Plant Kingdom Nonvascular Plants - Montana State … · · 2009-02-20Plant Kingdom Nonvascular...
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1 Plant Kingdom Nonvascular Plants Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts Seedless Vascular Plants Club mosses & spike mosses Whisk ferns Horsetails Ferns Groups of Living Plants Mosses Liverworts Hornworts Nonvascular Plants Seedless Vascular Plants Seed Plants Gymnosperms Vascular Plants Angiosperms Nonvascular Land Plants I. Phyla (25,000 species) 1. Bryophyta …… mosses 2. Hepaticophyta …… liverworts 3. Anthocerotophyta…… hornworts II. Unifying characteristics 1. No vascular tissue 2. No roots, stems and leaves 3. Dominant gametophyte 4. Sporophyte attached to gametophyte Gametophyte Phylum: Bryophyta Mosses Capsule Seta or stalk Sporophyte Moss Reproduction: Male Gametophytes Antheridium Mosses: Male gametophyte Sterile jacket Sperm
Transcript of Plant Kingdom Nonvascular Plants - Montana State … · · 2009-02-20Plant Kingdom Nonvascular...
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Plant Kingdom
Nonvascular PlantsMosses, Liverworts and Hornworts
Seedless Vascular PlantsClub mosses & spike mosses
Whisk fernsHorsetails
Ferns
Groups of Living PlantsMossesLiverwortsHornworts
Nonvascular Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants
Seed Plants
GymnospermsVascular Plants
Angiosperms
Nonvascular Land Plants
I. Phyla (25,000 species)1. Bryophyta …… mosses2. Hepaticophyta …… liverworts3. Anthocerotophyta…… hornworts
II. Unifying characteristics1. No vascular tissue2. No roots, stems and leaves3. Dominant gametophyte4. Sporophyte attached to gametophyte
Gametophyte
Phylum: BryophytaMosses
Capsule
Seta or stalk
Sporophyte
Moss Reproduction: Male Gametophytes
Antheridium
Mosses: Male gametophyte
Sterile jacket
Sperm
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Female gametophyte
Archegonium
Venter
Neck
Egg
Sporophyte =Capsule & Seta
Moss Life Cycle
Gametophytes
AntheridiaSperm
Archegonia
Egg
Spores (n)Protonema
Liverworts (8000 species)
1. Flattened Gametophytes
2. Thallose (20%)
3. Leafy (80%)
Asexual reproduction
Gemmae in Gemmae cups
Liverwort Life Cycle
LiverwortAntheridialHead of MaleGametophyte
Antheridiophore
Liverwort Female GametophyteArchegoniophores
Archegonium
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Liverwort Sporophyte Seta
Foot
CapsuleSporesElaters
End Mosses & LiverwortsEND
Mosses & Liverworts
Groups of Living Plants
EquisetophytaHorsetails
PterophytaWhisk fernsFerns
LycophytaClub mosses Ground pines Spike mosses
Nonvascular Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants
Seed Plants
GymnospermsVascular Plants
Angiosperms
All form antheridia and archegonia
All have flagellated sperm
Water required for fertilization
Lepidodendron
Fossil Lycopods
1200 species: tropical & temperate
Perennial,evergreen, branched
Leaves microphylls
Rhizomes & adventitious roots
Dominant sporophyte
Sporangia … strobilus
Free-living gametophytes
Phylum: LycophytaClub Mosses, Ground Pines & Spike mosses
Phylum: LycophytaSelaginella = spike moss
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Groups of Living Plants
EquisetophytaHorsetails
PterophytaWhisk fernsFerns
LycophytaClub mossesGround pines Spike mosses
Nonvascular Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants
Seed Plants
GymnospermsVascular Plants
Angiosperms
Fossil Horsetails
Calamites
Phylum: EquisetophytaHorsetails/ ScouringRushes/Snake grass/ Joint Grass
rhizomegametophyte
Equisetum …15 species
Moist, temperature areas
Stems: Upright -Herbaceous, evergreen, jointed, flutedRhizomes
Leaves: scalelike,whorls
Dominant sporophyte
Free-living gametophytes
Equisetum strobilus & sporangia
Sporangia in strobilus
Groups of Living Plants
EquisetophytaHorsetails
PterophytaWhisk fernsFerns
LycophytaClub mosses, ground pines & spike mosses
Nonvascular Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants
Seed Plants
GymnospermsVascular Plants
Angiosperms
Phylum: PterophytaFerns
365 genera, 11,000 species75% tropical
Dominant sporophyte
Free-living gametophytes
Stem = rhizome
Leaves = frondsOften compound
Sporangia in a sorus (sori)
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Pinnae
Frondor compound leaf
Fern Vegetative Sporophyte
sorus
Sporangium
Fern gametophyte= prothallus
Archegonium
Antheridium Gametophyte
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Rhizome
SporophyteMaturefrond
n = haploid
2n = Diploid
Fern Life Cycle
Gametophyte
Fern Life Cycle
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n
Sorus (clusterof sporangia)
Maturesporangium
MEIOSIS
Spore
2n
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n
2nMEIOSIS
SporeMitosis
Gametophyte (Prothallus)
Fern Life Cycle
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
n
2n
Sorus
SporangiumMEIOSIS
Spore
Gametophyte
Archegonium
Antheridium
Eggin archegonium
Sperm in antheridium
Fern Life Cycle
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Archegonium
AntheridiumEgg
SpermFERTILIZATION
Embryo
Gametophyte
SporangiumMEIOSIS
Gametophyten
Adult sporophyte
2n
Fern Life Cycle
Young sporophyte
Dominant SporophyteVascular Tissue in sporophyteUsually evergreen and herbaceous
Free-living gametophytesAll form antheridia & archegoniaMotile sperm… External water for fertilization
PhylaLycophyta – club mosses, ground pines, spike mossesEquisetophyta - horsetailsPterophyta – whisk ferns, ferns
Summary: Seedless Vascular PlantsEND
Mosses, Liverworts & Seedless Vascular Plants
