Plantae KINGDOM - Cardinal Biologycardinalbiology.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/0/8/12085546/...Plantae...
Transcript of Plantae KINGDOM - Cardinal Biologycardinalbiology.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/0/8/12085546/...Plantae...
Plantae KINGDOM
General Characteristics• Multicellular• Eukaryotic• Chlorophyll• Autotrophic (Photosynthesis)• Thick CELL WALL made of
CELLULOSE
Plants Adapting to Land• Waxy CUTICLE to prevent water
loss• Leaves for PHOTOSYNTHESIS• ROOTS to anchor and absorb
minerals & water• VASCULAR TISSUES to transport
materials• REPRODUCTION – seeds, spores,
alternation of generations
Vascular Tissues• Xylem-
transports water and minerals
• Phloem-transports sugars and organic materials
Alternation of Generations• All plants • Primary way of reproduction in NON-
Vascular/NON-seed plantsGAMETOPHYTE GENERATION
PRODUCES HAPLOID GAMETESSPOROPHYTE GENERATION
FORMED FROM FUSION OF GAMETESPRODUCES HAPLOID SPORES
NON-VASCULAR/NON-SEEDPlants
• Classified into 3 divisions• Lack Vascular tissues• Live in MOIST Habitats• Produce SPORES
(Alternation of Generations)
Mosses
Liverworts
Hornworts
NON-Seed Vascular Plants• First vascular plants• Classified into 4 divisions• SPORES produces on the underside of
FROND in the SPORANGIA• SPOROPHYTE generation is DOMINANT
Club MossFerns
Whisk Fern
VASCULAR SEED PLANTS• Produce seeds. SEEDS are plant
EMBRYOS– Advantages of SEEDS
• Food supply for the young plant• Protect the embryo• Many ways of dispersal
• Two main groups– Gymnosperms ‘naked seeds’ produce seeds
in cones. Examples Pines, Spruce etc.– Angiosperms ‘flowering plants’ produce
seeds in the fruit of the plant.
Gymnosperms• Classified into 4 divisions• Needle like LEAVES• Produce SEEDS on cones
PINE
GINKO
DIVISION ANTHOPHYTAAngiosperms
• Flowering plants• Complex diverse group• Produce seeds in fruit• Two sub classes
– Monocotyledon (MONOCOTS)– Dicotyledon (DICOT)
MONOCOT• One seed leaf• Parallel veins• Vascular tissue scattered• Flower parts in THREES (petals,
anthers,etc)• Usually herbaceous, grains• Examples: Corn, wheat, rice
CORN
Dicot• Two seed leaves• Netted veins• Flower parts in
fours and fives or multiples of
• Usually woody plants and trees
• Examples: trees, fruits & vegetables
Two halves
• Roots anchor and absorb water and minerals
• Stems provide support and contain vascular tissues (xylem & phloem)
Dicot RootMonocot Root
Dicot Stem
Monocot Stem
• Leaves site of PHOTOSYNTHESIS• Petals leaf-like structure of flowers• Stamens male reproductive structure• Anther contains pollen grains (male gamete)• Pistil female reproductive structure• Stigma attracts pollen grains• Ovary where the ovules (female gamete)
develop and fertilization occurs• Fruits contain seeds (plant embryo)• Flowers contain the reproductive structures
for flowering plants
FLOWER STRUCTURE
Uses for PLANTS• Agriculture • Chemicals• Spices• Lumber• Fuel
• Flowers• Medicine• Silviculture• Vegetable• Horticulture
Types of Plants• Herbaceous=die in Fall, sprout in Spring• Woody=remain and grow each year• Annuals=produce seed one season
(Cereal, grains, annual flowers)• Biennials=take two years to produce
seeds (beets, carrots, cabbage)• Perennials=takes two years to establish
roots, shoots come up in the spring(lilies, irises, trees, shrubs, vines)