very supportive of infrastructures– Accelerators (AIFIRA, Etoile)– Grid infrastructures (Auvergrid)

• Newly created National Research Agency (ANR) supports multidisciplinary research projects– Several projects led by IN2P3 laboratories already

supported– ANR will play a growing role as a funding agency for

interdisciplinary activities

• European projects – IN2P3 involved in several European projects– Important resource for grid related activities

Conclusion

• Interdisciplinary activities involve a significant fraction of IN2P3 staff– Growing involvement of researchers and engineers– Growing budget (National Research Agency, European projects)

• Main interfaces– Physics and chemistry for nuclear energy and environment – Life sciences– But also interaction of particles with matter, …

• Perspectives– IN2P3 and CEA are ready to carry out upstream research in the electro-

nuclear field Nuclear energy is now part of nuclear physics program at IN2P3

– Structuring of interface with life sciences is underway Etoile hadron therapy centre in Lyon and AIFIRA multidisciplinary platform

in Bordeaux will be important centers of gravity for the future Emergence of bioinformatics in relation to grids