Plantae By Kevin Yudkin (your herbalist for this morning)
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Transcript of Plantae By Kevin Yudkin (your herbalist for this morning)
![Page 1: Plantae By Kevin Yudkin (your herbalist for this morning)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649e6b5503460f94b69940/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plantae
By Kevin Yudkin
(your herbalist for this morning)
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A plant is…
• Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Autotroph • Sessile
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Plants evolved from green algae (Protista)
• Contain chlorophyll a+b
• Fossil evidence
(440 000 000 years ago)
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Adaptations which allowed plants to grow on land:
• Cuticle – waxy covering to prevent water loss
• Modified leaves (Shapes & Stomata)
• Roots – take in water and anchor the plant
• Stem – support for growth and food storage
• Vascular development – transport food and water
• Seed development – protects gametes
• Alteration of generations (Sporophyte & Gametophyte)
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Phylogeny of plants
• Non-Seed Plants – require moist environment for reproduction (spores)
• Liverworts• Hornworts• Mosses• Whisk ferns• Club mosses• Horsetails• Ferns
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Phylogeny of plants (cont.)
LiverwortMoss
FernWhisk fern
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Phylogeny of plants (cont.)
Club Moss
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Phylogeny of plants (cont.)
Horse Tail
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Seedless & Non-vascular
• Bryophytes (Liverworts, hornworts, & mosses)
• Do not have TRUE leaves, stem, or roots
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Seedless & Vascular
• Psilophyta (Whisk ferns)
• Lycophyta (Club mosses)
• Arthrophyta (Horsetails)
• Pterophyta (Ferns)
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Seed Plants
• can survive in dry environments
• Divided into Gymnosperms {Naked seeds}
• Angiosperms
• Cycadophyta (Cycads – produce male & female cones)
• Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo – seeds on female trees smell really bad)
• Coniferophyta (Conifers)• Anthophyta (Flowering /
fruit plants (250 000 species)
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Picture of Seed Plants
CYCAD cones
CYCAD GINKO
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Picture of seed plants
Confiners
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Prevention of water loss
• Cuticle• Stomata
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Photosynthesis
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Chloroplasts
• organelle of photosynthesis
• Grana - an inner membrane system arranged in neat stacks
• Stroma - The matrix of the chloroplast connecting grana
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Reaction sites
• Light reactions in the grana
• Calvin Cycle in the stroma
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In the Grana (Light Reaction)
• Water (H2O) splits into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2) due to sunlight
• Oxygen released as a waste product
• ADP changed to ATP
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In the Stroma (Dark Reaction)
• Hydrogen (H2) bonds to carbon dioxide (CO2) forming glucose (C6H12O6)
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Water and Food Transport
• Xylem – moves water• Phloem – moves food
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Plant life cycle
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Plant reproduction
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Flower Structures
• Sepals • Outermost structures of
the flower• Typically green, may be
colored or in some cases may be absent
• Make up calyx• Petals • Internal to the sepals• May be white or colored• Make up the corolla
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Flower Structure Cont.• Stamens • Internal to the petals• Consists of a filament and
anther which contains the pollen grains
• Pollen grains produce the male gametes
• Pistil • Found in the center of the
flower• Consists of three parts; the
ovary, style, & stigma • Ovary contains "seedlike"
structures called ovules• Ovules contain the female
gametes
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Plant Structures
• The Root • Anchor the plant • Absorb & transport nutrients & water • Store food • The Stem • Produce & support new leaves,
branches, and flowers• Place them in positions where they
can function most efficiently• Transport materials to and from the
roots• Store food• Carry on photosynthesis• Reproduce new plants
• The Leaf • Intercept light with greater surface
area• Exchange gases• Provide a site for photosynthesis• Store food & water• Provide support • Form new plants• Release heat through stomata• The Flower • Sexual reproduction unit • Produces and houses gametes (sex
cells) • Attract pollinators• Plants utilize many agents for
transporting pollen from one flower to another
• Wind, Water, Insects, Birds, Bats
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Plant structure
• The Fruit • Upon fertilization, the ovary
begins developing into a fruit and the ovules into seeds. The function of the fruit is to aid in the dispersal of the seeds.
• The Seed • Serves as the unit of dispersal
for the new plant• Provides protection from injury
and drying • Provides some nourishment
for the young plant until it can make its own food