Plant KingdomPlant KingdomPlant KingdomPlant Kingdom Characteristics:Characteristics: Multi-cellularMulti-cellular organisms organisms Have Have eukaryoticeukaryotic cells cells Cell walls contain Cell walls contain cellulosecellulose Carry out Carry out photosynthesisphotosynthesis with a with a

pigmentpigment called called chlorophyllchlorophyll & & organelles called organelles called chloroplastschloroplasts

Called Called autotrophsautotrophs or or producersproducers

What What plantsplants need to need to survive:survive: SunlightSunlight

WaterWater & & MineralsMinerals

Gas Exchange of Gas Exchange of Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide & & OxygenOxygen

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis COCO2 2 + H+ H220 + Sunlight C0 + Sunlight C66HH1212OO66 + O + O22

CC66HH1212OO6 6 is also calledis also called

•GlucoseGlucose

•CarbohydrateCarbohydrate

•SugarSugar

Plant Cells & ChloroplastsPlant Cells & Chloroplasts

Q: What other organisms have chloroplasts?Q: What other organisms have chloroplasts?

Plants are divided into Plants are divided into 22 large groupslarge groups

Plants are divided into Plants are divided into 22 large groupslarge groups

Plant Kingdom!Plant Kingdom!

Vascular Vascular (Tracheophyta):(Tracheophyta):plants plants with with important tubesimportant tubes

NonvascularNonvascular (Bryophyta):(Bryophyta):plants plants withoutwithouttubestubes

Nonvascular plants are Nonvascular plants are divided into divided into 22 groups. groups.

Nonvascular plants are Nonvascular plants are divided into divided into 22 groups. groups.

Nonvascular - Nonvascular - BryophytesBryophytes

Moss:Moss: liveslivesin damp placesin damp places!

Liverwort:Liverwort:also lives in also lives in dampdampplaces!places!

MossMoss

LiverwortsLiverworts

T or F. Animals T or F. Animals reproduce reproduce

sexually and sexually and plants reproduce plants reproduce

asexually.asexually.

T or F. Animals T or F. Animals reproduce reproduce

sexually and sexually and plants reproduce plants reproduce

asexually.asexually.

F. The vast majority of both F. The vast majority of both animals animals and plantsand plants reproduce reproduce sexually.sexually.

LiverwortLiverwort

MossMoss

Reproductive PartsReproductive Parts - Sporophyte= asexual- Sporophyte= asexual - Gametophyte= sexual - Gametophyte= sexual

Sperm and eggs produced here.Sperm and eggs produced here.

SexualSexual: The plant The plant makes makes spermsperm and and eggseggs. . When these When these fertilizefertilize, spore , spore capsule on a capsule on a stick forms.stick forms.

Alternation of Generations- form of reproduction in moss/liverworts. Both sex and asex needed

Spore CapsuleSpore CapsuleAsexualAsexual: The The sporesspores release, release, dropdrop to the to the groundground, , and make and make new new plantsplants..

Plants are divided into Plants are divided into 22 large groupslarge groups

Plants are divided into Plants are divided into 22 large groupslarge groups

Plant Kingdom!Plant Kingdom!

Vascular Vascular (Tracheophyta):(Tracheophyta):plants plants with with important tubesimportant tubes

NonvascularNonvascular (Bryophyta):(Bryophyta):plants plants withoutwithouttubestubes

-moss and liverworts

Vascular Plants Vascular Plants Have tube-like cells called Have tube-like cells called tracheidstracheids

XylemXylem transports transports water and mineralswater and minerals up up PhloemPhloem transport transport foodfood down down

Allows vascular plants to be much Allows vascular plants to be much largerlarger than than nonvascularnonvascular plants plants

Vascular Plants – 3 Vascular Plants – 3 groupsgroups

1.1. FernsFerns: Reproduce by : Reproduce by alternationalternation of of

generationsgenerations..

2.2. GymnospermsGymnosperms: Plants with : Plants with conescones. .

““Naked SeedsNaked Seeds””

3.3. AngiospermsAngiosperms: Plants with : Plants with flowersflowers. .

““Covered SeedsCovered Seeds.”.”

Most are Most are smallsmall but some grow to but some grow to 20 ft tall20 ft tall

FernsFerns

Fern leaves drop Fern leaves drop spores.spores.

Close up of Spore capsulesClose up of Spore capsules

Q: What other organisms reproduce using spores?Q: What other organisms reproduce using spores?

Spores produce a Spores produce a little leaflittle leaf..

Lives for Lives for 2 weeks2 weeks, and..., and...Lives for Lives for 2 weeks2 weeks, and..., and...

produces produces spermsperm and and eggegg

A A newnew fernfern growsgrows!!

New fernsNew ferns are called are called ““fiddleheadsfiddleheads””

Parts of a fern – Parts of a fern – matching!matching!

1.1. FrondFrond2.2. StalkStalk3.3. RootsRoots4.4. SoriSori5.5. RhizomeRhizome

a. Underground stema. Underground stem

b. Where spores are storedb. Where spores are stored

c. Above ground stemc. Above ground stem

d. Large leafd. Large leaf

e. Takes up water & nutrientse. Takes up water & nutrients

Gymnosperms Gymnosperms (conifers)(conifers)

Gymnosperms Gymnosperms (conifers)(conifers)

Conifers have a Conifers have a male conemale cone and and female conefemale cone..

The female cone produces the The female cone produces the ovulesovules and… and…

The male cone produces the The male cone produces the pollenpollen..

Fertilization of the ovule and Fertilization of the ovule and pollen creates the pollen creates the seedseed..

Gymnosperms (conifers)Gymnosperms (conifers)

Male cones produce Male cones produce pollen (with sperm)! pollen (with sperm)! Pollen blows off in the Pollen blows off in the wind.wind.

Conifers(cone-Conifers(cone-bearers)bearers)

Conifers(cone-Conifers(cone-bearers)bearers)

WOW !!!!!WOW !!!!!

ConifersConifersConifersConifers

The female cone is The female cone is big. Pollen sticks to big. Pollen sticks to it, and fertilizes an it, and fertilizes an egg, making a seed. egg, making a seed.

Angiosperms :Angiosperms : Angiosperms :Angiosperms :

•Most common plantsMost common plants

•Produces pollen (sperm) & egg in Produces pollen (sperm) & egg in flowersflowers

•Produce seedsProduce seeds

AngiospermsAngiosperms

Angiosperms and Angiosperms and Gymnosperms Gymnosperms

have evolved to have evolved to become the become the

dominant plants dominant plants on earth!!on earth!!

Angiosperms and Angiosperms and Gymnosperms Gymnosperms

have evolved to have evolved to become the become the

dominant plants dominant plants on earth!!on earth!!

QuestionsQuestions1.1. What organisms do you think are the What organisms do you think are the

ancestorsancestors of plants? of plants?

2.2. What are the differences between What are the differences between sporesspores and and seedsseeds??

3.3. Why does having Why does having tracheidstracheids allow allow vascular plants to be much larger than vascular plants to be much larger than nonvascular plants? nonvascular plants?