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5G: CHALLENGES

CARLOS ALBERTO S .

CAMARDELLA NETWORKS TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION – EXECUTIVE BOARD

APIs(HTTP/JSON}

Data Network

(Internet, MPLS)

Data Network

(Local Breakout)

Network Slice

Selection Function

(NSSF)

NG-PACKET CORE – DYNAMIC NFV

VNFs are dynamically instantiated in

VMs/Containers at any Datacenter

A Digital Services Provider strutucture (automation/processes/culture) is mandatory !

CARLOS ALBERTO S. CAMARDELLA 1

INTEGRATION: NETWORK SLICING

SDN Controller

Multidomain

E2E Services

Orchestrator

DC

National

DC

Edge

NSSF

Restful / Restconf

Restconf / Yang

UE

S-NSSAI / NSSAI

Restconf / Yang

Slice/Service type (SST) +

Slice Differentiator (SD)

N1 N22

AMF

Data Center

Edge

Data Center

Edge / Regional

Data Center

Regional

Data Center

National

1ms 10ms 30ms + 50ms

50km 300km + 1500km gNodeB

10km

Hierarchical

Data Centers

Structure

SDN Controller

Optical

SDN Controller

IP MPLS

Restful / Restconf

Network Slicing + SDN + NFV + SON + Distributed DCs + E2E Orchestration: OSS/BSS ?


NR Subcarrier Spacing must be chosen according to:

Aplication, Frequency Band and Channel BW

5G NR - SCALABLE NUMEROLOGY

NR Radio Frame: 10 subframes / 1ms each

1PRB = 12 SUBCARRIERS 15kHz

1 SUBFRAME = 1 SLOT (1,000ms)

1 SUBFRAME = 2 SLOTS (0,500ms each)








LO

WE

R L

AT

EN

CY

H

IGH

ER

FR2 BW: 50/100/200/400MHz

FREQUENCY SELECTIVE FADING x PHASE ERRORS

15kHz

240kHz

FR1 BW: 5 - 100MHz

Spectral Efficiency vs Latency (ex. 50MHz BW)

@ 15kHz Max. DL 2,00 Gbps / Min. Latency 2,0 ms



TTI: 14 OFDM Symbals per slot

CARLOS ALBERTO S. CAMARDELLA

NEW RADIO TECHNOLOGIES

Better Spectral Efficiency / More Users

Higher Latency

More Robust

Can´t be used for BW higher than 50MHz

Ex: 15kHz

Chosing subcarrier spacing is trickery...

3

TDD INTERFERENCES

Frame Rádio TDD: 10 subframes de 1ms

cada

Operator #1 - TD-LTE

Profile 0 (2 DL : 6 UL)

>5ms latency

Operator #2 - TD-LTE

Profile 3 (6 DL : 3 UL)

>10ms latency

DL DL DL DL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL

DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL UL UL UL UL UL UL DL DL

TD-LTE Radio Frame (15kHz subcarrier spacing): 10 subframes of 1ms each / 0,5ms per slot / 7 OFDM symbols per slot

DL DL DL DL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL

DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL UL UL UL UL UL UL DL DL

+ 1,5us

Operator #3 - 5G

eMBB - Latency >1ms

5G TDD Radio Frame (15kHz subcarrier spacing): 10 subframes of 1ms each / 1ms per slot / 14 OFDM symbols per slot

Operator #4 - 5G

eMBB - Latency >1ms

Operator #6 - 5G

eMBB Slot Aggregation - Latency >>2ms

Operator #7 - 5G

eMBB Slot Aggregation - Latency >>2ms

1

1

2

2

1

1

Operator #5 - 5G

uRLLC Mini Slots – Latency >0,6ms 2

2

2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Freq.

Freq.

62 TDD Profiles (!)

1

time

time

Células Adjacentes Células Adjacentes

5G Adjacent Cells

Time + Phase Sync and TDD profiles – hard work !


Phase Sync Error Budget

(No Carrier Aggregation)

+/-1500 ns (15kHz)

+/- 780 ns (30kHz)

+/- 390 ns (60kHz)

TDD Radio Drift = 130ns

+/-260 ns / +/-130ns Phase Sync Error Budget

(Carrier Aggregation or CoMP-JT/JP)

5G TDD SYNC PROBLEM

PTP

+/- 400ns (FDD LTE-A + CoMP)

+/- 630ns

+/- 1000ns +/-100ns

+/- 20ns +/- 130ns (TDD@30kHz) +/- 1350ns +/- 20ns +/- 130ns (TDD@15kHz)

+/- 240ns +/- 20ns +/- 130ns (TDD@60kHz)

PTP SLAVE

The restrictive phase sync error budget demands a very tight sync network


5G TDD SYNC SOLUTIONS

PTP PTP Client

(Second. Clock)

PTP Grandmaster (Prim. Clock)

Sync from GPS(GNSS)

Sync from BBU (CPRI/eCPRI)

GPS(GNSS)

TX

GPS receivers at every cell site ? Maybe...


CoMP: LTE-A FDD (4,5G)

4.6us = Cyclic Prefix for 15kHz = maximum budget

- 1.0us = Budget for multipath fading

- 1.0us = Budget for FDD radio drift ( ± 500 ns )

=2.6us Max. ISD (Inter-Site Distance): 780 m

CoMP or CA: LTE TDD or 5G TDD 15kHz subcarrier spacing



- 3.0us = Phase Sync Error Budget ( ± 1.5 us )


CoMP or CA: 5G TDD 30kHz subcarrier spacing



- 1.5us = Phase Sync Error Budget ( ± 780 ns )


260ns

CoMP JOINT TRANSMISSION & CA

CoMP

Joint Transmission Inter-Sites

130ns

260ns

260ns

CA

ISD


Physical limitations to the coverage of TDD cells (remember that subcarrier spacing is trickery?)

7

HIGH FREQUENCIES

5G NR RADIO FRAME LENGHT: 10ms

10 x 1ms subframes

Is mobility really feasible above 24GHz?


Field tests with new filtered LNBFs

First TVRO x TD-LTE 2x2 MIMO demo (TIM’s Guaratiba Site) – Feb/ 2018 First TVRO x 5G & TD-LTE Massive MIMO tests (Claro´s LAB - CRT) – Nov/ 2018

3.5GHz COMPATIBILITY TESTS

3.5GHz is the first

globally harmonized

band for IMT-2020(5G) Parabolic Antenna:

•Weak Signal(-150dBm)

•Filterless LNBF

Satellite:

36.000km orbit

Extended C-Band DL TVRO

Cell Site:

•Strong Signal(60dBm)

Interference

IMT vs Extended C-Band Satellite TVRO services


MOBILE(MACRO) x FWA(SMALL CELLS) FR-1 x FR-2


3.5GHz => FR-1

• Good outdoor coverage/improved capacity in high densiity

scenarios w/ Massive MIMO(no gain in sparse/low density scenarios)

• Worse indoor penetration than lower bands

• Excellent for mobility

• Less capacity than FR-2 bands (up to 100MHz Carrier BW)

• Interferences with extended C-Band TVRO satellite services

• TDD adjacent cells sync problems

• High users-per-cell ratio (up to 273 NRBs – 30kHz SCS@100MHz BW)

26GHz => FR-2

• Poor outdoor coverage (even with Massive MIMO)

• Poor indoor penetration (needs window placed/outdoor antennas)

• Poor mobility

• Much higher capacity than FR-1 bands (up to 400MHz Carrier BW)

• No Interferences with other radio/satellite services

• Less TDD adjacent cells sync problems than FR-1 (LOS-only coverage

+ beamforming)

• Low users-per-cell ratio (up to 264 NRBs – 120kHz SCS@400MHz BW)

10

THANK YOU !

CARLOS ALBERTO S .

CAMARDELLA DIRETORIA DE EVOLUÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DE REDES

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