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![Page 1: Plants, algae, some bacteria Capture ~1% of energy from sunlight that reaches Earth Convert this to chemical energy Happens in three stages 1)Energy.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649ed35503460f94be4015/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Plants, algae, some bacteriaCapture ~1% of energy from sunlight that reaches Earth
Convert this to chemical energyHappens in three stages1) Energy is captured from sunlight2) Light energy converted to chemical energy3) Chemical energy stored in ATP/NADPH powers
formation of organic compounds
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Using light, plants transform CO2 and water into carbohydrates and release oxygenWHERE????
_____________ + ____________ __________________ + ____________
Carbondioxide WATER Sugars Oxygen
6 CO2_____________ + ____________ _______________ + ____________6 H2O C6H12O6 6 O2→
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Required for photosynthesisFound in chloroplastsChlorophyll**
**Primary light-absorbing pigment in autotrophsCarotenoids
Yellow, Orange, Red
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Different wavelengths of light have different colorsDifferent pigments absorb different wavelengthsColor of light SEEN is the color NOT absorbed
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LightReflected
Light
Absorbedlight
Transmittedlight
Chloroplast
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GREEN leaves have BOTH chlorophyll AND carotenoids __________________but the huge amount of chlorophyll ______the other colors and leaves usually look green
ALL THE TIME
hides
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In FALL, chlorophyll production slows as the trees shut down and photosynthesis stops for winter.
Then we can see thecarotinoid colors that are usually hidden by chlorophyll.
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red
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Absorption of Light byChlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
© Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing asPearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
There are two types of chlorophyll:Chlorophyll a & Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a absorbs the_____ & ________wavelengths best.
It absorbs very little ______ light.
red violet
Blue
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red
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Absorption of Light byChlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
© Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing asPearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
NEITHER KIND OF CHLOROPHYLL IS VERY GOOD AT ABSORBING _________ LIGHT!GREEN
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Light hits thylakoidsExcites electronsWater molecules fall apart
Oxygen is released into airHydrogen leaves behind ion
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Excited electrons travel down the electron transport chain (ETC)H+ ions travel out of thylakoid
Create ATP (ADP + Pi)OUTSIDE THYLAKOID:
Electrons + H join NADP to make NADPHNADPH – provides electrons needed in step 3
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a. Overall input:
light energy, H2O b. Overall output:
ATP, NADPH, O2
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120072/bio13.swf::Photosynthetic Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis
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Light Independent ReactionsA.K.A. Calvin Cycle or Dark Reactions
In StromaCO2 splitsC + O + H (transported by NADPH) form glucose (C6H12O6)Energy from ATP is used to form new bonds
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a. Overall input:
CO2, ATP, NADPH b. Overall output: glucose (after 2 full cycles)
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• Lack of sufficient water can cause photosynthesis to SLOW or STOP
• How does a cactus prevent this?
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•Enzymes work best at specific temperatures•0-35 °C
•Temp too low/high will cause photosynthesis to SLOW or STOP•Conifers???
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•More light increases rate of photosynthesis•Up to certain point, until plant reaches max rate
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Compose a children’s story, song, or poem about the travels of an electron through the light reactions. Be sure to represent ALL the elements of the light reactions in your story.Illustrate a scene from your story which will best represent the activity during the light reactions.Attach your story to your illustration.
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QuestionResearch?HypothesisProcedures Results/Data AnalysisConclusions