PlantingPlanFinale

North Creek Forest

2015-2016 UW-REN

Planting Plan

Photo Copyright: Friends of North Creek Forest 2016

by: Nick Vradenburg, Kai Farmer, Batzorig Tuvshinjargal, Eric Carpenter and Thomas Radon

Table 1. Environmental conditions in polygons 1-5

Polygon 1 Polygon 2 Polygon 3 Polygon 4 Polygon 5

Soil Texture -Silty Clay Loam with some grain

-Loam -Silty Clay Loam

-Loam

-Silty Clay Loam

Soil Moisture -Seasonally saturated

-Moist on slope

-Seasonally saturated

-Inundated depressions





-Slightly moist

Slope Steep slope Moderate slope

Gentle slope Moderate-Gentle slope

Steep slope

Light Availability

Medium- deciduous shade

Medium- deciduous shade

Little to no canopy

Little canopy

Some deciduous shade

Low Light, dense coniferous shade

Present Vegetation

See Appendix

Human Impacts

-Construction debris

-Borders private residence

-Construction debris

-Borders private residence

-Walking Trail -Construction debris

-Walking Trail -Walking Trail

Other Considerations

Swampy depression

Swampy depression

Creek channel

Goal 1: Establish native vegetation to initiate site development towards later-

successional maturity commonly found in lowland Puget Sound forests.

● Objective 1: Remove invasive species and control their ability to return and re-

establish (shade)

● Objective 3: Install biologically and structurally diverse selection of native species

suitable for the current successional stage.

Table 2. Planting list correlating with Objectives 1-1 and 1-3

Goal 1 -

Objective 3 Quantity/Spacing (ft.) Each

Plant Species Form Polygon 1 Polygon 2 Polygon 3 Polygon 4 Polygon 5

Salix lucida ssp.

lasiandra Live stakes 8 / (6-8 ft.)

10 / (6-8 ft.)

Tolmiea

menziesii Plugs /

salvage

10 / (1-2 ft.)

10 / (1-2 ft.)

Picea sitchensis 1 gal.

container 1 / (8 ft.) 4 / (8 ft.) 2 / (8 ft.) 3 / (8 ft.)

Pinus contorta

var. latifolia 1 gal.

container 2 / (8 ft.)

Thuja plicata 1 gal.

container 3 / (8 ft) 2 / (8 ft.) 3/ (8 ft.) 2 / (8 ft.)

Tsuga

heterophylla 1 gal.

container

5 / (8 ft.)

Taxus brevifolia 1 gal.

container

2 / (8 ft.)

Planting for the purpose of deterring invasive species in the long term sense and

development towards late-successional communities involves creating a mostly

evergreen canopy. We will get this started immediately by planting conifer species such

as Thuja plicata, Picea sitchensis, Tsuga heterophylla, Taxus brevifolia and Pinus

contorta var. latifolia. To quickly establish shade, create woody debris and deter

invasive species return in the short term we have selected Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra,

which can readily be grown from live stakes (DOE 1994).

T. hetrophylla will be planted in only Polygon 5 where mature trees already exist, and

soil, light and moisture conditions are appropriate. P. sitchensis will be planted more

frequently in wet, sunny locations of the site such as polygons 2 and 4.

Other willow species may be added or substituted depending on the availability of

obtainable live stakes. Most of the conifers listed are available at either King County or

Snohomish County conservation district plant sales. Additional conifers may be

retrieved at salvage events or as potted seedlings from local nurseries.

Goal 2: Improve ecological functions provided to nearby habitat and local watershed

● Objective 1: Select and install plant species useful for improving site water

absorption and filtration

Table 3. Planting list correlating with Objective 2-1

(species marked with an [ * ] have been accounted for in previous tables)

Goal 2 -


Plant Form Polygon 1 Polygon 2 Polygon 3 Polygon 4 Polygon 5

Scirpus

microcarpus Plugs

7 / (2 ft.)

8 / (2 ft.)

Carex obnupta Plugs 3 / (1/2 ft.) 10 / (1/2 ft.) 4 / (1/2 ft.) 10 / (1/2 ft.) 3 / (1/2 ft.)

Picea sitchensis

* 1 gal.


Thuja plicata * 1 gal.


Tsuga

heterophylla * 1 gal.

container

5 / (8 ft.)

Salix lucida ssp.

lasiandra * Live stakes

8 / (6-8 ft.)

10 / (6-8 ft.)

Due to the high levels of moisture throughout the site (primarily Polygons 2 & 4) as well

as the need to control erosion, we decided that the sedge Carex obnupta and the

bulrush Scirpus microcarpus would be suitable species to plant (Leigh 1999). C.

obnupta is also an ideal understory species because it has evergreen leaves that can

assist in filtering excess sediment from the soil (Jurries 2003). Both species have root

systems that will do well to bind the soil and are able to thrive in wetter site conditions

(Leigh 1999). The tree species T. plicata, P. sitchensis, and T. heterophylla will all

develop large root systems as they grow that will absorb high amounts of water from the

soil. S. lucida ssp. lasiandra will also absorb large amounts of water from the soil (DOE

1994).


● Objective 2: Install plant species beneficial for soil stabilization along slope


Species marked with an [ * ] have been accounted for in previous tables

Goal 2 -



Picea sitchensis

*

1 gal.


Salix lucida ssp.

lasiandra *

Live

stakes

8 / (6-8 ft.)

10 / (6-8ft.)

Physocarpus

capitatus

Live

stakes 1 / (2 ft.) 4 / (2 ft.) 2 / (2 ft.) 8 / (2 ft.)

Cornus sericea

Live

stakes 2 / (3 ft.) 4 / (3 ft.) 8 / (3 ft.) 6 / (3 ft.)

Carex obnupta * Plug 3 / (1/2 ft.) 10 / (1/2ft.) 4 / (1/2 ft.) 10 / (1/2ft.) 3 / (1/2 ft.)

Sambucus

racemosa

Live

stakes

2 / (6 ft.)

3 / (6 ft.)

Rhamnus

purshiana

1 gal.

container 1 / (6 ft.) 2 / (6 ft.)

7 / (6 ft.)

Symphoricarpos

albus

Live

stakes 4 / (2 ft.) 2 / (2 ft.) 3 / (2 ft.) 6 / (2 ft.)

Lonicera

involucrata

Live

stakes 1 / (4 ft.) 2 / (4 ft.) 1 / (4 ft.) 4 / (4 ft.)

Oemlaria

cerasiformis

1 gal.


1 / (6 ft.) 2 / (6 ft.)

Because a majority of our site is located on a slope, erosion control is one of our top

priorities. We have chosen a large variety of sun-loving shrub species that can grow in

wetter conditions and will develop stabilizing root systems. Lonicera involucrata,

Symphoricarpos albus, Oemlaria cerasiformis, Sambucus racemosa, and Physocarpus

capitatus are all shrub-like species that will do well in wet soils and develop stabilizing

root systems (DOE 1994). Rhamnus purshiana and S. lucida ssp. lasiandra are more

tree-like shrubs and they will also do well to secure the hillside. P. sitchensis will grow to

be a large tree and does well to stabilize soil with its large root system. C. obnupta is a

durable, tufted sedge with a strong root system that will help to stabilize the soil in many

areas of our site (Leigh 1999).


● Objective 3: Increase woody debris and improve nutrient cycling through

implementation of mycelium and wood chip mulch

Table 5. Fungal inoculant list correlating with Objective 2-3

Goal 2 -



Stropharia

rugoso-annulata

Colonized

woody

substrate

5 gal.

colonized

wood chips /

N/A

5 gal.

colonized

wood chips /

N/A

5 gal.

colonized

wood chips /

N/A

5 gal.

colonized

wood chips /

N/A

5 gal.

colonized

wood chips /

N/A

Pleurotus

ostreatus Plug spawn 50 plugs in

felled alder 50 plugs in

felled alder

Trametes

versicolor Plug spawn 50 plugs in

snag 50 plugs in

snag

We intend to increase the content of organic matter, improve nutrient cycling and plant

growth by adding mulch inoculated with Stropharia rugoso-annulata (wine cap

stropharia). The use of this fungi will help to speed up the restoration of our site by

enriching the soil, stimulating plant growth and providing habitat for earthworms while

simultaneously increasing fungal diversity on site (Stamets 2005). Since S. rugoso-

annulata can digest coliform bacteria and help prevent erosion the addition of this

species will also benefit water quality downstream (Stamets 2005).

We intend to activate decomposition of woody debris and increase fungal diversity by

the introduction of the fungi Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster mushroom) and Trametes

versicolor (Turkey tail fungus). The inoculation of P. ostreatus into felled trees will

catalyze their primary decomposition. This will also help to create a unique fungally rich

nurse log feature onsite that could support mosses and other appropriate vegetation.

The addition of T. versicolor into snags and stumps will continue to benefit the fungal

diversity of this forest, while also providing fungal competition from a saprophytic fungi.

The competition created by P. ostreatus and T. versicolor has the potential to deter

parasitic fungal blights such as Armillaria sp. (Stamets 2005).

Goal 3: Promote wildlife habitat and attract local fauna such as birds, bats, insects and

amphibians

● Objective 1: Install native vegetation used for food, shelter and nesting for birds,

small mammals and amphibians


Goal 3 - Objective 1 Quantity/Spacing (ft.) Each


Picea sitchensis * 1 gal.


Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra * Live stakes

8 / (6-8 ft.) 10 / (6-8

ft.)

Physocarpus capitatus * Live stakes 1 / (2 ft.) 4 / (2 ft.) 2 / (2 ft.) 8 / (2 ft.)

Cornus sericea * Live stakes 2 / (3 ft.) 4 / (3 ft.) 8 / (3 ft.) 6 / (3 ft.)

Carex obnupta * Plugs 3 / (1/2 ft.) 10 / (½ ft.)

Sambucus racemosa * Live stakes 2 / (6 ft.) 3 / (6 ft.)

Symphoricarpos albus * Live stakes 4 / (2 ft.) 2 / (2 ft.) 3 / (2 ft.) 6 / (2 ft.)

Lonicera involucrata * Live stakes 1 / (4 ft.) 2 / (4 ft.) 1 / (4 ft.) 4 / (4 ft.)

Thuja plicata * 1 gal.

container 3 / (8 ft)

Rhamnus purshiana * 1 gal.

container 1 / (6 ft.) 2 / (6 ft.) 7 / (6 ft.)

Athyrium filix-femina Salvage /

plugs 1 / (3 ft.) 2 / (3 ft.) 1 / (3 ft.) 1 / (3 ft.)

Blechnum spicant Salvage /

plugs

5 / (2 ft.)

Scirpus microcarpus * Plugs 7 / (2 ft.) 8 / (2 ft.)

Sisyrinchium idahoense

var. macounii Plugs 5 / (2 ft.)

Trillium ovatum Plugs 5 / (2 ft.)

Ribese lacustre 1 gal.

container

1 / (3 ft.)

4 / (3 ft.)

Lysichiton americanum Salvage 5 / (2 ft.)

Vaccinium ovatum 1 gal.

container

5 / (3 ft.)

Taxus brevifolia * 1 gal.

container

2 / (8 ft.)

Viola sempervirens 1 gal.

container

5 / (1 ft.)

Maianthemum dilatatum

Salvage

(purchase if

available)

2 / (1 ft.)

8 / (1 ft.)

Tsuga heterophylla * 1 gal.

container

5 / (8ft.)

Pinus contorta var. latifolia * 1 gal.

container

2 / (8ft.)

In order create habitat for a variety of mammals and birds that are local to North Creek

Forest, we plan to install a structurally diverse array of species. Our overstory will

consist of tree species P. sitchensis, T. plicata, T. brevifolia, T. plicata, P. contorta var.

latifolia and, although smaller than the other tree species, S. lucida ssp. lasiandra.

These species will do well to provide nesting sites and shelter for small mammals and bird species (Leigh 1999). The mid-story layer of plant species will include P. capitatus,

C. sericea, S. racemosa, R. purshiana, S. albus, L. involucrata, and Ribes lacustre.

These species will act as suitable habitat for a variety of small mammals and birds, will

also provide a diverse source of food that wildlife can eat. The understory will consist of

C. obnupta, Athyrium filix-femina, Blechnum spicant, S. microcarpus, Sisyrinchium

idahoense var. macounii, Trillium ovatum, Vaccinium ovatum, Viola sempervirens, and

Mainthemum dilatatum. Having a variety of understory species will serve to provide

small rodents, mammals, and amphibians with shelter and cover. Some of those

species are also food sources through browse, berries, or seeds (Tesky 1992).

Goal 3: Promote wildlife habitat and attract local fauna such as birds, bats, insects and

amphibians

● Objective 3: Supply food sources through incorporation of pollinator species and

mycelium


Goal 3 -



Cornus serica * Live stakes 2 / (3 ft.) 4 / (3 ft.) 8 / (3 ft.) 6 / (3 ft.)

Sambucus

racemosa * Live stakes

2 / (6 ft.) 3 / (6 ft.)

Symphoricarpos

albus * Live stakes 4 / (2 ft.) 2 / (2 ft.) 3 / (2 ft.) 6 / (2 ft.)

Lonicera involucrata

* Live stakes 1 / (4 ft.) 2 / (4 ft.) 1 / (4 ft.) 4 / (4 ft.)

Oemlaria

cerasiformis * 1 gal.


1 / (6 ft.) 2 / (6 ft.)

Gaultheria shallon Salvage /

plugs

6 / (1 ft.)

Rhamnus purshiana

* 1 gal.

container 1 / (6 ft.) 2 / (6 ft.)

7 / (6 ft.)

Sisyrinchium

idahoense var.

macounii * Plugs 5 / (1 ft.)

Vaccinium ovatum * 1 gal.

container

5 / (2 ft)

Viola sempervirens

* 4 in.

container

5 / (2 ft)

Stropharia rugosso-

annulata *

Colonized

woody

substrate

Inoculate

mulch Inoculate

mulch Inoculate

mulch Inoculate

mulch Inoculate

mulch

A large portion of our shrub and understory species are flowering plants. These species

will attract pollinators such as birds, flies, bees, and possibly even bats to our site that

require nectar as a food source. L. involucrata does well to attract hummingbirds (Leigh

1999). V. sempervirens, V. ovatum, Gaultheria shallon, S. idahoense var. macounii, and

C. sericea are good for attracting butterflies (Leigh 1999). R. purshiana, O cerasiformis

and S. racemosa are a nectar source for bees (USDA 2016). S. racemosa and C.

sericea are nectar sources for birds (USDA 2016). S. rugosso-annulata has an

aggressive mycelium that will act as a food source for bees (Stamets 2005). It is also a

host for fly larvae, and creates habitat for earthworms (Stamets 2005).

Appendix A: Density of Plant Populations Currently on Project Site

Key For Tables 8-12:

Table 8. Vegetation currently in Polygon 1

Proportion Invasive Species Proportion Native Species

Hedera helix Acer macrophyllum

Rubus bifrons Alnus rubra

Acer circinatunum

Rubus spectabilis

Equisetum sp. Polystichum munitum

Athyrium felix-femina



Rubus bifrons Rubus spectabilis

Hedera helix Thuja plicata

Equisetum sp. Lysichiton americanum




Hedera helix Equisetum sp.

Rubus bifrons Thuja plicata

Rubus spectabilis

Polystichum munitum

Equisetum sp. Tolmeia menziesii

Acer circinatum



Rubus bifrons Rubus spectabilis

Ilex aquifolium Thuja plicata

Hedera helix Lysichiton americanum

Alnus rubra


Equisetum sp.

Table 12. Vegetation in Polygon 5


N/A N/A Thuja plicata

Mahonia nervosa

Corylus cornuta var. californica

Polystichum munitum

Pseudotsuga menziesii Acer macrophyllum

Vaccinium parvifolium

Acer circinatum

Appendix B: Total Planting List

Table 13. Total planting list

Plants Quantity Type

Picea sitchensis 10 Tree

Thuja plicata 3 Tree

Pinus contorta var. latifolia 5 Tree

Tsuga heterophylla 5 Tree

Taxus brevifolia 2 Tree

Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra 18 Tree

Rhamnus purshiana 10 Tree

Cornus sericea 20 Shrub

Physocarpus capitatus 15 Shrub

Sambucus racemosa 5 Shrub

Symphoricarpos albus 15 Shrub

Lonicera involucrata 8 Shrub

Vaccinium ovatum 5 Shrub

Oemlaria cerasiformis 5 Shrub

Gaultheria shallon 6 Shrub

Ribes lacustre 5 Shrub

Lysichiton americanum 5 Herb/Forb/Perennial

Sisyrinchium idahoense var.

macounii 5 Herb/Forb/Perennial

Viola sempervirens 5 Herb/Forb/Perennial

Maianthemum dilatatum 10 Herb/Forb/Perennial

Trillium ovatum 5 Herb/Forb/Perennial

Athyrium filix-femina 5 Fern

Blechnmum spicant 5 Fern

Carex obnupta 30 Graminoid

Scirpus microcarpus 15 Graminoid

Tolmiea menziesii 20 Graminoid

Stropharia rugosso-annulata 25 gal. colonized wood

chips Fungi

Pleurotus ostreatus 100 plug spawn Fungi

Trametes versicolor 100 plug spawn Fungi

Appendix C: Polygon Map

Appendix D: Decision Matrix

Table 14. Decision Matrix for North Creek Forest planting plan

Type Spacing Required Scientific Name Common Name

1.1 Remove

Invasive and

Control their

Return

1.3 Install

biologically and

structurally

diverse selection of

native species

suitable for the

current

successional

stage.

2.1 Select and install plant

species useful

for improving

site water

absorption and

filtration

2.2 Install

plant species

beneficial for

soil

stabilization

along slope

2.3 Increase

woody debris and improve

nutrient cycling

through

implementation

of mycelium and

wood chip mulch

3.1 Install

native

vegetation used for food,

shelter and

nesting for

birds, small

mammals and

amphibians

3.3 Supply food sources

through

incorporation of

pollinator

species and

mycelium

Tree 8 ft. Picea sitchensis Sitka Spruce x x x

Tree 6-8 ft. Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra Pacif ic Willow x x

x

x

Shrub 2 ft. Physocarpus capitatus Pacif ic Ninebark x

x

x

Shrub 3 ft. Cornus sericea Red-Tw ig Dogw ood

x

x

x x

Graminoid 1/2 ft. Carex obnupta Slough Sedge x x x x x

Shrub 6 ft. Sambucus racemosa Red Elderberry

x

x

x

Graminoid 1 ft Scirpus

microcarpus Small-Flow ered

Bulrush

x x x

x

Shrub 2 ft. Symphoricarpos albus

Common Snow berry

x x

x x

Shrub 4 ft. Lonicera

involucrata Tw inberry

x x x x

Tree 8 ft. Thuja plicata Western Red Cedar x x x

x

Herb /

perennial 1-2 ft. Tolmiea

menziesii Piggy-Back Plant

x

Shrub 1-3 ft. Vaccinium parviflorum Red Huckleberry

x

Shrub 6 ft. Oemlaria cerasiformis Indian Plum

x

x

x

Shrub 1-2 ft. Gaultheria

shallon Salal

x

x

x x

Tree 8 ft. Tsuga heterophylla

Western Hemlock x

x

Herb /

perennial 2 ft. Lysichiton

americanum Skunk Cabbage

x

Shrub 4-6 ft. Rubus ursinus Trailing

Blackberry

x

x

Shrub 4-6 ft. Ribes lacustre Sw amp Gooseberry

x

x

Shrub/tree 6 ft. Rhamnus purshiana Cascara

x

x

x x

Herb /

perennial 2 ft. Trillium ovatium Western Trillium

x

x

Herb / perennial 2 ft.

Sisyrinchium

idahoense var. macounii

Idaho Blue-Eyed Grass

x

x x x

Shrub Aruncus dioicus Goatsbeard

x

Fern 3 ft. Athyrium filix-

femina Lady Fern

x

x

Fern 3 ft Blechnum

spicant Deer Fern

x

x

Shrub 3 ft. Vaccinium ovatum

Evergreen Huckleberry

x

x x

Shrub/tree Taxus brevifolia Western Yew x x


Viola sempervirens

Yellow Trailing Violet

x

x x


Maianthemum dilatatum

False Lily of the Valley

x

x x

Fungi Stropharia rugosso-annulata

Wine-Cap Stropharia

x x x

x

Fungi Pleurotus ostreatus

Oyster Mushroom

x

Fungi Trametes

versicolor Turkey-Tail

Mushroom

x

Appendix E: References

DOE: Department of Ecology WA [Internet]. Plant Selection Guide. [1994-2016]. [cited

2016 Jan 14]. Available from: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/pubs/93-

30/table3.html

Diversity of Live. [Internet]. 2012. [cited 2016 Jan 14]. Available from:

https://diversityoflife2012.wikispaces.com/

Flora of North America. [Internet]. c2016. [cited 2016 Jan 14]. Available from:

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=222000246

Jurries D. 2003. BIOFILTERS: (Bioswales, Vegetative Buffers, & Constructed Wetlands)

For Storm Water Discharge Pollution Removal. (OR): State of Oregon Department of

Environmental Quality. Available from:

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/stormwater/docs/nwr/biofilters.pdf

Leigh M. 1999. Grow Your Own Natural Landscape [Internet]. Washington State

University. Available from: http://jeffersoncd.org.s13831.gridserver.com/wp/wp-

content/uploads/2014/05/Grow-your-own-native-landscape.pdf

Northwestern Oregon Wetland Plants Project [Internet]. c2016. [cited 2016 Jan 14].

Available from: http://web.pdx.edu/~maserj/ESR410/wetplants.html

Stamets P. 2005. Mycelium Running: How Mushrooms Can Help Save The World. New

York: Ten Speed Press, an imprint of the Crown Publishing Group, a division of

Random House.

Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Fire Effects Information System, [Internet].

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, [cited 2016 Jan 14]

Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer).

Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

USDA: United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation

Service. c2016. Plants Database [Internet]. [cited 2016 Jan 14]. Available from:

http://plants.usda.gov/java/

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/pubs/93-30/table3.html






http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=222000246




http://jeffersoncd.org.s13831.gridserver.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Grow-your-own-native-landscape.pdf



http://web.pdx.edu/~maserj/ESR410/wetplants.html

http://web.pdx.edu/~maserj/ESR410/wetplants.html

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