PLANTING COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA

Chapter 3

IMPORTANT TOPICS

A comparison of the European colonies established in North

America in the 17th century.

The English and Algonquian colonial encounter in the Chesapeake

The role of religious dissent in the planting of the New England

colonies.

The restoration of the Stuart Monarchy & the creation of the new

proprietary colonies.

Indian warfare & internal conflict at the end of the 17th century.

Term to describe New

Spain and New France

where native peoples

were incorporated into

colonial society and

there was a great deal of

cultural mixing.

Term to describe the

Dutch and English

colonies where settlers

and natives lived in

separate societies and

there war very little

mixing of cultures.

EUROPEAN COLONIES

“Frontiers of Inclusion” “Exclusion”

ENGLAND IN THE CHESAPEAKE

ENGLAND IN THE CHESAPEAKE

Jamestown & the Powhatan Confederacy

Tobacco, Expansion and Warfare

Maryland

Indentured Servants

Community Life in the Chesapeake

JAMESTOWN & THE POWHATAN CONFEDERACY

King James I gave a royal charted to the

Virginia Company, a group of London

investors who sent ships to Chesapeake Bay

in 1607. They settled in Jamestown and it

became the first permanent settlement in

North America.

Introduced to

England by Francis

Drake, tobacco

became the 1st

money maker for

Jamestown.

TOBACCO, EXPANSION AND WARFARE

1662- 100,000

English colonists

were sent to

Jamestown.

TOBACCO, EXPANSION AND WARFARE

English colonial characteristics- massive

immigration, especially families; plantation

agriculture based on a lot of soil and labor;

poor relationship with natives; early form

of representative gov’t.

HOUSE OF BURGESS

The legislature of

colonial VA. Organized

in 1619, it was the

first representative

gov’t in the English

colonies.

MARYLAND

Settled by Catholics, the only Catholic

colony

A proprietary colony, the Calvert family

were sole owners of the land and divided the

land into manors.

Used headright grants 1st to get laborers.

INDENTURED SERVANTS

¾’s of English

migrants were

indentured servants,

men & women

contracted labor to a

master for a fixed

time.

Young, single mostly

men who served 2 to 7

years. Some were

convicts or

vagabonds. It was

close to slavery.

Obliged to feed,

cloth and house

servants. Many

masters treated

servants just as harsh

as slaves.

INDENTURED SERVANTS

Servants Masters

High mortality

rates due to malaria

Small family size

Women held more

power…could own

land

COMMUNITY LIFE IN THE CHESAPEAKE

Kinship bonds were

weak

Dispersed settlements

Rough conditions

Few community

institutions

THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

Section 2

THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

Social & Political Values of Puritanism

Early contacts in New England

Plymouth Colony & the Mayflower Compact

The Massachusetts Bay Colony

Indians & Puritans

The New England Merchants

Community & Family in Massachusetts

Dissent & New Communities

THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

Climate & geography much different from

the Chesapeake.

No “merchantable commodities” grown

there

Was a safe haven for Protestant dissenters

from England

Followed John Calvin’s

beliefs of hard work and

enterprise….attracted

merchants, commercial

farmers &

entrepreneurs.

Wanted to return to a

traditional rural

community.

POLITICAL & SOCIAL VALUES OF PURITANISM

The church needs to

monitor an individual’s

behavior.

EARLY CONTACTS

Many natives, French

and Dutch were wiped

out by disease. New

England was sparcely

populated and became a

perfect place for

religious dissenters to

settle.

Pilgrims, also known as

Separatists, wanted to

completely break from the

Catholic Church. They were

governed by the Mayflower

Compact, the 1st document of

self- governance in North

America.

PLYMOUTH COLONY & THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT

Led by John

Winthrop, the Puritans

settled in Salem, MA,

also known as the “city

on a hill”. The Puritans

were primarily wealthy

businessmen.

MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY

The Great Migration is

the official name of the

Puritan migration from

1629 to 1643.

INDIANS & PURITANS

The English used a

variety of ways to

pressure Native

leaders into signing

quitclaims, agreements

relinquishing specific

lands.

INDIANS AND PURITANS

Ways the Puritans tricked Natives into giving up

lands:

Writing land transfers and agreements in English

Imposing large fines for simple violations & then

taking lands as payment.

Using women to gain land

New England became a

leading commercial region

early in its settlement. Boston

became the 3rd largest English

commercial center. England

exported lumber and cod as

well as traded goods for sugar,

molasses and rum with the

West Indies.

NEW ENGLAND MERCHANTS

COMMUNITY & FAMILY IN MA

Well-organized communities based on a social

order

Mass General Court, a system of self-government

Clustered settlements led to strong communities

Well-disciplines and educated society

Women were subordinate to men

Cultural mistrust and stereotypes of women…

Salem Witch Trials

DISSENT & NEW COMMUNITIES

Religiously intolerant towards other groups and they were forced

out of Mass bay colony:

Thomas Hooker believed in women’s suffrage and founded

Connecticut.

Roger Williams believed in religious toleration, fair treatment of

the natives and separation of church & state. He founded

Providence, RI.

Anne Hutchinson was banished for criticizing the piety of

minsters and excommunicated. She founded RI.

THE PROPRIETARY COLONIES

Section 3

THE PROPRIETARY COLONIES

Early Carolina

From New Netherland to New York

The Founding of Pennsylvania

Also known as The Restoration Colonies

after the restoration of the Stuart Monarchy

and the reign of King Charles II.

EARLY CAROLINA

Early Carolina

stretched from North

Carolina to Spanish

Florida. The north and

south of Carolina was

settled by drastically

different groups and

then split.

The English

implemented the Trade

& navigation Act in 1751

that barred Dutch ships

from English territories

which led to a series

naval wars with Holland

from 1652 to 1654

After 2 more wars, the

English captured New

Amsterdam and gained

control of New

Netherland.

NEW NETHERLANDS & NY

Cont.New Netherland

NY

Land was given to

Charles II’s brother, the

Duke of York. NY was

very diverse. Later, the

eastern part split and

formed New Jersey.

THE FOUNDING OF PENNSYLVANIA

William Penn led religious dissenters known

as the Quakers, or the Society of Friends.

Known for religious toleration and pacifism

Settled near the capital, Philadelphia and

hoped the colony would be a “holy experiment”.

CONFLICT AND WAR

The Beaver Wars

King Philip’s War

Bacon’s Rebellion

Culpepper’s Rebellion

Wars in the South

The Glorious Revolution in America

King William’s War

The Frame of

Government- A

framework of self-

governance. They

believed in religious

freedom, civil liberties

and fair treatment of

natives.

PENNSYLVANIA

KING PHILIP’S WAR

1675- Started out

between the settlers &

Pokanokets but the

Iroquois defeated the

Pokanokets and

declared the dominant

tribe in the region.

THE IROQUOIS

Wanted to maintain their role in the Dutch and English

trading system.

Also wanted to continue to act as intermediaries between

Natives and settlers.

Created the Covenant Chain, which created an alliance

between the Iroquois Confederacy and New York.

Made Iroquois and New York as dominant tribe and

colony in North America.

The French, Dutch,

English and different

Native American tribes

engaged in wars of rich

beaver hunting grounds

in the North. Each

group wanted

dominance in the region

and rights to lands.

THE BEAVER WARS

BACON’S REBELLION

1675-76- A violent conflict in backwoods VA in

which Nathaniel Bacon led a series of attacks on

Native Americans and then led a rebellion against

Virginia’s government.

Is important because it showed the division

between the frontier regions and the more

established and civilized coastal areas. Baco

demanded all removal of all Natives from

VA….showed an increasing bravado & arrogance

amongst settlers.

CULPEPPER’S REBELLION

Rebellion in North Carolina in which backcountry

men overthrew the established government in 1677.

English authorities eventually suppressed the

rebellion.

Results- Colonial authorities expanded into Indian

territory hoping to gain support of backcountry men.

Fears of disorder amongst indentured

servants….turned to slave labor.

Colonists in NC incite

Creeks, Cherokees, and

other tribes to attack

and enslave mission

Indians of Spanish

Florida.

Colonists in MA, NY,

and Maryland rose up

against King James II’s

harsh policies.

CONFLICT & WAR

Wars in the South 1670s-1720s Glorious Revolution in America 1689

KING WILLIAM’S WAR

1689- Began 75 years of competition and armed

conflict between the British & French over control of

North America. It also dragged in many Native tribes

who were forced to choose alliances. Led to a

tightening of control over North American colonists.