Plate Tectonics How the Earth moves. The Definition The theory of plate tectonics states that the...
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Transcript of Plate Tectonics How the Earth moves. The Definition The theory of plate tectonics states that the...
![Page 1: Plate Tectonics How the Earth moves. The Definition The theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth’s lithosphere is divided into pieces called tectonic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649f565503460f94c7a6c1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plate TectonicsHow the Earth moves
![Page 2: Plate Tectonics How the Earth moves. The Definition The theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth’s lithosphere is divided into pieces called tectonic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649f565503460f94c7a6c1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Definition• The theory of plate
tectonics states that the Earth’s lithosphere is divided into pieces called tectonic plates that move around on top of the asthensophere
• Plates are either oceanic or continental
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These plates drift very slowly—centimeters per year
• Once, the world had one giant supercontinent, called Pangea and one giant ocean.
• Then, over time, the supercontinent spread out, forming the 7 continents we know today—this process is described as continental drift
![Page 4: Plate Tectonics How the Earth moves. The Definition The theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth’s lithosphere is divided into pieces called tectonic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649f565503460f94c7a6c1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sea-floor Spreading
• Magma rises from the mantle and solidifies—forming new oceanic lithosphere.
• Once the magma has solidified into the rocky crust, it spreads out in either direction
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Divergent Boundary
• This is the boundary between two plates that are spreading away from one another– Like the ones found
where sea-floor spreading occurs
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Mid-Atlantic Ridge: A Divergent boundary
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Convergent Boundary
• A convergent boundary is formed where two plates collide with each other
• Three combinations exist:– Continental/continental
– Continental/oceanic
– Oceanic/oceanic
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The Three Collisions: Convergent Boundaries
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Transform Boundaries
• A transform boundary can be found where two plates are sliding past each other horizontally– The most famous of
which is the San Andreas Fault
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The San Andreas Fault—A Transform Boundary
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How Mountains Form
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Types of Mountains—Folded
• Folded mountains form at convergent boundaries where plates collide
• Rock squeezes against rock, pushing it upward
• These form the highest mountains in the world
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Types of Mountains—Fault-Block
• When the crust is tense, the rock can break along a series of faults, causing large rock blocks to drop down lower than other rocks
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Types of Mountains—Volcanic
• Volcanic mountains form when oceanic crust sinks into the asthenosphere by subduction
• These rock melts, forming magma
• This magma, under pressure, eventually rises and erupts through volcanic mountains
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The Ring of Fire