Plant NotesDay 1

Describe Plant Adaptations to Life on LandPlants are multicellular eukaryotic

autotrophs

1. Cuticle-protective outer covering

Adaptations

2. stomata- openings in leaves to prevent water loss

a. Day- open, release water & oxygen and take in carbon dioxide

b. Night- close to prevent water loss

3. Cellulose- strengthening substance in stems

4. Spores, seeds, fruits- reproductive structures

5. Leaves- photosynthetic organs

6. Roots- organs to help anchor and absorb water

Compare Vascular & Nonvascular Plants

1. Nonvascular

Plants without vessels for water & mineral transport

Example-mosses

2. Vascular

Plants which contain vessels for transport

A. xylem- vessels transporting water & minerals up to leaves

B. Phloem- vessel transporting sugar down to roots

Example-flowers, trees

Describe Mosses

1. Nonvascular plants

2. Small, soft plants which grow in clumps

3. Absorbs water like a sponge

4. Live in moist, shaded areas

5. Height between 1-2 cm

6. Pioneer plants: break down rock

Mosses and Ferns, Life Cycles

7. Reproduction a. alternate generations:

have 2 body forms in life cycle

b. Gametophyte- body form which produces gametes

c. Sporophyte- form which produces spores, grows from

gametophyte

capsule

stalk

sporophyte

gametophyte

Leaflike structure

Stemlikestructure

MOSS

8. Steps in reproductive cycle

a. Spore germinate & form gametophyte generation

b. Antheridium- forms male gametes(sperm)

c. Archegonium- forms female gametes(egg)

d. Sperm fertilizes egg & zygote is formed

e. Zygote divides and forms sporophyte

Haploid (N)

Diploid (2N) MEIOSIS

FERTILIZATION

Maturesporophyte

(2N)

Gametophyte(N)

Gametophyte(N)

Youngsporophyte(2N)

Zygote(2N)

Sperm(N)

Sperm(N)

Egg(N)

Spores(N)

Capsule(sporangium)

Protonema(young gametophyte)(N)

Malegametophyte

Femalegametophyte

Antheridia

Archegonia

Section 22-2

Figure 22–11  The Life Cycle of a Moss

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Describe seedless plants

1. Vascular plants- have xylem & phloem

2. Live in moist, fertile shaded areas

3. Form fronds instead of leaves

4. Produce spores instead of seeds

Fiddlehead-young fern frond

5. Reproduction

a. alternate generations

b. sporophtye & gametophyte are independent of each other

c. spores released, germinate to form heart-shaped gametophyte called Prothallus

d. prothallus produces both antheridium & archegonium

e. sperm released & swims through water to egg where it is fertilized

f. zygote is formed and develops in sporophyte

Haploid gametophyte (N)

Diploid sporophyte (2N)

MEIOSIS

FERTILIZATION

Maturesporophyte(2N)

Gametophyte(N)

Frond

Sperm

Egg

Spores(N)

Antheridium

Archegonium

Developingsporophyte(2N)

Sporophyteembryo(2N)

Maturegametophyte(N)

Younggametophyte(N)

Sporangium(2N)

Section 22-3

Figure 22–17  The Life Cycle of a Fern

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Quiz #1Moss & Ferns

1. Plants are ____________, ___________ autotrophs A. multicellular, prokaryotes C. unicellular, prokaryotes B. multicellular, eukaryotes D. unicellular, eukaryotes

2. Identify this part of the plant A. stomata C. cuticle B. cellulose D. phloem

3. Gametophytes produce __________________. A. spores B. anteridium C. archegonium D. gametes

The opening

4. Name this part of the moss life cycle

5. A fern leaf is called a ____.

A. Leaflet

B. Frond

C. Green leaf

D. leaf

A. Protonema

B. Antheridia

C. sporophyte

D. sperm