Plate Puzzle directions

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Plate Puzzle Page 1 of 20

Plate Puzzle1

Larry Braile Purdue University

[email protected]

http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile

Sheryl Braile Happy Hollow School

April !""" #revised $ebruary !""!%

Septe&ber !""'(

)b*ectives: Develop a better understanding of the Earths plates and their distribution. Exploreplate motions and the interactions of the plates along the plate boundaries. Before beginning thisactivity, students should have a basic knowledge of the Earths plates, the lithosphere andasthenosphere, heat within the Earth, and the three types of plate boundaries divergent, convergentand transform. imilar activities are contained in !remor !roop "the #E$%&'!% earth(uake

curriculum for grades )*+ on pages -*-- and /+*+0, and on $asters 1, 1-a and 1-b2 and at3http3&&(uake.wr.usgs.gov&research&deformation&modeling&teaching&pu44le&. 5ood activities toprecede this lesson are the foam models of the lithosphere and the epicenter plotting activities.5ood follow*up activities are3 plate tectonics flip book epicenter plotting using program eismic
mailto:[email protected]://web.ics.purdue.edu/~brailehttp://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/deformation/modeling/teaching/puzzle/mailto:[email protected]://web.ics.purdue.edu/~brailehttp://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/deformation/modeling/teaching/puzzle/


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5ood follow*up activities are3 plate tectonics flip book epicenter plotting using program eismic


+ntroduction: !he :!his Dynamic 7lanet; map "#igure 1 is an excellent resource for learningabout plate tectonics. !he map is an attractive display of plate tectonic features such earth(uake

epicenters, the locations of volcanoes, topography and ocean bathymetry. !he map also shows theinferred location of plate boundaries so that one can examine the relationship of the tectonicfeatures to the plate boundaries. !he map legend "below the main map and the back side of themap "#igure 9 display several smaller maps, diagrams and text that help explain plate tectonics.!he map is also available online in an interactive version "http3&&www.minerals.si.edu&tdpmap& thatallows one to select data to be displayed and 4oom in to areas of interest for a close*up view"#igures , - and /. >ne can also display close*ups of the diagrams in the legend and the back sideof the map. !he legend below the map includes a map of the plate boundaries "#igure + and related

legend "#igure @ and a schematic diagram illustrating plate tectonic features on the surface and atdepth "#igure A. Examples of explanatory material from the back of the map are shown in #igures, 10 and 11.

!he plate pu44le activity re(uires cutting a copy of the map into pieces along the plate boundariesso that students can put it together like a Cigsaw pu44le. !he plate boundaries illustrated in the mapin #igure 19 are suggested. %n additional plate tectonic map that can be used to describe the platesis given in #igure 1. Detailed instructions and suggested (uestions to use with the plate pu44le

activity are provided in the next sections.

Preparation:

1. >btain an extra copy of the map :!his Dynamic 7lanet; "you should have one copy hangingon the wall during the teaching of your Earth science unit. !he map ":!his Dynamic7lanet,; !. imkin and others, 900+ is available from the .. 5eological urvey,

nformation ervices, Box 9/9A+, #ederal ?enter, Denver, ?> A099/, or by phone at "AAA%)*5, F1- G F/ shipping, new product number 90+/, and an interactive version ofthe map and additional downloadable information is available online at3http3&&www.minerals.si.edu&tdpmap& "#igures 1 and 9. % companion document, :!his
http://www.minerals.si.edu/tdpmap/http://www.minerals.si.edu/tdpmap/http://www.minerals.si.edu/tdpmap/http://www.minerals.si.edu/tdpmap/http://www.minerals.si.edu/tdpmap/


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%ustralian 7late "in two pieces because of the map edge at 100E longitude

?aribbean 7late

?ocos 7late "southwest of $iddle %mericaEurasian 7late "in two pieces because of the map edge at 100E longitude

ndian 7lateHuan de #uca 7late "west of


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their differing interpretations. %fter a brief time for discussion, ask a few students to explainwhat their plates motion is and how it is interacting with adCacent plates.

-. #ind locations on the map that are associated with "Descriptions and illustrations of these plateboundaries are included on the back side of the 900+ :!his Dynamic 7lanet; map and on theplate tectonic schematic diagram in the map legend, #igure A. 7late boundaries can be illustratedusing foam models2 http3&&web.ics.purdue.edu&6braile&edumod&foammod&foammod.htm3

a. convergence2 for example3 the outh %merican plate and the 'a4ca plate, the western7acific, ndia and %sia. 'ote that convergence occurs when two plates are moving in

almost opposite directions "for example, outh %merica and 'a4ca, or when twoplates are moving in nearly the same direction but the plate that is :following; ismoving faster "for example, the 7acific plate and the 7hilippine plate. !hese twotypes of motions that result in convergence could be modeled with two parallel linesof students representing the edges of two plates. n the first type of convergence, thestudents face each other and walk slowly forward until collision. n the second typeof convergence, the students face the same direction and walk slowly forward, withthe second line of students walking faster until colliding with the first line.

b. divergence2 for example3 the $id %tlantic Kidge "note celand on two sides of theridge or the East 7acific Kise.

c. transform Lthis one is more difficultM2 for example3 the an %ndreas fault in?alifornia, 'ew Nealand "the %lpine fault, and the transform faults along thesouthern boundary of the 'a4ca plate.

ometimes the plate motions and interactions are more complicated. #or example, for the 'orth%merican and 7acific plates, the 7acific plate is moving approximately northwest while the'orth %merican plate is moving approximately southwest. !he combination of these motions

d th i l l h d l t b d i lt i l th %l ti l d
http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/foammod/foammod.htmhttp://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/foammod/foammod.htm


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Examples of the plate boundaries and further information and illustrations of plate tectonics andcontinental drift can be found in the 5 publication P!his Dynamic EarthP and in the video

by !.%. %twater "1AA. !hese materials provide excellent color illustrations to supplement the7late 7u44le activity.

/. Ouestions to generate discussion3

a. Explain why the %ustralian continent has few earth(uakes. Iowever, note that there arevery active earth(uake 4ones near %ustralia.

b.


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million years old. !he Big sland "Iawaii is less than 1 million years old and eruptionsare occurring today. !o model the hotspot, place the flashlight or laser pointer under the

north end of the Emperor seamount chain and cause the plate to move northwest andthen west*northwest "at the :bend; until the flashlight is at the current position of thehotspot under Iawaii.


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.. 5eological urvey, This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics, available from3 ..5eol. urvey, $ap Distribution, #ederal ?enter, 7> Box 9/9A+, Denver, ?> A099/, F@ G

F/ shipping, "1*AAA %)*5.


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)igure .+ ,educed si-e image of 7ac side of the .//$ 0This Dynamic Planet0 map+ Informationon plate 7oundaries( hotspots( nota7le volcanoes( earthquaes and impacts( and references is

provided+ This information can 7e vieed interactively to -oom in on the features at the e7site

1h ;; l d ; d ;6
http://www.minerals.si.edu/tdpmap/http://www.minerals.si.edu/tdpmap/


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)igure 5+ Close#up vie of the northeast Pacific plate region and northestern e7site 1http:;;+minerals+si+edu;tdpmap;6+ ?oomtool and other options are located a7ove the map+ @ists on the right allo selection of data and

features to display+
http://www.minerals.si.edu/tdpmap/http://www.minerals.si.edu/tdpmap/


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)igure + E4ample 1Indian Plate and surrounding area6 of the earthquae( topography( volcano(l t ti d hi d t h th 0Thi D i Pl t0 1f th i t ti


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)igure 3+ E4ample 1%estern Pacific area6 of the earthquae( topography( volcano( plate motion

and geographic data shon on the 0This Dynamic Planet0 map 1from the interactive e7site ithall earthquaes selected( http:;;+minerals+si+edu;tdpmap;6+ Dots are earthquae epicenters+

,ed triangles are volcanoes+ Arros indicate direction of plate motion+


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)igure $+ Plate 7oundaries from the .//$ =This Dynamic Planet> map+


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)igure + Schematic diagram illustrating plate tectonics 1from the .//$ =This Dynamic Planet>

map6+


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)igure */+ Crustal age map from the 7ac of the =This Dynamic Planet> map+


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)igure *.+ &ap of plate 7oundaries and plate names 1modified from the *$ legend of the =This


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)igure *5+ Color map of the EarthFs tectonic plates 1http:;;geology+er+usgs+gov;eastern;plates+html6+
http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eastern/plates.htmlhttp://geology.er.usgs.gov/eastern/plates.html


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)igure *+ To pieces of the plate pu--le+


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Plate PuzzleL.W. and S.J.Braile( web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile!his Dynamic 7lanet map from imkin and others, 900+,http://www.&inerals.si.edu/tdp&ap/

)igure *3+ This Dynamic Planet map 1Simin et al+( .//$6 for transparency 17ase

map for )igure *$ overlay6+
http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/http://www.minerals.si.edu/tdpmap/http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/http://www.minerals.si.edu/tdpmap/


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Plate PuzzleL.W. and S.J.Braile( web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile!his Dynamic 7lanet map from imkin and others, 900+,http://www.&inerals.si.edu/tdp&ap/)igure *$+ &ap of plates( 7oundaries and names for transparency 1overlay on )igure *36+
http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/http://www.minerals.si.edu/tdpmap/http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/http://www.minerals.si.edu/tdpmap/

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