PLANT NUTRITION

Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences

VOLUME 92

The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.

Plant Nutrition

Food security and sustainability of agro-ecosystems through basic andapplied research

Edited by

W.J. HorstUniversity of Hannover,Hannover, Germany

M.K. SchenkUniversity of Hannover,Hannover, Germany

A. BürkertUniversity of Kassel,Witzenhausen, Germany

N. ClaassenUniversity of Göttingen,Göttingen, Germany

H. FlessaUniversity of Göttingen,Göttingen, Germany

W.B. FrommerUniversity of Tübingen,Tübingen, Germany

H. GoldbachUniversity of Bonn,Bonn, Germany

H.-W. OlfsPflanzenernährung und Umweltforschung,Hydro Agri,Dülmen, Germany

V. RömheldUniversity of Hohenheim,Stuttgart, Germany

B. SattelmacherUniversity of Kiel,Kiel, Germany

U. SchmidhalterTU München,Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany

S. SchubertUniversity of

Germany

N. v. WirénUniversity of Tübingen,Tübingen, Germany

L. WittenmayerUniversity of Halle-Wittenberg,Halle, Germany

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Dordrecht

Contents

Local Organising Committee

Symposium Conveners

Sponsors

International Council on Plant Nutrition

Preface

Plenary papers

Plant nutrition: Its role in sustainability of simple and complex agro-ecosystemsM. van Noordwijk

Plant nutrition research: Priorities to meet human needs for food in sustainable waysI. Cakmak

1. Genetics and molecular biology of plant nutrition

Molecular mechanisms of potassium and sodium transport in plantsJ. Schroeder, P. Buschmann, B. Eckelman, E. Kim, M. Sussman, N. Uozumi and P. Mäser

Molecular biology of inducible high-affinity nitrate transport in higher plantsG. Leggewie, B. G. Forde, K. Piepenburg and M. Udvardi

Genetic engineering of transgenic rice with barley strategy-II genesS. Mori, H. Nakanishi, M. Takahashi, K. Higuchi and N.-K. Nishizawa

Isolation and characterisation of Arabidopsis mutants related to boron nutritionT. Fujiwara, J. Takano, M. Yasumori, M. Kobayashi, Z. Gajdos, K. Noguchi, N. Aoki, H. Hayashi, S. Naitoand M. Chino

Phosphorus transport mechanisms in vascular plants: Supply meets complementarityC. Rausch, P. Daram, S. Brunner, N. Amrhein and M. Bucher

Molecular characterization of the effects of phosphorus on the development of root hairs inArabidopsisL. Herrera-Estrella, J. Lopez-Bucio and C. Grierson

Confirmation and characterization of a major QTL for P uptake in riceM. Wissuwa and N. Ae

Regulatory levels of ammonium transport in response to varied N nutrition in tomatoS. Wilken, P. Walch-Liu, W. Jost, I. Borel, W. B. Frommer and N. von Wirén

Identification of members of the MIP family as urea transporters in Arabidopsis thalianaL. H. Liu and N. von Wirén

N use efficieny and amino acid transport in rape (Brassica napus L.)J. Tilsner and G. Lohaus

Overexpression of an endogenous citrate synthase gene in tobaccoF. U. Hoeren, A. E. Richardson, P. Hocking, E. Delhaize

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Isolation and characterization of white lupin proteoid root expressed sequence tags (ESTs) associatedwith plant hormonesC. Uhde-Stone, A. Li, M. J. H. Daemen, D. L Allan and C. P. Vance

Cloning and characterization of two secreted acid phosphatases from rice calliT. Fukuda, M. Osaki, T. Shinano and J. Wasaki

Characterization of secretory acid phosphatase gene of lupin roots and the transformation of the geneinto tobacco plantsJ. Wasaki, H. Dateki, T. Shinano, M. Osaki, and T. Tadano

Function of the sulfate transporter Sultr2;1 in seeds of Arabidopsis thalianaM. Awazuhara, H. Takahashi, A. Watanabe-Takahashi, H. Hayashi, T. Fujiwara, K. Saito

Using macroarrays containing sugarcane ESTs to identify aluminium-induced genes in maizeJ. Felix, R. D. Duarte, R. A. Jorge, P. Arruda and M. Menossi

Physiological characterisation of genes contributing to enhanced aluminium resistance in yeastA. Staß and E. Delhaize

Effect of citrate overproduction on iron nutrition in plantsV. Ramírez- Rodríguez, M. F. Nieto-Jacobo, J. López-Bucio and L. Herrera-Estrella

Production of citrate-overproducing transgenic maizeA. L. Stival da Silva, D. Becke and H. Lörz

Isolation and characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants sensitive to boron deficiencyJ. Takano, K. Noguchi, H. Hayashi and T. Fujiwara

Molecular analysis of nicotianamine synthesis in Strategy I and II plants.N. K. Nishizawa, K. Higuchi, K. Suzuki, S. Watanabe, D. Mizuno, H. Nakanishi and S. Mori

Fe sensing in Arabidopsis thalianaK. I. Köhl, V. Römheld and T. Altmann

Increased iron efficiency in transgenic plants due to ectopic expression of nicotianamine synthaseD. Douchkovl,, R. Hell, U. W. Stephan and H. Bäumlein

Heavy-metal tolerant transgenic plants - Expression of the yeast metallothionein gene CUP1 in plantsand evaluation of heavy-metal tolerance in transgenic plants at the stage of callusM. Watanabe, I. Hasegawa, A. Noguchi and J. Yazaki

Molecular insights into maize Na+/H+ antiportC. Zörb, J. Wiese and S. Schubert

Nitrogen efficiency of contrasting rape ideotypesF. Wiesler, T. Behrens and W. J. Horst

Effect of drought stress and drought tolerance heredity on nitrogen efficiency of winter wheatX. L. Fan and Y. K. Li

Genotypic variation in morphological traits of barley as affected by nitrogen supplyJ. A. Okeno

Sorghum nitrogen use efficiency in colombiaJ. H. Bernal, G. E. Navas and R. B. Clark

Nitrogen uptake and remobilization in maize hybrids differing in leaf senescenceG. Mi, J. Li, F. Chen, F. Zhang, Z. Cui and X. Liu

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Phosphorus (P) uptake efficiency of doubled haploid lines of spring wheat derived from parents withdifferent P uptake efficiencyY.-G. Zhu, S. E. Smith, N. K. Howes and F. A. Smith

Genetic variability in sorghum for P efficiency and responsivenessR. E. Schaffert, V. M. C. Alves, G. V. E. Pitta, A. F. C. Bahia and F. G. Santos

Variability in soybean germplasm for phosphorus uptake and use efficiency for dry matter yieldA. M. C. Furlani, P. R. Furlani, R. T. Tanaka, H. A. A. Mascarenhas and M. D. P. Delgado

Identification and interaction analysis of QTL for phosphorus use efficiency in wheat seedlingsC. Weidong, J. Jizeng and J. Jiyun

Inheritance of sulfur status in grain of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypesD. Simic, I. Brkic, V. Kovacevic and I. Kadar

Analysis of accumulation of mRNAs in response to S or Si nutrition using microarrayN. Ohkama, S. Watanabe, T. Yoneyama, H. Hayashi, and T. Fujiwara

Overcoming wheat sterility problem with boron efficiencyB. Rerkasem and S. Jamjod

Mapping of chromosome regions associated with increased vegetative zinc accumulation using abarley doubled haploid populationP. F. Lonergan, R. D. Graham, S. J. Barker and J. G. Paull

Characterisation of maize cultivars in their adaptation to acid soils on the single plant levelL. Collet and W. J. Horst

Differential response and genetic analysis of acidic stress tolerance, with particular reference toaluminium stress tolerance in triticaleX. G. Zhang, R. S. Jessop and F. Ellison

Influences of genotype and soil properties on corn potassium and magnesium statusV. Kovacevic, D. Banaj, M. Antunovic and G. Bukvic

Genetic variability in mineral accumulation of apple fruitR. K. Volz, P. A. Alspach, A. G. White and I. B. Ferguson

Genetic variation in rubber tree progenies: Macronutrients contentsR. C. M. Furlani, E. Furlani Jr., R. C. Moreira and M. L. T. Moraes

Genetic differences for nutrients utilization efficiencies in winter triticale and spring wheatand T. Oracka

2. Nutrient functions

Possible functions of copper ions in cell wall looseningS. C. Fry, J. G. Miller and J. C. Dumville

Inhibitor-dependent stimulation of photosynthetic electron transport by far-red light in NO3- - andNH4+ -grown plants of Phaseolus vulgaris L.K. Schinner, B. Sattelmacher and U.-P. Hansen

A role for stomatal conductance in nitrogen-limited growth?I. G. Burns, M. A. Escobar-Gutierrez and A. J. Broadley

Importance of FeIII reduction in the apoplast for meristematic growth and chlorosisK. Mengel and H. Kosegarten

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Recent advances on boron in wheat reproduction - A mini-reviewL. Huang, R. W. Bell and B. Dell

How to include mineral nutrition in crop growth models? The example of phosphorus on maizeS. Pellerin and A. Mollier

Influence of Mo on the metabolism of nitrogen in winter wheat cultivars with different Mo efficiencyM. Yu, C. X. Hu and Y. H. Wang

Regulation of growth by phosphorus supply in whole tomato plantsC. C. de Groot, L. F. M. Marcelis, R van den Boogaard and H. Lambers

The effect of sulphur deficiency on ion accumulation with special reference to 15N and 35S transportin chickpea.Md. Badruddin and J. L. Karmoker

Determination of Mn and Cu efficiency of crop plants in pot experimentsR. Krähmer and B. Sattelmacher

Cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS : posttranslational regulation and role in nitrogen remobilizationfrom leaves of non-transgenic and GS1 –over-expressing oilseed rape plantsJ. K. Schjoerring, C. Möllers and J. Finnemann

Effect of nitrogen supply on individual kernel weight and 14C partitioning in kernels of maize duringlag phase and grain fillingI. A. Paponov, Y. V. Bondarenko, G. Neumann and C. Engels

Dynamic of root uptake of ammonium and nitrate by pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees after growthresumption in springD. Malaguti, M. Tagliavini, A. Masia, B. Marangoni, P. Gioacchini, L. Vittori Antisari and P. Millard

Nitrogen nutrition of bromeliadsL. Endres and H. Mercier

Cytokinin, nitrate reductase, and nitric oxide (NO): New insights into regulatory processes innitrogen metabolismN. N. Tun, A. Holk and G. F. E. Scherer

Induction and growth of potato tubers as affected by nitrateG. Maeck and J. Schjørring

Regulation of the accumulation of of in nitrogen starved soybean (Glycinemax L.) seed by amino acids and organic acidsN. Ohtake, S. Okano, T. Kawachi, H. Fujikake, K. Sueyoshi and T. Ohyama

Effects of long-term and short-term supply of NO3- or NH4+ on Cytokinin levels and leaf expansionrate in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Moneymaker)Y. S. Rahayu, P. Walch-Liu, G. Neumann, N. v. Wirén, V. Römheld and F. Bangerth

Nitrate availability influence on the growth components of young peach treesS. Médiène, L. Pagés, M. O. Jordan, S. Adamowicz and J. Le Bot

Induction of protein markers in tomato by calcium deficiencyL. Baboulene, P. Morard, J. Silvestre, G. Dechamp-Guillaume and G. Barrault

Effects of temperature, relative humidity and light on the absorption and translocation of 45Ca in thegrafted tomato seedlingsH. D. Chung and Y. J. Choi

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Calcium localization in root cells, phosphorylation and water transport of root system influenced bylow root temperatureS. H. Lee, G. C. Chung and B. H. Cho

A simple method for studying the early effects of nutrient deficiencies on root metabolism in small-seeded plantsK. A. Schuller and S. Cu

Influence of phosphate fertilisation on the mineral nutrition and yield of barley on a soil with lowplant-available phosphorusP. Castillon

Phosphate deficiency induced oxidative stress in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)I. M. Juszczuk, M. Malusa and A. M. Rychter

Chlorosis induced by iron deficiency is more severe in gibberellin-deficient dwarf plantsH. Sekimoto, A. Kato, T. Nomura and T. Yokota

Inhibited leaf growth of plants grown in alkaline solution and on calcareous soils is a more sensitiveFe-deficiency symptom than leaf chlorosisB. Gruber and H. Kosegarten

The influence of IAA and TIBA on iron concentration of maize seedlingsL. Lévai and B. Kovács

Assimilation and translocation of Mn applied to the leaf surface of barley grown at different Mn-deficiency levelsS. Husted, S. Mattsson and M. Brockstedt

Rapid responses of cytoskeleton to short-term boron deprivation in maize and zucchini root apicesQ. Yu, F. Baluška, D. Volkmann and H. Goldbach

Short-term boron deprivation induces increased levels of cytoskeletal proteins in Arabidopsis rootsQ. Yu, R. Wingender, M. Schulz, F. Baluška and H. Goldbach

Characteristics of boron uptake in roots of sunflower by a putative boron transporterF. Dannel, H. Pfeffer, P. Walch-Liu and V. Römheld

Characterization of the boron compartmentation in roots of sunflower using two independentapproachesH. Pfeffer, F. Dannel, P. Walch-Liu and V. Römheld

Effect of boron deficiency on the growth and carbohydrate metabolism of cottonD. M. Oosterhuis and D. Zhao

The role of boron in below-ground and above-ground growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) treesand seedlingsM. Möttönen, T. Lehto and P. J. Aphalo

Adaptive strategy of plants for survival under N, P, K limitationT. S. Shirvani, A. D. Samedova, Sh. G. Jangirova, Kh. L. Salayeva, I. T. Piriyev and N. B. Huseinova

Characterization of Brassica napus L. lines showing differences in total sulfur contents and cysteinedesulfhydrase activities on the molecular levelP. Burandt, J. Papenbrock, A. Schmidt, E. Bloem, S. Haneklaus and E. Schnug

Effects of silicon nutrition on metabolism and translocation of nutrients in rice plantsS. Watanabe, T. Fujiwara, T. Yoneyama and H. Hayashi

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Influence of zeastimulin and laser irradiation on the contents of mineral elements in Zea mays L.seedlingsN. D. Romaniuk, G. M. Buchko, N. M. Buchko and O. I. Terek

Influence of aluminium from AlCl3 on differentiation and growth of Dendrobium kingianum Bidwillin in vitro conditionsR.

3. Nutrient uptake and translocation: Ion channels and ion pumps

Roles of pumps, carriers and channels in plant cation nutritionD. Sanders

Involvement of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in nitrate uptake by maize genotypesG. Locci, S. Santi, R. Monte, R. Pinton and Z. Varanini

Adaptation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase of proteoid roots of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) tophosphorus deficiencyF. Yan, Y. Zhu, C. Müller and S. Schubert

The sulphate transporter gene familyM. J. Hawkesford and P. Buchner

Permeability and channel-mediated transport of boric acid across plant membranes. An explanationfor differential B uptake in plantsC. Dordas and P. H. Brown

Two pieces of the zinc efficiency puzzle: Root-Zn influx and Zn compartmentation in the shootG. Hacisalihoglu and J. Hart

A metal-binding LEA protein trafficks micronutrients in the phloem of Ricinus communis L.C. Krüger, R. Hell and U. W. Stephan

VIC channels: Their contribution to mineral element uptake and toxicityM. R. Broadley and P. J. White

Influence of membrane surface charge on nutrient uptake by plantsR. J. Reid, Q. Zhang and H. Sekimoto

Interaction of ion-transport mechanisms at the plasmalemma of plant cellsA. I. Sokolik, Zh. Visotskaya, E. Krytynskaya and V. Yurin

Adaptive mechanisms in response to external sulfate deprivation before onset of intracellular sulfurstarvationR. Jost, C. Bork and R. Hell

Effect of calcium channel blocker on the growth dynamics of plants studied by laser interferenceauxanometryN. V. Budagovskaya and V. I. Guliaev

Mechanism of nitrogen release from roots of intact wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.)E. Rroço, H. Kosegarten and K. Mengel

Identification of organic forms of nitrogen in soils and possible direct uptake by plantsS. Matsumoto, Yamagata M., Koga, N. and Ae N.

Effects of N deprivation and nitrate pulses on NRT1 and NRT2 transcript levels and nitrate influxrate in Brassica napus L.S. Faure, E. Le Deunff, P. Lainé, J. H. Macduff and A. Ourry

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Evidence for direct organic nitrogen uptake by plants using specific tracer proteinsN. Koga, M. Yamagata, S. Matsumoto and N. Ae

Assimilation and remobilization of 15N by Pisum sativumS. Atta, and S. Maltese

Allocation of 11C-labelled photosynthates in wheat plantsG. W. Roeb

Distribution of micronutrients in maize grain and their mobilisation during germinationN. Bityutskii, S. Magnitski, I. Lapshina, E. Lukina, A. Soloviova and V. Patsevitch

Effect of nitrogen form on water, N, and K uptake of Phaseolus vulgaris L. grown in a split-rootsystemS. Guo, H. Brück, J. Gerendás and B. Sattelmacher

Bottle-necks for nutrient acquisition of maize at low root temperaturesC. Engels, A. Sponner and G. Zglimbea

Retranslocation of zinc from older leaves to younger leaves and roots in wheat cultivars differing inzinc efficiencyB. Erenoglu1,, V. Römheld and I. Cakmak

Retranslocation of Zn from leaves as important factor for zinc efficiency of rice genotypesR. Hajiboland, B. Singh and V. Römheld

Release of water-dissolved nitrous oxide by plants: Does the transpiration water flow contribute tothe emission of dissolved N2O by sunflower?N. J. Ferch and V. Römheld

Sugar palm, a novel model plant for phloem sap analysisA. Watanabe, S. Nakamura, H. Hattori and M. Chino

Nutrient concentrations of phloem sap of aromatic coconut grown under various nutrient conditionsP. Chongpraditnun, P. Limsmuthchaiporn, H. Hattori, S. Nakamura, A. Watanabe and M. Chino

Detection of antioxidant enzyme activities in the phloem sap of sugar palmS. Nakamura, A. Watanabe, H. Hattori and M. Chino

Chemical movements in the above-ground part of Japanese morning-glory (Ipomoea nil) duringfloweringN. Ikeue, T. M. Nakanishi and H. Hayashi

4. The role of the apoplast in plant mineral nutrition

What mutations and alterations in pectins might tell us about architecture and function in plant cellwallsN. C. Carpita

Apoplastic pH in roots of Lupinus angustifolius L. in response to pH > 6Q. Yu, C. Tang and J. Kuo

The leaf apoplast: a central compartment in plant nitrogen utilisationJ. K. Schjoerring, N. Pearson, S. Husted, K. Høier Nielsen and M. Mattsson

Can leaf apoplastic manganese and silicon concentrations explain Si-enhanced manganese toleranceof Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.?K. Iwasaki, M. Fecht, P. Maier and W. J. Horst

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Apoplastic factors regulate the AKT2/3-type potassium channelsR. Deeken, P. Ache, K. Philippar and R. Hedrich

Changes in the xylem sap composition and variations in the nutrient translocation rate of poplardependent on the nutrient supply and the time of the dayS. Siebrecht and R. Tischner

Engineering plants expressing calcium and pH indicators in the cytoplasm and the apoplastC. Plieth, B. Sattelmacher, A. J. Trewavas, U. P. Hansen, and M. R. Knight

The significance of the apoplast for the nutrient acquisition of ectomycorrhizal root systemsH. Bücking, A. J. Kuhn, W. H. Schröder and W. Heyser

Uptake of mineral cations into Bactris gasipaes roots and structure of the rhizodermisA. J. Kuhn, I. Göllnitz, S. Emmerich, W. H. Schröder, R. Lösch and R. Lieberei

Mechanism of silicon-mediated manganese tolerance of Cucumis sativus L.: Effect of silicon nutritionon manganese concentration in the intercellular washing fluidH. Rogalla and V. Römheld

Aluminium inhibits the apoplastic solute by-pass-flow in Zea mays L.M. Sivaguru, W. J. Horst, N. Schmohl, Z. Yang and H. Matsumoto

Cell-wall composition modulates aluminium toxicityN. Schmohl and W. J. Horst

Peroxidase activity in the leaf apoplast is a sensitive marker for Mn toxicity and Mn tolerance inVigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.M. Fecht, P. Maier and W. J. Horst

Cation-specific exchange capacity of cell wall material isolated from roots of plant species differing inAl resistanceM. Klein and W. J. Horst

Axial and lateral transport of calcium, magnesium and potassium in Ricinus communisK. W. T. Herdel, A. Kuhn, F. Gilmer, W. Schröder and U. Schurr

Nutrient transport in the xylem of intact plants - dirunal variation and response to nutrientavailabilityF. Gilmer, K. W. T. Herdel and U. Schurr

Nitrogenous compounds in the xylem sap affected by grapevine rootstocksB. P. Holzapfel, J. P. Smith, J. A. Wade and M. Keller

The role of the leaf apoplast in iron nutrition of plantsM. Nikolic and V. Römheld

Potassium transport in bundle sheath cells of maize and its role for plant nutritionM. Keunecke and U.-P. Hansen

Sugar metabolism in expanding husk leaf of flint corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes differing in husk leafsizeK. Fujita, H. El-Shemy, N. Sakurai and S. Sendo

Distribution of ions within leaves after application to the leaf bladeK. Hüve, D. Lüttschwager, R. Remus and W. Merbach

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5. Mineral nutrition: Plant quality and plant health

Impact of mineral nutrients in plants on human nutrition on a worldwide scaleR. M. Welch

Micronutrient interactions in humans: Setting goals for plant breeders and agronomistsR. D. Graham and R. M. Welch

Rice plant nutritional and human nutritional characteristics role in human Cd toxicityR. L. Chaney, P. G. Reeves and J. S. Angle

Influence of the field water management on accumulation of arsenic and cadmium in paddy riceD. Daum, K. Bogdan, M. K. Schenk and D. Merkel

Screening of genotypes with low cadmium content in soybean seed and rice grainsT. Arao and N. Ae

Influence of sulphur and nitrogen supply on flavour and health-affecting compounds in BrassicaceaeA. Krumbein, I. Schonhof, J. Rühlmann and S. Widell

Mother plant nutrition and growing conditions affect assimilates and emergence quality of hybridsweet pepper seedsG. Xu, U. Kafkafi, S. Wolf and Y. Sugimoto

Effect of nitrogen supply on yield and quality of broccoliR. Karitonas

Yield and quality of greenhouse lettuce as affected by form of N fertiliser and light supplyZ. Premuzic, A. Gárate and I. Bonilla

Relationship between oxalate synthesis and nitrate reduction in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plantstracing by 13C and 15NF. Tanaka, T. H. Kim and T. Yoneyama

Influence of N form (NO3- vs. NH4+) and salinity on tomato yield and fruit compositionM. Khamis, J. Abbadi, B. Sattelmacher, J. Gerendás and U. Kafkafi

Influence of N form on growth and water status of tomato plantsI. Lugert, J. Gerendás, H. Brück and B. Sattelmacher

Different water supply influences growth and fruit quality in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)U. Veit-Köhler, A. Krumbein and H. Kosegarten

Fruit growth and Ca and K accumulation in the fruits of tomato grown under a spectral filterS. J. Tabatabaei, P. Hadley and P. J. Gregory

Reduced N and K application increases the uptake of Ca and improves the quality of Poinsettia(Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotzsch).K. R. Starkey and N. E. Nielsen

Reduced phosphorus availability as a method to reduce chemical growth regulation and to improveplant qualityC. W. Hansen and K. L. Nielsen

Mineral nutrition in tissue culture: Influence on propagation and quality of the plantletsH. Bouman and A. Tiekstra

Effect of fertilisation schedules on sugar storage in roots of an ornamental shrub (Ligustrumovalifolium).V. Guérin, M. Salaün, L. Thélier-Huché and S. Charpentier

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Absorption, storage and mobilisation of nitrogen and phosphorus in an ornamental shrub (Ligustrumovalifolium) during a two year fertilisation experiment.L. Huché-Thélier, V. Guérin, M. Salaün and S. Charpentier

Nutritional aspects of high quality production of Arabica coffeeM. Ross and F. Nogueira

Productivity and quality response of tea to balanced nutrient management - Examples from Chinatea gardensJ. Ruan and R. Härdter

Response of mulberry to nitrogen and sulphate of potash on yield and quality of leaf, in relation tosustainable cocoon production and grainage parametersM. A. Shankar, Rajegowda, M. Jayaramaiah, B. T. Rangaswamy and W. Maibaum

A preliminary nutritional explanation for variations in resin quality from wild frankincense(Boswellia sacra) trees in the Dhofar region of the Sultanate of OmanM. Al-Amri and P. Cookson

Influence of rootstock on malate and tartrate accumulation during grape (Vitis vinifera L. CVS. cotand negrette) berry developmentH. Ibrahim, F. Dedieu and M. Garcia

Effect of different fertilisation management on photosynthesis, yield and fruit quality of peachE. Malusà, G. Buffa and J. Ciesielska

Lipid biosynthesis in rapeseed as influenced by sulphur nutritionA. Ahmad, I. Khan, M. Z. Abdin, Y. P. Abrol and G. C. Srivastava

Nitrogen fertilisation of transgenic winter oilseed rapeC. Schuster and G.-W. Rathke

Remote sensing - a tool for site-specific N management in sugar beet production without impacts ontechnical beet quality?M. Bauer, S. Reusch, T. Engels and F. Wiesler

The effect of split nitrogen application on grain protein concentration of wheatM. Lotfollahi and M. J. Malakouti

Grain yield and quality of winter wheat varieties as affected by different nutrient supplyK. Berecz

Physiological aspects of wheat genotypes differing in protein contentX. Liu, J. Jin, Q. Zhang, S. Yang and G. Wang

Effect of location and variety on the content of minerals in German and Polish potato cultivarsE. Delgado, E. Pawelzik, J. Poberezny and I. Rogozinska

The effect of different environmental conditions on the starch quality of Polish and German potatocultivars.I. Rogozinska,E. Pawelzik, J. Poberezny and E. Delgado

Grain iron concentration in Thai rice germplasmC. Prom-u-thai and B. Rerkasem

Short term transport of iron and copper to various parts of wheat grainsT. P. Garnett, R. D. Graham and C. F. Jenner

Influence of micronutrients on growth and yield of banana (Musa sp.) cv. Robusta (AAA)N. Kumar and P. Jeyakumar

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Effects of zinc and boron fertilisation on improving fruit yields in papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Co5P. Jeyakumar, D. Durgadevi and N. Kumar

Yield and nutritional qualities of two tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum Karst) varieties asinfluenced by boron fertilisation in a tropical environmentV. O. Chude and E. Y. Oyinlola

Translocation of heavy metals in soil-plant systemT. M. Minkina, A. P. Samokhin and O. G. Nazarenko

Effect of the application of spent flue gas desulfurization absorbent residue on the development ofpotato gangreneJ. Ushiki, F. Kondo, Y. Fukuda and S. Naito

Seasonal nutrient variation in the phloem tissue of chestnut and its susceptibility to blightE. Portela

Possible factors involved in the establishment of chemically induced systemic acquired resistance inbarleyJ. Wiese and S. Schubert

6. Salinity and plant-soil-water relations

Avenues for increasing salt tolerance of cropsR. Munns

Increasing the drought tolerance in tropical maize - from research on plant-water relations toimpacts in farmers' fieldsM. Bänziger, J. Bolaños and G. O. Edmeades

Osmotic adjustment in different leaf structures of semileafless pea (Pisum sativum L.) subjected towater stressE. M. González, C. Arrese-Igor, P. M. Aparicio-Tejo, M. Royuela and H.-W. Koyro

Quantification of root water extraction under salinity and droughtM. Homaee and R. A. Feddes

Physiological traits of sodium toxicity and salt toleranceK. H. Mühling and E. Läuchli

Response of leaf elongation and nutrient status in growing leaves of wheat to salintiyY. Hu and U. Schmidhalter

Vegetative approach to manage poor water quality in central CaliforniaG. S. Bañuelos and S. Sharmasarkar

Photosynthetic activity and the change of sugar content in stressed rye and triticale genotypesB. Hoffmann, I. Kerepesi and G. Galiba

Comparison of two methods for the determination of plant-induced gradients in soil osmotic potential- TDR-technique versus micro suction cupsD. Vetterlein and R. Jahn

Variability of soil water and nitrogen as causes of yield variability in heterogeneous fieldsD. Geesing, R. Gutser and U. Schmidhalter

Characterizing site specific differences in water availabilityR. Duda, R. Gutser and U. Schmidhalter

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Development of a non-contacting method for the determination of the plant water statusF. Ruthenkolk, R. Gutser and U. Schmidhalter

Effect of fertiliser application on the growth and water use efficiency of wheat in semi-arid area inNorth China PlainM. Liu, H. Liu and T. Toshiaki

Effects of water quality and nitrogen on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of barleyK. Nagaz and N. Ben Mechlia

Interaction of N supply and water relations in Eucalyptus globulus Labill.I. Krockenberger, D. White, R. W. Bell and B. Dell

Why is physiological water-use efficiency lower under low nitrogen supply ?H. Brück, I. Lugert, W. Zhou and B. Sattelmacher

The effect of low nitrogen supply on yield and water-use efficiency of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatasL.)M. Kelm, H. Brück, M. Hermann and B. Sattelmacher

Salt resistance of maize: Recent developmentsS. Schubert, Ch. Zörb and A. Sümer

Salt tolerance in Sesuvium portulacastrumD. Messeddi, N. Sleimi and C. Abdelly

Physiological behaviour of two chickpea Tunisian varieties irrigated with saline nutrient solutionN. Sleïmi, M. Lachaâl, C. Andelly, A. Soltani and M. Hajji

The effects of salinity on five banana genotypes (Musa spp)E. W. F. Gomes, L. Willadino, L. S. S. Martins and T. R. Camara

Salt sensitivity of the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris x Rhizobium symbiosis in relation to the ionicstatus of nodulesM. Lachaâl, S. Boughribil, A. Soltani and M. Hajji

Comparison of strategies of halophytes from different plant families to avoid salt injuryH.-W. Koyro, B. Huchzermeyer and M. C. Harrouni

Large accumulation of sodium in leaves may be compatible with normal growthM. Hajji, M. Lachaâl, A. Soltani and Grignon C

Salt sensitivity and K/Na selectivity in Setaria verticillataH. Ben Ahmed, E. Zid and C. Grignon

K/Na selectivity for secretion into the xylem in triticale (X-Triticosecale Wittmack)N. Karray Bouraoui, E. Zid and C. Grignon

Micronutrient sprays as a tool to increase tolerance of faba bean and wheat plants to salinityM. M. El Fouly, M. M. Zeinab and A. S. Zeinab

Wheat seedlings response to interactive effects of Cu and salinityA. E. El-Enany

Interaction of salinity and boron toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)M. A. Wimmer, K. H. Muehling, A. Läuchli, P. H. Brown and H. E. Goldbach

Root cultures for elucidating tomato root reactions to NaCl stressK. Kouki,, A. Mougou and R. Paul

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Stomatal regulation in long-term salt-treated Medicago arborea and Medicago citrinaJ. V. Sibole, M. C. García, C. Cabot, Ch. Poschenrieder and J. Barceló

Nutrient solution concentration effects on growth and photosynthesis of tomato grownhydroponicallyD. Schwarz, M. W. van Iersel, K. T. Ingram and H. P. Kläring

Investigation of sulfolipid contents and their rate of biosynthesis in halophytes treated with differentsalt concentrationsR. Balasubramanian, A. Schmidt and J. Papenbrock

Interactive effects of plant hormones (GA3 or ABA) and salinity on growth and some metabolites ofwheat seedlingsA. F. Radi, M. A. K. Shaddad, A. E. El-Enany and F. M. Omran

Nutrition of vigna plants on a gypsum amended saline-sodic soilT. Muraoka and R. V. dos Santos

7. Mineral element toxicity and resistance

Aluminium and heavy metal toxicity and resistance - Lessons to be learnt from similarities anddifferencesL. V. Kochian

Some mechanisms of zinc and cadmium detoxification in a zinc and cadmium hyper-accumulatingplant species (Thlaspi)X. E. Yang, M. J. Yang, Z.Y. Shen, J. R. Bacon, E. Paterson and J.M. Wilson

Mechanisms of heavy metal resistance in Silene vulgarisJ. A. C. Verkleij, N. A. L. M. Van Hoof, A. N. Chardonnens, P. L. M. Koevoets, H. Hakvoort, W. M. tenBookum, H. Schat and W. H. O. Ernst

Physiological characterisation of root cell Cd2+ absorption and translocation to shoots in BrassicaI. Hasegawa, F. Shinmachi, A. Noguchi and J. Yazaki

Aluminium resistance of Norway spruce: Root exudation versus immobilisation in rootsA. Heim, I. Brunner, B. Frey, E. Frossard and J. Luster

Avoidance of aluminium toxicity: Role of root border cellsL. A. Brigham, M. C. Hawes and S. C. Miyasaka

Mechanisms of higher tolerance of Al stress in phosphorus deficient maize seedlings: The significanceof phenolics in Al resistanceT. Wagatsuma, S. Ishikawa, T. Akimoto, K. Tawaraya and P. Ofei-Manu

Copper resistance in Silene armeria ecotypes: Does co-tolerance play a role?A. Lombini, Ch. Poschenrieder, M. Llugany, E. Dinelli and J. Barceló

Copper uptake and transport patterns in pseudometallophytes from soils with a large range of Cuconcentrations.C. Poschenrieder, M. Llugany, J. Bech and J. Barceló

Metal accumulation by different plant species grown in contaminated mediaE. Alcántara, A. M. Ginhas, M. A. Ojeda, M. J. Benítez and M. Benlloch

Growth, cadmium, and zinc contents of wheat grown on various soils enriched with cadmium andzincH. Hattori and M. Chino

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Comparison of nickel toxicity and resistance strategies of cabbage plants grown in soil with additionof inorganic and organic Ni (II) complexesJ. Molas

The responses of Eucalyptus camaldulensis to elevated concentrations of MnS. M. Reichman, N. W. Menzies, C. J. Asher and D. M. Mulligan

Effect of citrate on the uptake of copper and cadmium by Lupinus albus, Lupinus luteus and LupinusangustifoliusK. Egle, M. F. Soliman, W. Römer and J. Gerke

Effect of different cultivation techniques on thallium uptake of the Tl hyperaccumulator candytuft(Iberis intermedia) and Tl binding forms in the soilH. Al-Najar, R. Schulz and V. Römheld

Plant growth and cadmium distribution in plants of Brazilian tobacco cultivars as affected bycadmium in nutrient solutionA. M. Salviano, R. L. F. Fontes, P. C. R. Fontes and J. C. L. Neves

Accumulation of selenium and chromium in seeds of haricot beanV. N. Rodionova

Physiological and biochemical traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes associated with tolerance ofiron toxicityK. K. Baruah, B. C. Nath and N. Gogoi

The effect of different stains of AMF on growth and heavy metal uptake of cucumber (Cucumissativus)I. Vörös and T. Takács

Arbuscular mycorrhizal effect on heavy metal uptake of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in pot culturewith polluted soilsT. Takács, B. Biró and I. Vörös

Effect of farmyard manure on relative sorption of copper, zinc, cobalt, and cadmium in soils fromsemi-arid and humid regions of IndiaS. R. Poonia and A. K. Deka

Humic soil reclamators as depressors of heavy metal (radionuclide) accumulation by plantsA. M. Abramets and E. N. Rovdan

Regulatory mechanisms of Al-induced secretion of organic acids anions -Involvement of ABA in theAl-induced secretion of oxalate in buckwheatJ. F. Ma, W. Zhang and Z. Zhao

Differential regulation of Al-induced release of malate and K+ in the root apex of wheatH. Osawa and H. Matsumoto

Exudation of organic acid anions by different maize cultivars as affected by phosphorus deficiencyand aluminium toxicityM. Kamh, P. Roppel and W. J. Horst

Aluminium-induced exudation of citrate from the root tip of Zea mays (L.): Are differential impactsof Al on citrate metabolism involved in genotypical differences?M. Kollmeier and W. J. Horst

Exudation of organic acid anions from root apices as an aluminium resistance mechanism in maizeE. D. Mariano and W. G. Keltjens

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The use of nutrient-film technique for monitoring Al (Al citrate) effects on root development andnutrient uptake in roots of Triticum aestivum L.J. W. M. Postma and W. G. Keltjens

Organic acid-anion exudation and aluminium: The role of plant species, pH, biodegradation and timeM. Schöttelndreier

Characteristics of citrate secretion under aluminium stress in soybean (Glycine max L.)Z. M. Yang, H. Nian, M. Sivaguru and H. Matsumoto

Erbium-activated malate efflux supports the “malate hypothesis” of differential aluminium resistancein wheatT. Kataoka,, A. Stekelenburg, E. Delhaize and P. R. Ryan

Does root exudation of phenolics play a role in aluminium resistance in maize (Zea mays L.)?P. S. Kidd, C. Poschenrieder and J. Barceló

Organic acid root-tip tissue-concentration in Brachiaria decumbens and Brachiaria ruziziensisS. P. Grundy, D. L. Jones and D. L. Godbold

Effect of aluminium on exudation of organic acid anions in tea plantsA. Morita, Y Fujii, and H. Yokota

Effects of temporary contact with Al ions on the plasma-membrane permeability of root-tip cells inseven plant speciesS. Ishikawa, T. Wagatsuma and K. Tawaraya

The significance of phenolic compounds in roots of different age on Al resistance of some commonwoody plantsP. Ofei-Manu, T. Wagatsuma and S. Ishikawa

Study on aluminium resistance in relation to organic-acid anion exudation from roots of PEPCtransgenic rice plantsM. Osaki, D. Nursyamsi, H. H. Begum and T. Watanabe

Effect of aluminium on root morphology of Hydrangea macrophyllaA. Naumann, U. Kunz, H. Lehmann, R. Stelzer and W. J. Horst

Changes in protein content and protease activity in roots of Zea mays (L.) in response to short-termaluminium treatmentV. M. Ali-zade, T. S. Shirvani, N. Schmohl, E. G. Alirzayeva, M. A. Annagiyeva, M. Fecht and W. J. Horst

Effects of heterogeneous Al and P supply on root growth and screening of maize cultivars differing inAl resistanceL. Collet and W. J. Horst

The influence of aluminium and manganese toxicity in the soil on the bio-accumulation of Al and Mnin two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)A. Grenda and A. Badora

Effect of lanthanum on growth and composition of mineral nutrients of Phaseolus vulgaris L var.nanus and Zea mays L. conv. saccharataS. von Tucher, C. Goy and U. Schmidhalter

8. Nutrient acquisition: Mechanisms and modelling

Use of modelling to understand plant nutrient acquisitionG. J. D. Kirk

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Phosphorus Efficiency of Wheat, Maize and Groundnut Grown in Low Phosphorus-Supplying SoilP. B. S. Bhadoria, S. Singh and N. Claassen

Identification of phosphorus solubilizing active components (PSAC) from root cell wall of groundnuthaving better growth on an infertile soil among several legume cropsN. Ae, Y. Kato, R. F. Shen and B. Magno

Measuring and modelling phosphorus uptake by root hairsT. S. Gahoonia and N. E. Nielsen

Experimental approaches for studying rhizosphere chemistry and nutrient uptake of tree roots by in-situ methodsA. Göttlein, J. Lindenmair and A. J. Kuhn

Control of root epidermal patterning: Effects of Fe- and P-deficiencyW. Schmidt and A. Schikora

Use of influx kinetic equations of nitrate transport systems and field experiment data for modelling Nuptake in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)P. Malagoli, S. Faure, P. Lainé, E. Ledeunff and A. Ourry

Phosphorus efficiency of cabbage varietiesD. Eticha and M. K. Schenk

Root exudation of organic anions by cabbage, carrot and potato plants as affected by P supplyN. Dechassa and M. K. Schenk

Use of plasma membrane vesicles for examination of phosphorus deficiency-induced root excretion ofcitrate in cluster roots of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.)A. Kania, G. Neumann, S. Cesco, R. Pinton and V. Römheld

Better growth and phosphorus nutrition of sorghum and wheat following organic acid secreting cropsP. J. Hocking and P. J. Randall

Ethylene regulates common bean root growth in adaptation to P deficiencyH. Liao,, Y. Zhuang, X. Yan, K. M. Brown and J. P. Lynch

Acquisition of phosphorus in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Déirée) with altered carbohydratepartitioning between shoot and rootsG. Neumann, C. Schulze, E. George and V. Römheld

Mobilization of soil phosphorus by low-molecular-weight organic acidsW. Lu, F. Zhang and Y. Cao

Exudation of organic acids by spinach and the mobilization of Cu, Zn and Cd in soilW. Römer and H. Keller

Regulation of phosphorus solubilization by light conditions on shoot in legumesT. P. Rao, K. Yano, A. Yamauchi, J. Tatsumi and M. lijima,

Phytate as a source of phosphorus for the growth of transgenic Trifolium subterraneumA. E. Richardson, P. A. Hadobas and R. J Simpson

Utilization of acid phosphatase for recycling-use of phosphorusT. Yamamura, J. Wasaki, H. Dateki, T. Shinano and T. Tadano

Organic acid exudation by roots of Norway spruce grown in hydroponic culture or in soilJ. Zhang, G. Neumann and E. George

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Mechanisms of phosphorus efficiency in maizeV. M. C. Alves, S. N. Parentoni, C. A. Vasconcellos, A. F. C. Bahia Filho, G. V. E. Pitta and R. E. Schaffert

Ion exchange and water uptake of coarse roots of mature Norway spruce trees (Picea abies L. Karst.)J. Lindenmair, E. Matzner, A. Göttlein, A. J. Kuhn and W. H. Schröder

Effect of potassium uptake by crop species on solubilization of silicate in a soilM. Sugiyama and N. Ae

Non-destructive method for sampling the soil solution in the rhizosphereN. Moritsuka, J. Yanai and T. Kosaki

Effect of Fe plaque on Zn uptake and rhizosphere Zn acquisition of rice lines with different ZnefficiencyP. Thongbai,, C. Q. Guerta and G Kirk

Modeling for growth and distribution of maize (Zea mays L.) roots under field conditions in theeastern plains of ColombiaG. Roveda-Hoyos, J. L. Chopart, J. E. Baquero and L. A. Rojas

Internal phosphorus concentration modifies the initiation, growth and functioning of cluster roots inHakea prostrata R. Br.M. de Vos,, M. W. Shane, G. R. Cawthray, E. J. Veneklaas and H. Lambers,

Analysis of influence of nutrient concentration on root growth dynamics by means of digital imagesequence processingS. Terjung, A. Walter, R. Küsters, H. Spies, N. Kirchgeßner and U. Schurr

Use of a mechanistic model to predict potassium uptake in the field by sugar beet and wheat and itsdepletion in the rhizosphereH. I. El Dessougi and N. Claassen

Quantification of root growth of young corn plants (Zea mays L.) at a transparent surface under theinfluence of soil bulk densityR. O. Kuchenbuch and K. T. Ingram

Exotically long and prolific root hairs of Arabidopsis, corn and wheat grown in a phosphate nutrientbuffer systemG. Liu, J. Dunlop and T. Phung

Root growth dynamics of Vicia faba and its implication with the K supplyB. Steingrobe

The role of root architecture in P acquisition efficiency of different root systems: a case study withcommon bean and riceX. Yan, H. Liao, A. Cao and Y. He

Root weight as a principal factor responsible for difference in nitrogen absorption amongOrchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), Meadow Fescue (Festuca elatior L.) and Timothy (Phleumpratense L.) during first growing periodT. Matsunaka and H. Takahasi

Evaluation of the rhizosphere pH of two sorghum genotypes in presence of three aluminiumsaturations and three potassium levels in soilG. V. E. Pitta, V. C. Baligar, R. B. Clark, V. M. C. Alves and C. A. Vasconcellos

Rhizosphere chemistry and soil exploration by seedlings of beech and spruce in a rhizotroneexperimentZ. Wang and A. Göttlein

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Model calculations of the rhizosphere aluminium chemistry in acid forest soilsH. Nietfeld

A mechanistic model to describe the effect of complexing root exudates on transport and uptake ofsoil nutrients.N. Claassen, B. Steingrobe and K.-M. Syring

Modelling the effects of soil and fertilizer-P on crop growth, P-uptake and soil-P in arable farmingT. V. Karpinets, D. J. Greenwood and D. A. Stone

A two dimensional simulation model of phosphorus uptake including crop growth and P responseA. Mollier, P. de Willigen, S. Pellerin and M. Heinen

Physiological responses of pea to iron deficiency induced by bicarbonateM. Gharsalli, K. Zribi,and M. Hajji

Effects of bicarbonate and anaerobiosis on both ferric reducing capacity and ethylene production byroots of Fe-deficient cucumber plantsF. J. Romera, E. Alcántara and M. D. de la Guardia

Nondestructive imaging of water uptake and development of a living root by neutron beamY. Okuni, J. Furukawa, T. Nakanishi and M. Matsubayashi

Boron effects on rhizosphere acidification in canolaJ. C. R. Stangoulis, H. S. Grewal and R. D. Graham

9. Soil organisms/plant interactions

Molecular control of carbon-nitrogen interactions in symbiotic nitrogen fixationC. P. Vance, R. H. G. M Litjens, J. Schulze, B. Bucciarelli, G. Trepp, D. Samac, D. Allan and M. Tesfaye

Molecular biology of signal exchange in the Rhizobium/Sino-rhizobium/Mesorhizobium legumesymbiosisD. Werner, H. Steele, C. Bolaños-Vasquez and P. Vinuesa

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal application on the distribution of phosphorus and iron in therhizosphere soils of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)K. Sakurai, N. Tanaka, K. Iwasaki and S. Tanaka

Nutrient requirements (N, P, S) of microbial biomass formation in a regosol of JapanK. Kouno, M. A. H. Chowdhury, T. Nagaoka and T. Ando

Evolution of soluble organic carbon in the rhizosphere and in corres-ponding non-rhizosphere soil infield-grown oilseed rape and barley. Immobilisation and turn-over of sulphur-35 in the rhizospheresoilF. Lasserre-Joulin, P. C. Vong and A. Guckert

Effects of root exudates on nutrient availability in the rhizosphereA. Gransee

Xylem and phloem transport of micronutrientsZ. Rengel

Colonisation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mossae enhanced phosphorus uptakefrom dry soil in Sorghum bicolor LE. Neumann, H. Barus and E. George

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Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation on growth of maize and green pepper plants inphosphorus- and zinc-deficient soilI. Ortas, Z. Kaya and I. Çakmak

Survival of Azotobacter chroococcum in the rhizosphere of three different wheat crosses: Effect ofAM fungiH. Sharma, V. Kumar, R. Kumar Behl and N. Narula

Utilisation of iron from the fungal hydroxamate siderophores Fe fusarinines and Fe dimerum acid bystrategy I and strategy II plantsW. Hördt, V. Römheld and G. Winkelmann

Uptake of metal cations by the extraradical mycelium of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus fromcalcareous soil supplied with high and low levels of phosphorusY. J. Lee and E. George

A test of the significance of mycorrhizal hyphae in utilising native organic phosphorus in soils fromdifferent farming systemsM. L. Li, V. Römheld and E. George

Studying magnesium transport across and via mycorrhiza of Norway spruce rootsA. J. Kuhn, G. Jentschke, A. Stettien, B. Brandes, D. G. Godbold and W. H. Schröder

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve early forest-tree establishmentM. Habte, S. C. Miyasaka and D. T. Matsuyama

Effect of phosphorus application and ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculation on biomass production ofEucalyptus urophylla plantation in South ChinaD. Xu,, B. Dell, N. Malajczuk and M. Gong

Growth of mycorrhizal Phoenix canariensis plants under three different cultivation systemsB. Dreyer, A. Morte and M. Honrubia

Differential expression of hexose-regulated fungal genes within Amanita muscaria/Populus tremula ×tremuloides ectomycorrhizasU. Nehls, A. Bock and R. Hampp

Metabolite transport in indeterminate Vicia faba L. nodules: Structural and functional studiesE. Peiter, F. Yan and S. Schubert

N2 fixation estimated by 15N natural abundance can be erroneous because of changes in 15Ndiscrimination during N uptakeH. Heuwinkel, R. Gutser, N. Claassen and U. Schmidhalter

A study of the effect of soil-available N and indigenous rhizobial population on the growth and yieldof soybean and prediction by models of the necessity to inoculateH. A. Rahmani and N. S. Rastin

Effect of rhizobial inoculants and soil-available nitrogen on strain effectiveness and competition fornodulation in some legumesR. A. Abdel-Aziz

Nitrogen fixation potential of rhizobium strains associated with two cultivars of chickpeaA. Asgharzadeh, N. S. Rastin and M. Mohammadi

The use of associative diazotrophs with different rates of N fertilisation and compost to enhance N2fixation and growth of wheatM. S. A. Safwat and M. A. O. El-Mohandes

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The influence of some Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium strains as plant growth promotingrhizobacteria on the growth and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) plants under drought stressM. H. Rashad, A. A. Ragab and S. M. Salem

Stimulation of wheat growth and N fixation through Azospirillum and Rhizobium inoculation: A fieldtrial with 15N techniquesY. G. M. Galal, I. A. El-Ghandour and E. A. EI-Akel

Phosphate mobilising microorganisms and their influence on the productivity of plantsL. A. Chaykovskaya, V. P. Patyka and T. M. Melnychuk

Phosphorus use-efficiency of soybean as affected by phosphorus application and inoculationP. Shah, K. M. Kakar and K. Zada

Evaluation of some carriers for Thiobacillus inoculants used along with sulphur to increase uptake ofsome nutrients by corn and improve its performanceH. Besharaty, K. Khavazi and N. Saleh-Rastin

Influence of growth-promoting bacteria from Uzbekistan and Germany on the growth and nutrientuptake of cotton and wheat on different soilsD. Egamberdiyeva, K.D. Davranov and G. Höflich

Nitrogen release of wheat roots grown under semi-sterile in comparison to unsterile conditionsA. Deubel, M. Richert, and W. Merbach

Exudation of nitrogenous compounds by clover and ryegrass in sterile and non-sterile micro-lysimetersF. Paynel, C. Clement, J. Bigot and J. B. Cliquet

Uptake of organic labelled sulphur by oilseed rape and barley in the rhizosphere and incorresponding non-rhizosphere soilP. C. Vong, F. Lasserre-Joulin and A. Guckert

Allelopathy versus competition between plants and microbesE. Wiegard and S. Jutzi

Effect of rhizosphere indole-3-acetic acid on growth and phosphorus nutrition of maize plants (Zeamays L.)L. Wittenmayer

Effect of long-term fertilisation and cropping systems on selected soil enzyme activitiesF. Eivazi and M. R. Bayan

Root production and turnover in Populus grown under elevated CO2 using a free air enrichmentsystem POPFACEM. Lukac, C. Calfapietra and D. L. Godbold

10. Fertiliser use with regard to optimum yield and environment

Precision agriculture: A challenge for crop nutrition managementP. C. Robert

Tractor based remote sensing for variable nitrogen fertilizer applicationJ. Lammel, J. Wollring† and S. Reusch

Bioassays to improve the determination of P and K availability in soil for fertilizationrecommendationsD. J. Bonfil, I. Mufradi, S. Asido and B. Dolgin

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Uptake of fresh and residual P fertilisers by Lolium perenne in two Swiss agricultural soilsA. Gallet, S. Sinaj, R. Flisch., J. P. Ryser and E. Frossard

Fluid fertilisers - A better solution for growing wheat in alkaline soils?I. Bertrand, R. E. Holloway and M. J. McLaughlin

The new nitrification inhibitor DMPP (ENTECâ) – Comparisons with DCD in model studies and fieldapplicationsA. H. Wissemeier, W. Linzmeier, R. Gutser, W. Weigelt and U. Schmidhalter

Efficiency of foliar Zn fertilizers in coffee and citrusC. A. Rosolem and L. V. S. Sacramento

Determining P and N status of a tropical timber species (teak): Assessment of 'quick' chemical testsand a root phosphatase assayM. J. Webb, P. Reddell, S. Nath and R. J. Srivastava

Corn stalk nitrate concentration profile: Implications for the end-of-season stalk nitrate testW. W. Wilhelm, G. E. Varvel, and J. S. Schepers

Diagnosing nitrogen requirements of potatoes in farmers' cropsI. Papastylianou and S. Gregoriou

Nutrition diagnosis of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) using leaf petiole sapM. Takebe, Y. Kasahara and T. Karasawa

Critical phosphate (P) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations for the growth of winter oilseedrape (Brassica napus)B. J. Major and P. B. Barraclough

Suitability of the SPAD meter and the petiole nitrate test for nitrogen management in nurserypotatoesJ. Gerendás and I. Pieper

Nitrogen levels and its correlation with the chlorophyll content in three coffee cultivarsE. Furlani Jr., E. Lazarini, E. M. Paulo and R. C. M. Furlani

Chlorophyll content distribution in leaves, stems, and ears in winter wheatI. Karele

Effect of water stress on chlorophyll meter readings in winter wheatP. B. Barraclough and J. Kyte

Modelling conversion factors for leaf analyses from fruiting and nonfruiting terminals of citrus toasses the nutrient status of treesI. A. Khan, A. Srikandakumar and T. W. Embleton

Laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence to determine the nitrogen status of plantsC. Bredemeier and U. Schmidhalter

Reference populations for evaluation of the nutritional status of coffee by DRISO. C. Bataglia, W. R. Santos and J. A. Quaggio

Towards a simple, generic modelling approach for developing site-specific nitrogen managementstrategies in irrigated riceC. Witt, J. M. Arah and P. Siband

Field scale variability of N2-fixation in legume and grass mixturesF. Locher, H. Heuwinkel, R. Gutser, U. Schmidhalter

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Use of xylem sap to determine differences in the availability of mineral elements in soilsA. Noguchi, I. Hasegawa and J. Yazaki

Soil properties and plant elemental compositions of faba bean at the flowering stageS. Z. Labuda

Using resin-extraction of soil nutrients for genotype selection and fertility managementA. Olness

The attempt to utilize chemical composition of soil solution in fertilization diagnosticsand B. Rutkowska

Potassium availability indices and plant responseM. Shenker and X. Huang

Soil potassium determination in pasture soils in the basque countryA. Aizpurua, S. Alava, A. Castellón, A. Alonso and G. Besga

Nitrogen fertilizer recommendation for sugar beet according to the EUF soil testing systemD. Horn and F. Fürstenfeld

Net mineralization of organic N in soils related to EUF (Electro-ultrafiltration) extractable organic N,organic C, nitrate and growthA. Maci and K. Mengel

Importance of EUF-extractable organic C for soil N mineralization and for N management of sugarbeetF. Kempl, D. Steffens, D. Horn and S. Schubert

NIR-Spectroscopy to estimate soil nitrogen supplyB. Wagner, R. Gutser and U. Schmidhalter

The new nitrification inhibitor DMPP (ENTEC®) for use in agricultural and horticultural crops – anoverviewW. Zerulla, G. Pasda, R. Hähndel and A. H. Wissemeier

Influence of soil parameters on the efficiency of the new nitrification inhibitor DMPP (ENTECÒ)G. Barth, S. v. Tucher, and U. Schmidhalter

The new nitrification inhibitor DMPP (ENTEC®) – Effects on yield and quality of agricultural andhorticultural cropsG. Pasda, R. Hähndel, W. Zerulla

The new nitrification inhibitor DMPP (ENTEC ®) allows increased N-efficiency with simplifiedfertilizing strategiesW. Linzmeier, R. Gutser and U. Schmidhalter

A new nitrification inhibitor (DMPP) improves the nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in citrus-growingsystemsJ. Bañuls, A Quiñones, E. Primo-Millo and F Legaz

Field evaluation of DMPP as a nitrification inhibitor in the area irrigated by the Canal d'Urgell(Northeast Spain)I. Carrascol, and J. M. Villar

The new nitrification inhibitor DMPP – effects on gaseous emissions (N2O, CO2, CH from soil underfield conditionsA. Weiske, G. Benckiser and J. C. G. Ottow

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Nitrous oxide emissions from injected 15N-labelled cattle slurry into grassland soil as affected byDMPP nitrification inhibitorK. Dittert, R. Bol, D. Chadwick and D. Hatch

The effect of nitrogen supply by NH4-beaker-deposits on tomatoesK. R. Chang and Sommer K.

Effect of calcareous irrigation water and N-management on the Ca2+ and SO42- distribution insunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)B. Jaeger, H. Goldbach and K. Sommer

Effect of acetylene generated from carbide on nitrification in soil, yield of irrigated maize and growthof maize seedlings.P. J. Randall, J. R.Freney, J. Hodgkin and T. C. Morton

Release of nitrogen from two controlled release fertilizersL. Andersen

Fertiliser and irrigation best management practices (BMPs) for optimal citrus production and waterquality in sandy entisols of FloridaS. Paramasivam, A. K. Alva, K. S. Sajwan, J. P. Syvertsen, T. A. Wheaton and D. P. H. Tucker

Effect of N fertilisation in a young ‘Lane Late’ orchard fertigated by drip irrigationM. R. Menino, J. C. Tomás, C. Carranca, M. L. Fernandes and A. de Varennes

Effect of fertigation timing and aeration on nitrogen dynamics in Chinese cabbage cultivationH. T. Heuberger, S. von Tucher and W. H. Schnitzler

Optimization of Anthurium andreanum mineral nutrition in soilless culture under tropical conditionsL. Dufour

Effect of fertigation timetable on growth and nitrogen content of an ornamental shrub (Ligustrumovalifolium L.)M. Salaün, S. Charpentier, V. Guérin and L. Huché-Thélier

Effect of foliar fertilisation with magnesium, sulfur, manganese and boron to sugar beet, oilseed rape,and cerealsK. Orlovius

Effect of different methods of fertilisation on grape yield in QazvinM. Shahabian, M. Mostashari and M. J. Malakouti

Effects of foilar applied K on California cottonB. L. Weir, B. A. Roberts and S. Stoddard

Response of broad bean (Vicia faba) to method of phosphorus application and foliar application ofmicronutrientsA. T. Thalooth, G. M. Yakout and A. O. M. Saad

Immobilization of fertilizer nitrogen and consequences for nitrogen fertilization of cerealsK. Blankenau, H.-W. Olfs and H. Kuhlmann

Yield and quality of winter oilseed rape related to nitrogen supplyG.-W. Rathke and C. Schuster

Effect of rate, timing and form of nitrogen application on yield formation and nitrogen balance inoilseed rape productionT. Behrens, W.J. Horst and F. Wiesler

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XXVIII

Tanzania grass: Nitrogen distribution in shoots and utilizationF. A. Monteiro, I. Benetti and Q. A. C. Carmello

Agro-physiological responses of tropical maize cultivars to nitrogen fertilization in the moist savannaof West AfricaS. O. Oikeh and W. J. Horst

Nitrogen and chlormequatchloride on cotton cultivarP. K. Karthikeyan and R. Jayakumar

Nitrogen dynamics in irrigated grapevines (Vitis vinifera)M. T. Treeby and D. M. Wheatley,

Effect of plant population density and nitrogen fertilization on yield and yield components of somewhite and yellow maize hybrids under drip irrigation system in sandy soilM. H. Griesh and G. M. Yakout

Effectiveness of mineral fertilizer use on calcareous chernozemsN. E. Kravtsova, O. A. Birukova and I. A. Nagabedian

Influence of weed competition and fertilizer application on soil nutrients and performance of weedsand maizeG. O. Iremiren, D. O. Ikhu-Omoregbee, E. Oserogho and E. O. Odile

Effect of S and N nutrition on N-accumulation and N-harvest in rapeseed-mustard (Brassica junceaL. and Brassica campestris L.)M. Z. Abdin, A. Ahmad, I. Khan, M. I. Qureshi and Y. P. Abrol

Effect of increasing N and P application rates on grain yield of winter wheat in long-term fertilizationexperimentsK. Debreczeni and T. Kismányoky

Response of selected crops to K fertilization on major soil types in South VietnamP. Cong, C. Sat and R. Härdter

Potassium distribution and use efficiency in Brachiaria decumbensW. T. Mattos, F. A. Monteiro and A. R. Dechen

Corn yield and potassium accumulation related to potassium fertilizer ratesZ. Khademi, M. R. Balali and M. J. Malakouti

Direct, cumulative and residual effect of P-fertilizer applied at different times to wheat and barleyunder the dryland conditions of TurkeyB. Firat, S. Gümüs (†)

Physiological and biochemical responses of two precocious varieties of wheat to phosphate rock andTSP fertilisation in semi-arid landC. Rahmoune, S. Maâlem, F. Redjel, S. Hioun and M. Bennaceur

Role of phosphorus on mineral nutrient concentrations and their ratios in riceM. A. Saleque, K. M. Akther and G. M. Panaullah

Fluid fertilisers - An efficient source of P for calcareous soilsR. E. Holloway, I. Bertrand, A. J. Frischke, D. M. Brace, M. J. McLaughlin, W. Shepperd and R. D.Graham

Manganese nutrition of wheat as affected by phosphorus and manganese application to a calcareoussoilN. Karimian and S. M. Hashemi

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Sulphur supply and the optimisation of the yield of wheatR. V. Palmer, F. J. Zhao, S. P. McGrath and M. J. Hawkesford

Yield losses in groundnut due to micronutrient deficiencies in calcareous soils of IndiaA. L. Singh

Effects of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu fertilization on the yield and grain quality of wheat in the calcareoussoils of IranA. H. Ziaeian and M. J. Malakouti

Influence of N, P, K, Ca and Mg rates on leaf micronutrient concentration of 'Navaho' blackberryJ. M. Spiers and J. H. Braswell

Plant availability of sulfur from organic fertilisersR. Gutser and S. von Tucher

Phosphorus availability to maize plants from sewage sludge treated with Fe compoundsI. F. Samie and W. Römer

Degradation of chlorinated aromatic acids from sludge compost in soilsT. Nagaoka, J. Tanaka, K. Kouno and T. Ando

Responce of faba bean crop to phosphatic, foliar and bio-fertilization under new reclaimed sandy soilconditionsG. M. Yakout and M.H.Greish

Boron uptake by plants as affected by organic matterU. Yermiyahu, R Keren and Y. Chen

Influence of different fertilization systems on the sulphur content of podzoluvisols and wheat grainsA. Kanal

Prominent nitrogen uptake response to cattle feces by specific plant speciesM. Yamagata, S. Matsumoto, N. Koga and N. Ae

Mineralization patterns of nitrogen in waste-compost and responses of rice cropS. Matsumura, M. Kato, T. Motobayashi and H. Isshiki

Root partial contact with localized organic matter increased 59Fe uptake and alleviated lime-inducedchlorosis of young apple treesS. M. Samar, M. J. Malakouti, H. Siadat, A. Sadjadi and H. Ghafourian

Non-root nutrition with vermicompost extracts as the way of ecological optimisationA. V. Gamaley, M. A. Nadporozhskaya, A. I. Popov, O. G. Chertov, N. V. Kovsh and O. A. Gromova

Mineral fertiliser consumption and crop yields in Slovakia in the period 1989-1999S. Torma

Nutrient cycling and management in different agro-eco regions of ChinaJ. Zhou, J. Xie, X. Chen and R. Härdter

Nutrient balances and present state of available nutrients in the soilP. Cermak

Nutrient uptake and crop productivity on Podzolic soils (Alfisols)G. Y. Elkina

Effects of reduced tillage intensity on soil Nmin dynamics following Oilseed rape cultivationT. Lickfett

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Effect of ammonium levels and pH on nitrite accumulation in soilsQ. R. Shen, W. Ran and Z. H. Cao

Spatial variability of available phosphorus and site specific P fertilizer recommendations in a wheatfieldM. R. Karaman, S. Ersahin and A. Durak

Remote sensing of soil properties to support site specific farmingT. Selige and U. Schmidhalter

N loss by denitrification from potted ornamental plantsH. Agner and M. K. Schenk

Effects of various nitrogen fertilisers on nitrous oxide emissions from arable soilsB. Leick and C. Engels

Field emissions of NH3 and NOx following urea application to wheatA. Weber, R. Gutser and U. Schmidhalter

Application of the life cycle assessment methodology to investigate the environmental impact ofdifferent nitrogen fertiliser application rates in a crop rotationF. Brentrup, J. Küsters and H. Kuhlmann

Growth regulators for cereal and oil crops on the basis of 2,3-dichloroisobutyric acid andchlormequat chloride and residue analyses in the grain of oatW. Gans and W. Merbach

11. Nutrient dynamics in natural and agricultural ecosystems – Processesand modelling

Nitrogen saturation in forest ecosystems: Progress and remaining mysteriesJ. D. Aber

Carbon and nitrogen balances in Danish forest and agro ecosystemsL. Rasmussen

Modelling nutrient cycles in grazed pasture systems of Southern AustraliaR. J. Simpson, A. D. Moore, A. E. Richardson, J. R. Donnelly, G. J. Blair and I. R. Johnson

Modelling soil acidification under pastures - The GRAZPLAN soil acidity modelJ. Braschkat, A. D. Moore, R. J. Simpson and P. J. Randall

Simulation study of nitrogen supply in boreal forests using model of soil organic matter dynamicsROMULO. G. Chertov, A. S. Komarov, M. Nadporozhskaya, S. S. Bykhovets, S. L. Zudin

The effect of site specific fertilisation on N2O emissions and N-leaching - measurements andsimulationsJ. C. Munch, A. Berkenkamp and U. Sehy

Modelling controlled nutrient release from coated fertilisers: Deterministic and statistical modelA. Shaviv

Inventory and budget of nutrients in managed German forest stands - a method for sustainablenutrient managementP. Rademacher, B. Mueller-Using, H. Meesenburg and K. J. Meiwes

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XXXI

Long-term nutrient dynamics of a spruce stand fertilised periodically for more than 50 yearsM. Mindrup, K. J. Meiwes and P. K. Khanna

Changes in the nitrogen budget of forest ecosystems under sustained reduction of inputs - analysis ofstate and prognoses based on a case study in a Norway spruce forest at Solling, GermanyN. P. Lamersdorf, M. Bredemeier and F. Beese

Inverse estimation of parameters in a soil nitrogen turnover model for a beech forestE. Priesack, S. Gayler, R. Brumme, N. Bartsch and T. Vor

Ecosystem effects after ameliorative liming of a catchment at the Harz mountains, GermanyH. Meesenburg, K. J. Meiwes, M. Wagner and J. Prenzel

Contribution of root turnover to nutrient cycling in beech forestsK.-H. Wu, G. Jentschke and D. L. Godbold

Nitrate reductase activity in fine roots of norway spruce - A biochemical marker for nitrogenconditions in the soil?M. Genenger, E. Frossard, S. Zimmermann and I. Brunner

Fine roots of trees: Indicators for the element availability in forest soils and for forest soil conditionsI. Brunner, S. Zimmermann and M. Genenger

Parameterizing net N mineralisation from 'old humus' in sandy arable soils of a drinking watercatchment (Fuhrberger Feld)S. Heumann, J. Könecke, J Böttcher and G. Springob

A study of nutrition and toxic elements in the Carpathian Mountain forests using foliar analysis ofwhite fir (Abies alba Mill.), Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.), beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) andhumus.B. Mankovská

Nutrient concentrations in leaves of peach trees subjected to acid rainKlimenko O. E. and Klimenko N. I.

Nutritional effects on leaf area index and growth of a young Eucalyptus nitens plantationP. Smethurst, C. Baillie and M. Cherry

Possible role of the soil in the Sissoo forest (Dalbergia sissoo, Roxb.) decline in the Nepal teraiS. P. Sah, C. K. Sharma F. Sehested

Relations between the use of N-fertilisers and the resulting N-balances on sandy and marshy soils inLower Saxony/Germany – A farm studyK. Möller and E. Przemeck

Effects of subsurface drainage design on nitrate leaching and crop yieldA. El-Sadek and J. Feyen

Measured and simulated nitrate leaching in vegetable cultureK. R. Végh and I. Cserni

Nitrogen balances derived from long-term experiments with vegetable cropsJ. Rühlmann and B. Geyer

Mineralisation of newly accumulated nitrogenR. Nieder, H. P. Dauck and D. K. Benbi

Recycling of N between soil and plants during the growing seasonM. A. Jimenez, R. Gutser, H. Schmid and J. C. Munch

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Sulphate and nitrogen net mineralisation in coarse-textured soils in western AustraliaG. C. Anderson and I. R. P. Fillery

Nitrogen mineralisation kinetics in soils: An assessment of some modelling approachesD. K. Benbi and J. Richter

Validation of the EPIC model for nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by intercropped maize andcowpea on Alumi Haplic AcrisolI. de Barros, T. Gaiser and V. Römheld

Influence of rain distribution on yield and management practices for a winter wheat cultivationJ. Bobert and U. Schmidhalter

Long-term trial on soil formation at Halle/SaaleH. Beschow and W. Merbach

Model type selection for the examination of SOM dynamics and soil assessment as CO2 source/sinkbased on EuroSOMNET databaseO. D. Sirotenko, L. K. Shevtsova and V. A. Romanenkov

Removal of N and P from eutrophic pond water by using plant bed filter ditches planted with cropsand flowersK. Abe and Y. Ozaki

Nitrous oxide and dinitrogen losses from flooded fen peat with and without reed canarygrass(Phalaris arundinacea L.) and common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) plantsJ. Augustin, U. Münchmeyer and R. Russow

Production, consumption and emission of nitrous oxide in profiles of Stagnic Gleysols under changingsoil moisture conditionsM. Trimborn and W. Werner

Effect of pH on denitrification losses from different arable soilsB. W. Hütsch, S. Zhang, K. Feng, F. Yan and S. Schubert

12. Plant nutrition and sustainable development

Challenges for sustaining productivity gains and environmental quality in intensive grain productionsystems of Asia and the United StatesA. Dobermann and K. G. Cassman

Does the farming system affect the nitrogen fertiliser value of animal manure?M. Langmeier, A. Oberson, M. Kreuzer, P. Mäder, D. Dubois and E. Frossard

The role of N nutrition on lowland rice yields along an agroecological gradient in West AfricaM. Becker, M. C. S. Wopereis and D. E. Johnson

Causes of legume-rotation effects in increasing cereal yields across the Sudanian, Sahelian andGuinean zone of West AfricaA. Bürkert, M. Bagayoko, S. Alvey and A. Bationo

Integrated approach for improved P nutrition of plants in tropical acid soilsG. Keerthisinghe, F. Zapata, P. Chalk and P. Hocking

Root turnover and nutrient cycling in native and introduced pastures in tropical savannasI. M. Rao, C. Plazas and J. Ricaurte

Contribution of above- and below-ground interactions to intercroppingF. S. Zhang, L. Li and J. H. Sun

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XXXIII

Organic matter and its relation to maize crops on acid soils of ColombiaL. A. Rojas, J. E. Baquero, M. Ramírez, F. Rodriquez and G. Roveda

Interaction effects of organic materials and lime on grain yield and nutrient aquisition of three maizevarieties grown in an Oxisol of the Colombian eastern plainsJ. E. Baquerol and L. A. Rojas

Three years performance of a tolerant and a susceptible maize cultivar on non-amended andamended acid soilC. The, H. Calba, W. J. Horst and C. Zonkeng

The effect of bio-compost application on crop yield and nitrogen dynamic in the soilR. Schulz, H. Al-Najar, J. Breuer and V. Römheld

Agricultural application of municipal solid waste compost in the Gaza Strip: in situ measurement ofnutrient and heavy metal leachingA. Kaschl, E. Neumann, Y. Chen and V. Römheld

Chemical properties of different composts consisting of sewage sludge, cement kiln dust and plantresiduesA. Zayed, S. Mabrouk and M. Abdou

Utilisation of boiler ash from biomass heating plants as fertiliser substitutG. Uckert, R. Mette and B. Sattelmacher

Heavy metal pollution in a rhodic ferralsol of CubaO. Muñiz, J. Molina, S. Quicute and J. Estevez

Physicochemical processes effecting 137Cs and 90Sr migration in soils and uptake by plantsE. N. Rovdan and A. M. Abramets

Control of Al/Fe activities in soils of the humid tropics by a balanced fertiliser managementK. Sommer

Optimum rice yield under short-term cover crop fallow systemsR. K. Akanvou M. Becker M. J. Kropff L. Bastiaans and G. Dea

Dynamics, balance and recycling of nitrogen in lowland rice-based cropping systemR. K. Shrestha and J. K. Ladha

Effects of cover crops species on Passiflora edulis nutritionL. R. M. de Andrade, A. M. de Carvalho, I. de C. Mendes, L. Vivaldi, C. T. Karia and N. T. V. Junqueira

Cultivation of legumes and grass/legume mixtures on arable land as a sustainable managementW. Grzebisz, J. Kryszak, W. Szczepaniak and R. Gaj

Productivity and yield quality of fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) - Grass mixed swardsA. M. Adamovich

Root growth and nitrogen utilization of a leek crop and an undersown catch cropK. L. Nielsen and K. Thorup-Kristensen

Competition for nutrients by key species of grassland systems on the tablelands of southeastAustralia.J. Hill, R. J. Simpson, A. D. Moore and D. Chapman

Water and nutrient balance under slash-and-burn agriculture in the Eastern Amazon, Brasil - Therole of a deep rooting fallow vegetationR. Sommer, T. D. A. de Sá, K. Vielhauer, P. L. G. Vlek and H. Fölster

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XXXIV

Effects of short-duration fallows on P transformations in Oxisols of Western KenyaE. Bünemann, A. Oberson, P. C. Smithson, B. Jama and E. Frossard

Phosphorus fractionation in oxisols under agroforestry and conventional coffee systems in BrazilI. M. Cardoso, B. H. Janssen, O. Oenema and Th. Kuyper

Fuzzy set analysis and canonical correspondence analysis of soil arthropods (Coleoptera, Isopoda) inorganic and conventional agroecosystemsE. Hadjicharalambous, K. L. Kalburtji and A. P. Mamolos

Soil arthropod diversity in relation to weed diversity in organic and conventional agroecosystemsE. Hadjicharalambous, K. L. Kalburtji and A. P. Mamolos

Plastic film mulching cultivation: a new technology for resource saving water N fertiliser and reducedenvironmental pollutionL. Wu, Z. Zhu, Y. Liang and F. Zhang

A holistic approach towards sustainable land use management in the Hedgerow - Field crop interfaceR. Mette, G. Uckert and B. Sattelmacher

Integration of plant nutrition and soil fertility in international and interdisciplinary teachingactivities on sustainable land use and natural resource managementT. Müller, Q. Gausset, P. Van der Keur, O. Mertz, P. Oksen and A. Aalbæk

Author index

Appendix of manuscripts

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XXXV

Fourteenth International Plant Nutrition Colloquium

Local Organising Committee

M. K. Schenk (Chairman)N. ClaassenW. J. HorstA. JungkH. KuhlmannH.-C. ScharpfA. SpechtA. StaßW. WernerF. Wiesler

Symposium Conveners

F. O. BeeseB. BürkertN. ClaassenW. B. FrommerH. GoldbachW. J. HorstH. KuhlmannW. MerbachE. PawelzikV. RömheldB. SattelmacherM. K. SchenkU. SchmidhalterS. Schubert

GöttingenKasselGöttingenTübingenBonnHannoverDülmenHalleGöttingenStuttgart-HohenheimKielHannoverMünchen-WeihenstephanGießen

XXXVI

Fourteenth International Plant Nutrition Colloquium

Sponsors

COMPO GmbH

Deutsche Stiftung für internationale Entwicklung

European Commission

E.V.A. GmbH

Federal State of Niedersachsen

German Federal Ministry of Agriculture

German Science Foundation

German Society of Plant Nutrition

Hydro Agri Germany

XIII IPNC Tokyo Japan

Kali und Salz GmbH

Kemira Germany GmbH

Royal Society (The British Commonwealth Academy of Sciences)

SKW Stickstoffwerke Trostberg AG

SKW Stickstoffwerke Piesteritz GmbH

Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Co-operation

XXXVII

Fourteenth International Plant Nutrition Colloquium

International Council on Plant Nutrition

W. J. Horst (President)C. J. AsherM. L. van BeusichemP. H. BrownI. CakmakR. L. ChaneyM. ChinoI. FergusonM. M. El-FoulyR. D. GrahamM. GorshkovaA. GuckertF. ZhangU. KafkafiT. KallayE. A. KirkbyD. M. OosterhuisB. RerkasemC. A. RosolemB. SattelmacherT. TadanoR. M. Welch

GermanyAustraliaThe NetherlandsU. S. A.TurkeyU. S. A.JapanNew ZealandEgyptAustraliaThe Russian FederationFranceP. R. ChinaIsraelHungaryUnited KingdomU. S. A.ThailandBrazilGermanyJapanU. S. A.

XXXVIII

PrefaceThe world’s population is expected to reach 8 billion by 2025 and most of this growth in population will occur in

developing countries. To feed the world with such a marked increase in population, a great improvement in food productionmust be achieved particularly in these countries. To meet this challenge, present agricultural productivity must be increasedon the cultivated land. However, in many developing countries, particularly in Africa, reduced soil fertility caused bycontinuous cropping with low nutrient input and the resultant nutrient mining of soils is a major threat both to foodproduction and to ecosystem viability. As a result of declining soil fertility, together with increasing population pressure,expansion of crop production to marginal lands and forested areas contribute to the destruction of natural ecosystems.

Food production is not only a quantitative challenge. Improving the nutrient status of plants provides a further valuablemeans of enhancing food quality and is of extreme benefit to the health of both plants and humans. There are severalexcellent examples showing that plants with optimum nutrient status are better adapted to biotic and abiotic stress factors.Because of population pressures, many global food systems are not currently providing enough micronutrients to ensureadequate micronutrient intakes in the human diet. This has resulted in an increasing prevalence of micronutrientdeficiencies that now afflicts over three billion people worldwide.

In contrast in other parts of the world, in the industrialised countries in particular and in East Asia, the excessive use offertilisers has led to the build-up of soil nutrient stocks resulting in increased nutrient fluxes into the environment. Pollutionof ground water, and of the atmosphere, eutrophication of surface waters and natural ecosystems have all ensued. Theefficient use of fertilisers aimed at both optimising yield and minimising environmental pollution is therefore a particularlyimportant issue.

Meeting the challenge of sustainable Plant Nutrition requires not only the application of current knowledge but also thewidening of knowledge through basic and applied research. Entering the millennium there seems justification in ouroptimism in achieving this goal because of the availability and systematic use of new methodological tools, such asmolecular biological techniques, modelling, and ecosystem engineering. Such techniques will be particularly helpful in thebreeding of various plant genotypes of elevated capacity in the use of soil and fertiliser nutrients, as well as those adapted toadverse soil conditions, and with increased micronutrient density. The techniques should also allow the implementation ofsustainable nutrient management for agro-and forest-ecosystems.

The contributions in this book provide an excellent current state of the art in Plant Nutrition research and itscontribution to food security and agro-ecosystem sustainability while maintaining and enhancing environmental quality.

The review, correction, formatting and compilation of more than 500 contributed papers was a real major co-operativeeffort which made it necessary to ask many colleagues for help. Also, since none of the editors is a native English speakerwe had to ask colleagues to help with the proof reading and correcting the English language whenever possible. We wouldlike to express our sincere thanks to all of them, particularly to Heinrich W. Scherer (S2), Holger Brück (S4), Robin D.Graham (S5), Ross M. Welch (S5) Albrecht Jungk (S5 and S9), Yuncai Hu (S6), Ernest Kirkby (S7 and S9), BerndSteingrobe (S8), Neru Narula (S9) Ashok Alva (S10), Peter B. Barraclough (S10), Isabelle Bertrand (S10), KlausBlankenau (S10), Harsharn Singh Grewal (S10), Alan Olness (S10), Siva Paramasivam (S10), Peter J. Randall (S10),Michael Treeby (S10), Michael J. Webb (S10), Bill L. Weir (S10), Wallace W. Wilhelm (S10) and last but not least toAndré Specht, who carried the burden of formatting and compiling this book. Co-ordinating all this work was not withoutdifficulty particularly since it was essential for us to adhere to strict deadlines in order to meet our date of publication andwe apologise in advance to authors and readers for any possible imperfections in the publication of the Proceedings.

Finally we would like to express our thanks to the International Council on Plant Nutrition for selecting Hannover for asecond time to host the International Plant Nutrition Colloquium. The Colloquium was held here 27 years ago from 2-6September 1974 under the presidency of J. Wehrmann, and this time it is the meeting. We are looking forward to the

Colloquium.

Hannover, 30. April 2001 Walter J. Horst

Manfred K. Schenk