PLATE TECTONICS REVIEW
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Transcript of PLATE TECTONICS REVIEW
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PLATE TECTONICS
REVIEW
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Approximately how old is the
earth?
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4.6 billion years old
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What are the three zones of the earth?
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Crust, mantle, core
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What are the two types of crust?
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Oceanic & continental
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Describe the lithosphere.
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Rigid plastic-like
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Describe the asthenosphere.
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Flowing plastic layer
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Which part of the core is solid?
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The inner core
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Which two elements make up the core?
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Iron and nickel
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Which zone makes up 2/3 of the earth’s mass?
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The mantle
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Who proposed the idea of continental drift?
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Alfred Wegener
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What is the single landmass called?
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Pangaea
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What is the single ocean called?
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Panthalassa
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One piece of evidence that supports continental drift is that similar _______ were found in eastern South America and western Africa.
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Fossils or rocks
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At mid-ocean ridges, magma rises and cools into new ocean crust.
What is this process called?
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Sea floor spreading
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The idea of plate tectonics is that the _______ is made up of solid pieces that “ride” on the _______________.
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Lithosphere,Asthenosphere
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What is the force that pulls rocks apart?
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Tension
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What is the force that
pushed one rock in
opposite horizontal directions?
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Shearing
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What is it called when rock responds to stress by becoming permanently deformed WITHOUT breaking?
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Folding
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What is the type of folding that makes curves that look like the mouth in a “smiley face”?
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Syncline
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What is a break in the rock when the rocks have actually moved?
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Fault
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What is a break in the rock when there is no movement on either side of the break?
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Fracture
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What are the mountains that are formed when molten rock rised up and pushes rock layers above it?
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Dome mountains
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The discovery of “striping” on the ocean floor provided evidence of the reversing of Earth’s ____________.
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Paleo-magnetism
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What type of boundary has plates moving away from each other?
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Divergent boundary
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Plates are moving toward each other in a ___________ boundary.
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Convergent
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The three types of convergent boundaries depend on the types of crust.
Name the 3 options.
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1. Oceanic-Oceanic
2. Continental-Continental
3. Oceanic-Continental
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When oceanic crust collides with continental crust, __________ occurs.
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Subduction
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What is the main reason for plate movement?
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Convection currents
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A force that causes pressure in the crust’s rocks in called _________.
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Stress
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Name the three types of stress and describe each.
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Tension – pulling apartCompression – pushing togetherShearing – moving in opposite directions
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What is the name of the mountain range that formed when India collides with Eurasia?
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The Himalayas
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What mountains were formed when the continent of Africa collided with North America?
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The Appalachains
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What are large areas of flat rocks high above sea level called?
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A plateau
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The San Andreas fault in California is an example of which type of boundary?
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Transform boundary
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What is the block of rock ABOVE the fault called?
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Hanging wall
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Which type fault is formed when the hanging wall drops down?
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A normal fault
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What is the upward fold in rock called?
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An anticline
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When the hanging wall moves up and over the foot wall, a ________ fault is formed.
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Thrust
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What does the hanging wall do in a reverse fault?
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Moves down
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What feature is formed at a divergent boundary?
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A mid-ocean ridge
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Which type of convergent boundary produced the Japanese Islands?
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Converging oceanic plates(oceanic – oceanic)
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What type of boundary
produces a trench?
(be specific – 2 options)
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Convergent Boundary• oceanic – oceanic•oceanic - continental
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What are the four evidences that Wegener used for his idea of continental drift?
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1. Shape of continents
2. Fossil Evidence3. Rock Types
(mts.)4. Climatic
Evidence
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Give an example of where you could see two converging continental plates.
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The Himalayas
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The Andes Mountains in South America are located at which type of plate boundary?
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A convergent boundary of oceanic – continental plates
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Where could you go to see a transform boundary?
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The San Andreas Fault in California
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What type of mountains are located near subduction zones?
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Volcanic mountains
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What type of stress is
associated with convergent boundaries?
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Compression
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The End
GOOD LUCK!!!