GOWTHAMI R

Characterized by two unique properties :

Differentiation – capacity to differentiate into

other cell types

Self-renewal – ability to go through

numerous cycles & cell divisions while maintaining the undifferentiated

state

Stem cells ….

Any cell that can proliferate in an undifferentiated state and can give rise

to differentiated cell or tissue types . Cells with the ability to divide for

indefinite periods in culture & can give rise to specialized cells or tissues

• Multipotent: ability of a single stem cell to develop intomore than one cell type of the (plant) body.

• Pluripotent: ability of a single stem cell to give rise to mostbut not all the various cell types that make up the body.

• Totipotent: a totipotent stem cell can give rise to all the celltypes that make up the body. Totipotency is the property ofa cell whereby it retains the potential of developing into acomplete adult organism. The ability of a cell to proceedthrough all the stages of development and, thus, to producea whole adult organism.

• Unipotent: a stem cell able to develop only one cell or tissuetype.

• Unlike humans, each plant-derived stem cell

(including embryonic & adult), exhibit totipotency (a

dedifferentiation process ) i.e., the potency to

regenerate into a whole plant

Unlike humans, each plant-derived stem cell (including

embryonic & adult), exhibit totipotency (a dedifferentiation

process ) i.e., the potency to regenerate into a whole plant

Plants stem cellsTYPES

1. Shoot apical meristem

2. Root apical meristem

Fig. Classical concept : Plant body is a product of founder cells (stem cells) located in

apical meristems. During zygotic embryogenesis, plants generate the pluripotent stem

cells (blue)

Extended concept : Somatic cells induced by various signals (stress related /

ecortype expression) to form single totipotent embryogenic stem cells that can

proliferate invitro giving rise to the plant body (SAM & RAM)

Stem cell maintenance

• The cells surrounding plant stem cell niches

located in the meristems provide signals to

maintain the stem cells in a undifferentiated

state

• QC cells express WUStranscription factor essentialfor maintaining the stem cellpool

• SAM stem cells express theCLV3 gene, and the secretedCLV3 protein counteractsWUS activity

• CLV3 with CLV1 and CLV2genes. Three CLV genes - ina feedback loop - restrictstem cell proliferation

Stem cell maintenance …

Types of human stem cells

• Embryonic stem cells found in blastocysts can grow and differentiate into

one of the more than 220 different cell types which make up the human

body

• Adult stem cells located in some adult tissues can only differentiate into

their own or related cell types. These cells act as a repair system for the

body but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs such

as blood, skin or intestinal tissues

• In the cosmetic field, scientists are focusing their research on adult stem

cells located in the skin. They are studying the potential of this type of

cells, their functioning and aging. These researches will help to

understand how to protect skin stem cells

Skin Barrier is Controlled by Epidermal Stem Cells

• The epidermis protects the organism from the environment

and external stress

• To perform this barrier function, the epidermis undergoes

constant maintenance, renewal and repair

• This process is ensured by essential cells, the adult

epidermal stem cells which are located in the basal layer, the

deepest layer of the epidermis

Role of Epidermal Stem Cells in the Skin Barrier Function

Environment and Aging Compromise the Skin Barrier

• Low temperatures, low humidity and abrupt environmental

changes impair the skin barrier

• With age, the skin renewal is slowed down and the production of

key barrier lipids is reduced

• stem cells from older donors have been found to be less effective

than those from younger ones

• Thus, both environmental factors and aging make , the skin

becomes more susceptible to environmental stress

• This results in a drier skin, wrinkling and accelerated aging

Skin stem cell properties

Differentiation - the capacity to differentiate

into other cell types of the same tissue

Self-renewal - the ability to go through

numerous cycles and cell divisions while

maintaining the undifferentiated state

Primary roles - replenish dying cells and

regenerate damaged tissues

Stem Cells and Aging

Stem cells have a limited life expectation

Environmental and intrinsic stress factors effect

stem cells

In aged skin the number and activity of stem cells is

reduced

Skin stem cells have to be protected and supported

todelay preliminary aging

Isolation of leontopodic acids A and B. Product has strong anti-collagenase and hyaluronidase activity, and helps to limit the degradation of important macromolecules in the skin.

Black Currant : Ribes nigrum

Family: Grossulariaceae

• Parts be used for plant stem cell

therapy Buds

• A natural cortisone present in

blackcurrants plant so it helps

Adrenal stimulant which awakens

all bodily functions.

• Helps in maintaining

cardiovascular health, ageing and

brain health, urinary tract health

and healthy vision.

(Halverson et.al 2002)

Walnut : Juglans regia

Family: Juglandaceae

• This bud is a for Diabetes by

normalizing the enzymes and

insulin production also the

secretion of pancreatic juice.

• Antiviral to Hepatitis C,

Antibiotic (anti-streptococcus)

• Stimulates the production of

immunoglobulin.(Said O, Fulder 2007)

Oriental Plane Tree – Platanus orientalis

Family: Platanaceae

• Buds

• Kaempferol can help to fight

cancer because it reduces the

resistance of cancer cells to

anti-cancer drugs such as

vinblastine and paclitaxel.

Mitrocotsa et al., 1999

Yew tree -Taxus baccata

Family :Taxaceae

• Grown stem cells from a yew tree

whose bark is a natural source of the

anticancer compound paclitaxel.

• Taxol is an important treatment for

ovarian , lung cancer, head and neck

cancer, renal, prostrate, colon, cervix,

gastric and pancreatic cancers. Catriona Kelly(2010)

Fig – Ficus caricaFamily: Moraceae

• Part Used: Buds

• Ficin is helpful in producing

digestive gastric juices, and

people with a shortage of

gastric juices or suffering

from indigestion

Olive – Olea Europaea

Family: Oleaceae

• Young Shoots

• The antioxidants

phytochemicals

Hydroxytyrosol and

Oleuropen.

• Lowers blood pressure and

thereby helps prevent angina.

• Protects them against UV

induced skin damage and

inhibits colon carcinoma.Juan and Wenzel, 2006

Centella asiatica

Leontopodium alpinum

Plants Parts be used Phytochemical

Constituents

Uses in stem cell

therapy

Beech – Fagus

sylvatica Buds

3-O-( -D-

xylopyranosyl)

taxifolin, 4-

(acetoxymethyl)

phenyl- -D-

glucopyranoside,

Reduces Cholesterol,

Hepatitis A-B & C,

diabetes mellitus

Raspberry – Rubus

idaeus

Young Shoots Alpha-Tocopherol,

Geraniol,

Kaempferol,

Quercetin

anti-carcinogen

against cancer

Wayfaring Tree –

Viburnum lantana

Buds Viburnine, Vicianose,

Vibsanin O.

Asthmatic, Inhibits

the bronchospasm

cough

Bilberry – Vaccinium

myrtillus Young shoots

Anthocyanidins,

Arbutin, Asperuloside,

Astragalin, , Beta-

Amyrin, Beta-

Carotene,

Caryophyllene,

Catechin,, Citric-Acid

glaucoma, cataracts,

prevent urinary tract

infections

http://plantstemcells.wikispaces.com

Intestines:Cowberry young shoots (Vaccinium vitis idaea)European Alder buds (Alnus glutinosa)Fig buds (Ficus carica)Rosemary young shoots (Rosmarinus officinalis)Kidney:White birch rootlets (Betula pubescens)Juniper young shoots (Juniperus communis)Silver Birch sap (Betula verrucosa)Horsetail young shoots (Equisetum arvense)Bladder:Cowberry young shoots (Vaccinium vitis idaea)Horsetail young shoots (Equisetum arvense)

Skin:Elm buds (Ulmus campestris)Cedar of Lebanon young shoots (Cedrus Libani)Horsetail young shoots (Equisetum arvense)

Lungs:Wayfaring tree buds (Viburnum lantana)Hazel buds (Corylus avellana)

Lymphatics:Sweet Chestnut buds (Castanea vesca)Silver Birch sap (Betula verrucosa)Crab apple buds (Malus sylvestris)

Liver:Rosemary young shoots (Rosmarinus officinalis)Juniper young shoots (Juniperus communis)

Stomach:Fig buds (Ficus carica)European alder buds (Alnus glutinosa)

Pancreas:Walnut buds (Juglans regia)Linden tree buds (Tilia tomentosa)Fig buds (Ficus carica)

Heart:Hawthorn buds (Crataegus oxycantha)Dogwood buds (Cornus sanguinea)Lilac buds (Syringa vulgaris)

Applications of plant Stem cells in Cosmetics

• Stimulate human stem cell growth.

• Maintains the self renewal capacity of stem cells.

• Increases longevity of human skin stem cells.

• Delays senescence of essential cells.

• Combat chronological aging.

• Preserve the youthful look and the vitality of skin .

• Protect stem cells from death due to UV overexposure.

• Protects human skin stem cells from stress, thus decreasing wrinkles and producing younger, fresher-looking skin.

• Stem cells of an old apple cultivar - applyingplant cell culture technique.

• The extract shown to enhance the viability ofumbilical cord blood stem cells,

To reverse senescence signs in humanfibroblast cells

To increase lifespan of isolated human hairfollicles.

• PhytoCellTech™ Malus Domestica, acosmetic ingredient based on encapsulatedextract of cultured apple stem cells, wastested in a clinical trial over 4 weeks with 20subjects.

• This new ingredient was found tosignificantly reduce wrinkles in the crow’sfeet area.

Alpine rose Rhododendron ferrugineum

• Evergreen plant which

grows at high altitudes

(2000 m) in the Alps

• Its leaves have adapted

to cold and dryness

• Recommended use

level: 0.4 – 1%

Protective Compounds to Support Skin Barrier

• polyphenolic compounds

• antioxidant

• radical scavenging properties

• presence of hyperoside, myricetin, kaempferol, quercetin

and taxifolin.

• anti-inflammatory effects

Phytocelltec™ Alp Rose to Enhance the Skin Barrier

• PhytoCellTec™ Alp Rose is a powder based of the stem

cells of alpine rose leaves.

• Its leaves have adapted to cold, dryness and UV, so that

it can resist these harsh environmental conditions and

fast changes

• Contain special epigenetic factors and metabolites

which are able to preserve the human skin stem cells

function

PhytoCellTec™ Alp Rose Process

Wounding of plant leaf to induce callus formation

▼

Harvesting of developed callus on solid media

▼

Cultivation until complete dedifferentiation to obtain stem cells

▼

Transfer of the stem cells into a suspension (liquid media)

▼

Adaptation to cold

▼

Disruption of the stem cells wall and encapsulation

of their content into liposome (Liposomal extract)

Preparation ofthe Alp Rosestem cells

Exposure to low temperatures

Preparation ofPhytoCellTec™Alp Rose

Mechanism of PhytoCellTec™ Alp Rose

Claim Ideas for PhytoCellTec™ Alp Rose

• Maintenance and protection of epidermal stem cell function

• Protection of the skin against harsh environmental conditions

• Protection of the skin barrier

• Anti-wrinkle effect

Protect Skin Stem Cells against UV-induced Aging

• UV radiation is responsible for 80 % of face aging

• Despite the use of sun filters, toxins and oxidants are generated

by UV in the skin

• It affects the most sensitive cells like epidermal stem cells

• PhytoCellTec™ Solar Vitis is based on the stem cells of the Gamay

Teinturier Freaux grape. its red flesh and juice due to the

extremely high anthocyanin content

• Anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants and free radical

scavengers. They act as a “sunscreen“ by absorbing UV radiation

Skin Stem Cells and UV Stress

PhytoCellTec™ Solar Vitis against UV stress

• The epidermal stem cells were

treated with and without the Solar

Vitis stem cell extract.

• One part of the cells were exposed to

UVA+UVB-light at 450 kJ/m2 and

another part is not exposed to UV

• The Capacity to Form a Colony (CFE)

was determined

PhytoCellTec™ Malus domestica

• A rare Swiss apple (Uttwiler spatlauber) is an endangered apple variety

with excellent storability

• Various studies demonstrated its age delaying and anti-wrinkle effects

• Recommended concentrations: 2 – 5 %

• Protects longevity of skin stem cells

• Delays senescence of essential cells

• Combats chronological aging

• Preserves the youthful look and the vitality of your skin

Anti-Wrinkle Effect

• An emulsion containing 2% of PhytoCellTec™ Malus

Domestica was applied twice daily for 28 days to the

crow’s feet

• Wrinkle depth was determined by means of PRIMOS

(phase-shifting rapid in vivo measurement of skin)

• Results showed a significant and visible decrease in

wrinkle depth for 100 % of the subjects

Anti-wrinkle effect

Plant stem cell products

STEM CELL ACTIVATOR

with 20% Plant Stem Cells

It’s all about PERCENTAGE

It’s all about SYNERGY

PhytoCellTec Malus Domestica (Swiss Apple) -20% Plant Stem Cells

+Phytosteron - Wild Yam and Soy Bean Sterols

Plant stem cell cream

Lancome Paris Absolue Precious Cells Advanced Regenerating and Reconstructing Cream SPF15

Amore Pacific IOPE Plant Stem Cell Skin Renewal Eye Cream

Price: $150 Price: $60

Plant stem cell cream

emerginC protocell bio-active stem cell face cream.

Price: $90

Serious Skin Care Replicate Renew Plant Stem Cell Double Power Concentrate

Price: $46.50

Biotechnological Applications of Plant Stem

Cells

• Micropropagation is one of the first major

areas benefited by advances in stemcell

research.

• Stemcell biology can help in the isolation of

critical mass of stem cell explant and

meristem for virus free clones and multiply

faster.

Cont…..

• Germplasm conservation of important

species, endangered species and

commercially exploitable species can be

visualized by this stemcell research.

• Identification and utilization of vigorous

planting material in elite cultivars may be

aided.

Advantage of PSC

Biodiversity

Eco-friendly

• Very little water used for culture

Consumer Safety

• No pesticides, herbicides

• No heavy metals

• No genetic modification