Plant kingdom
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Transcript of Plant kingdom
![Page 1: Plant kingdom](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052323/55851dc4d8b42aea748b4a42/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plant Kingdom
![Page 2: Plant kingdom](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052323/55851dc4d8b42aea748b4a42/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Basic Plant Characteristics
1) Multicellular 2) Eukaryotic3) Cell walls contain
cellulose4) Develop from
multicellular embryos5) Autotrophic make food
by photosynthesis using chlorophyll
![Page 3: Plant kingdom](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052323/55851dc4d8b42aea748b4a42/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What Plants Need to Survive…
• Sunlight• Water • Vitamins/Minerals
• Gas Exchange (O2 and CO2)
• A method of transport to move water and other materials to all parts of plant.
![Page 4: Plant kingdom](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052323/55851dc4d8b42aea748b4a42/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
General Life Cycle Plants
• Two alternating phases:
1) Diploid Phase (Sporophyte)-Sporophyte makes spores by
meiosis-Develop into gametophyte
2) Haploid Phase (Gametophyte)-Produce male and female gametes by mitosis-Gametes eventually join to
form sporophyte
![Page 5: Plant kingdom](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052323/55851dc4d8b42aea748b4a42/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Alternating Phases: Plant Life Cycle
![Page 6: Plant kingdom](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052323/55851dc4d8b42aea748b4a42/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Evolutionary Trends and Plants…
• Ancestors of 1st plants were multicellular green algae
• Plants have evolved specific adaptations to help them survive in a variety of different climates.
• There are 4 major groups of plants which are separated by three distinct features:
1) vascular tissue2) Seeds3) flowers
![Page 7: Plant kingdom](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052323/55851dc4d8b42aea748b4a42/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
4 Major Groups of Plants
Green Algae Ancestor
![Page 8: Plant kingdom](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052323/55851dc4d8b42aea748b4a42/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Plant Review
• Four main groups of plants1. Bryophytes (Moss)2. Seedless vascular plants
(Ferns)3. Gymnosperms (Cone bearing
plants)• Form seeds in “cones.”
4. Angiosperms (Flowering plants)
• Form seeds inside of “flowers.”
SEED PLANTS
NO SEEDS
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Bryophytes
•Non-vascular plants•Obtain/transfer water by osmosis•No true roots, leaves, stems•“Rhizoids”– anchor plant to ground•Low-growing (only few inches high)•Grow moist, shaded areas•Ex) Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
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Life Cycle Bryophytes
• Gametophyte is dominant stage• Depends on water to reproduce• Spore protonema (tangled mass green
filaments) develop into gametophyte plant• Specific structures make reproductive cells at tips
of gametophyte plant• Antheridia = sperm and Archegonia = egg• Join create diploid zygotes = sporophyte stage
![Page 11: Plant kingdom](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052323/55851dc4d8b42aea748b4a42/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Seedless Vascular Plants
• 1st true land plants
• Contain “vascular tissue”
• Ex) Ferns, club moss, horsetails
![Page 12: Plant kingdom](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052323/55851dc4d8b42aea748b4a42/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Structure: Seedless Vascular Plants
• 2 Types of vascular tissue:-xylem – moves water from roots to
all parts of plants-phloem – distributes nutrients and carbohyrates (food) within plant
• Have roots, leaves, and stems-roots – absorb water/nutrients-leaves – site photosynthesis-stems – support plant and connect leaves and roots
• Ferns have strong roots called “rhizomes” and very large leaves called “fronds.”
![Page 13: Plant kingdom](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052323/55851dc4d8b42aea748b4a42/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Fern Life Cycle
• Sporophyte dominant stage• Grow haploid spores underside of fronds in structures
called sporangia (clustered sporangia = sori)• Spores carried by wind and water grow into haploid
gametophyte• Gametophyte makes antheridia and archegonium which
release sperm and eggs.• Zygotes form adult, diploid, sporophyte.
![Page 14: Plant kingdom](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052323/55851dc4d8b42aea748b4a42/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Gymnosperms
•Reproduce with seeds instead of spores•Do not require water for reproduction•Seeds are “exposed” = naked seeds•Seed produced inside cone-like structure •Ex) “Conifers/Evergreens”–fir, spruce, ginko
![Page 15: Plant kingdom](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052323/55851dc4d8b42aea748b4a42/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Angiosperms
• Most common of all land plants.• Seeds develop inside ovary within a
“flower”• Flowers attract animals to support
pollination.• After “fertilization” seed within flower
develops into “fruit.”• Angiosperms = “enclosed seed”• 2 groups angiosperms:
1) Monocots2) Dicots
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Life Spans Angiosperms
• Annuals- survive one season• Biennials- take 2 years to
complete life cycle• Perennials- live many years