PLANT BASED PROTEINS

AMINA P.E.

Ist M.Sc. BPS

Contents

Soy ProteinCotton Seed protein Rape seed protein

INTRODUCTION

Proteins are natural, renewable, and biodegradable polymers which have attracted considerable attention in recent years in terms of advances in genetic engineering, eco-friendly materials, and novel composite materials based on renewable sources.

Proteins, as naturally occurring polymers, are importantrenewable resources produced by animals, plants, and bacteria. ZIn terms of potential sources of materials, soy protein, zein, and wheat proteins (WP) are among the main plant proteins

Soy Protein

SOY PROTEIN

o The soybean plant called ‘ The Gold that Grows ’ , originated in China, has attracted attention in recent years because of its versatile uses.

o Soybeans contain approximately

>42 per cent protein,

>20 per cent oil,

>33 per cent carbohydrates,

>and 5 per cent ash on a dry basis.

The storage soy protiens consisit of a mixture of protiens α, β, and γ conglycinin, glycinin, and other globulins ranging in molecular weight from about 140 to 300 kDa and differing in physicochemical and other properties.

Process for Preparing soybean Protein concentrate

Once the oil is extracted, the protein level of the defatted solids, known as “meal”.

Processing of soybean involve to major industries

>Soybean crushing

>Protein ingredient processing

During crushing the beans are usually dried or heated to loosen the hull and cracked into 6-8 pieces

Aspirating and screening then separate the hull from the cotyledon pieces

The cotyledon pieces are heated and then flaked with roller mills.

The flakes are extracted with hexane to reduce oil content to less than 1%.

the amount of heat, moisture and time used to evaporates the solvent from the meal affect the solubility of the meal protein.

A flash desolventizer uses low moisture and shorter heat exposure to produce soy protein ingredients with high water solubility

Flash desolventization produces meal known as white flakes in which 85% of the protein soluble.

The bulk of soy protein concentrate is produced by extracting white flakes with 50-60% aq. Alcohol, 60% ethanol often preferred.

The most highly refined soy protein products commercially available are protein isolate being more than 90% protein.

Native Soy protein

Maximum tensile strength- 41MPa with molding temperature 160°C and moisture level 11.2%.

Plastic made from soy concentrate can have tensile strength slightly higher than those made from soy isolate

Properties

Modification of soy protein

Acid treatment

Acetylation

Cross linking

Esterification etc.

Application

Food uses:

>Salad dressings

>Soups

>Meat Analogues

>Beverage powders

>Cheeses etc.

Functional Uses:

>Adhesives

>Resins

>Cosmetics

>Paints

>Coatings etc.

Cotton seed protein

The cotton seed protein consist of

>20% protein

>20% oil

>and 3.5% starch

The cotton seed meal is a good source of protein. There are two types of meal extraction process

>Solvent extraction

>Mechanical Extraction process

Applications

It produces both food for animal and man

Versatile fiber for clothing

Home furnishing

Cosmetics

Industrial uses

Rape seed protein

The seed from the rape seed plant are 1.5-3.2mm in diameter

Weigh- 2.5-6.5g

Protein content- 15-18%

Fiber content 31-35%

Its mainly present in the cell wall

The essential amino acids present in the rape seed protein are

>Arginine

>Isoleutile

>Leutile

>lysin

>Phenyl alanin

>Valin

>Histidine

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