PLANTS. A Seed Plant is… A vascular plant that produces seeds Vascular Tissue: forms a system of...
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Transcript of PLANTS. A Seed Plant is… A vascular plant that produces seeds Vascular Tissue: forms a system of...
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PLANTS
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A Seed Plant is…
• A vascular plant that produces seeds
• Vascular Tissue: forms a system of tiny tubes that transport water, food, and other minerals through the plant
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Xylem…
• Is vascular tissue that carries water and minerals UPWARDS from the roots through the plant.
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Phloem…
• Is vascular tissue that carries food throughout the plant (both UP and DOWN)
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Roots are important…
• To anchor the plant in the ground
• To absorb water from the soil
• To store food for the plant
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A taproot system…• Consists of a long, thick main root and
thin, branching roots that extend out of the taproot.
• For example, carrots and dandelions
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A fibrous root system…
• Consists of several main roots that branch repeatedly to form a tangled mass of thin roots
• For example, grass
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Stems are important…
• To provide the means by which food, water, and minerals are transported from the roots to the leaves (xylem and phloem)
• Hold leaves up to receive sunlight for photosynthesis
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A herbaceous stem…
• Is soft and green
• Sunflowers, dandelions, grass, tomatoes, etc.
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A woody stem…• Is rigid and strong
• (contains wood…crushed xylem and phloem)
• Lilac trees, rose bushes, maple trees, etc.
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Leaves are important…
• To capture the sun’s energy and produce food and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis
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A simple leaf…
• Has a blade that is in one piece
• Maple leaf
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Compound leaves• Have a blade that is divided into a
number of separate leaf-like parts
• Palm leaves, mountain ash leaves
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Stomata…• Are microscopic openings in the epidermis
of a leaf that allow carbon dioxide to enter and water and oxygen to exit
• Open during the day, closed at night
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Transpiration…
• Is the process in which water is lost through the stomata in a plant’s leaves
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During Photosynthesis…
• Green plants use sunlight, chlorophyll, water, and carbon dioxide to make sugar (food) and oxygen.
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Flowers…
• Are structures that contain the reproductive organs
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Sepal
• Leaf-like structures that protect the developing flower (bud)
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Petal
• Colorful leaf-like structures that attract insects/animals with their colors and odors.
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Stamen
• Male reproductive organ
• Thin stalk with small knobs on top
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Filament
• Stalk-like part of the stamen
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Anther
• Knob-like part of the stamen
• Produces pollen
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Pistil
• Female reproductive organ found in the center of the flower
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Stigma
• Sticky tip of the pistil that collects pollen
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The stigma is sticky…
• So that it can collect and retain pollen from itself and other flowers
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Style
• Slender tube that connects the stigma to the ovary
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Ovary
• Contains eggs, which when fertilized become known as seeds
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Pollination happens…
• 1. When a grain of pollen lands on the stigma
• 2. Pollen breaks open and a tube grows down the style to the ovary
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Pollination…
• Is the process in which pollen is carried from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures.
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Fertilization happens
• When a sperm cell emerges from the pollen tube and fertilizes the egg cell in the ovary.
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3 Main Parts of a Seed:
• Young Plant (embryo)
• Stored Food: found in the seed leaves of the young plant
• Seed Coat: surrounds and protects the young plant
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Seed Dispersal
• The process in which seeds are carried away from a plant
• Wind, animals (sticking to fur; eating fruit and disposing of seeds elsewhere), water
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Annuals
• Plants that complete their life cycle within one growing season. (impatiens)
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Biennials
• Plants that complete their life cycle within two growing seasons. (violets)
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Perennials
• Plants that live for many years. (tulips)
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Pollen…
• Is found within the male flower parts
• Holds the cells that later become sperm cells