Plant Reproduction

Chapter 30

Reproductive Structures of Flowering Plants

Flowers are the reproductive shoots of angiosperm sporophytes

Spores that form by meiosis inside flowers develop into haploid

gametophytes

Pollination

Pollination: The transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma

Why is Pollination Important?

Sexual reproduction is important for evolution: Sexual reproduction produces variable

offspring You need variation for Natural Selection to occur Sexual reproduction is advantageous to an

organism only if it happens with someone other than itself!

Strategies to Avoid Self-Pollination

strategies to avoid self-pollination:• Timing – • Morphological – • Biochemical

Flowers and Their Pollinators

Sexual reproduction in plants involves transfer of pollen, usually from one plant to another

Flowering plants coevolved with pollinators such as insects, birds, or other animals

Pollen Distribution

Wind- not efficient and not spp. specific Animals• Insects• Birds• Mammals• Reptiles• amphibians

Day and Night Pollinators

Attracting Pollinators

Smelly!!

Carrion plant (Amorphophallus titanum)

zygote in seed (2n)

fertilization DIPLOID

Fig. 30-3, p. 509

mature sporophyte

(2n)germination

meiosis in anther

meiosis in ovary

HAPLOID

eggs (n) sperm (n)

male gametophyte (n)

female gametophyte (n) Stepped Art

microspores (n)

megaspores (n)

Life Cycle: Eudicot

Fruits

• A mature, seed-containing ovary, that develop from other parts of a flower

Fruits function to protect and disperse seeds

Artificial pollination-