Plant genomicsinspacejun02
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Transcript of Plant genomicsinspacejun02
A PLANT GENETIC ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL
SYSTEM FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS
Drs. Terri Lomax and William WinnerDepartment of Botany and Plant Pathology
Oregon State University
Plants will play an important role in any
long-term space exploration……..
.…colonization…..
…..or habitation
Challenges for Plants in Space:
MicrogravityCosmic Radiation
Low AtmosphericPressure High CO2
Temperature????
Adaptable system to measure and optimize the response of plants to any unique space
condition
Plant Genetic Assessment and Control
The Solution:Plant Genomics
in Space Environments
Module
Plant Genetic Assessment
and Control Module
Resource Adjustments:Biological
Activate GenesDeactivate GenesAlter Genes
PhysicalChange lightChange waterChange gasesChange nutrients
Plant-CenteredLife-Support
System
Life Support Outputs:Food Medicines VitaminsGas RecyclingWater RecyclingWaste RecyclingAesthetics/Avocation
Resource Inputs:Biological
PlantsSeed/sporesMicrobes
PhysicalLightWaterGasesNutrients
Plants respond to their environment by changing gene expression
Plant Genetic Assessment and Control Module
e.g. high CO2
mRNA transcription from the Rubisco gene
Increased Rubisco protein
Increased photosynthesis outputs
25,000to
60,000+
EnvironmentalControl of Genes
PhysiologicalProcesses
Life SupportOutputs
PlantGenes
123456789
Photosynthesis
Respiration
NitrogenAssimilation
All otherprocesses
FoodMedicinesVitaminsReduce CO2Generate O2Recycle WaterRecycle WastesCoolingHeatShadeAestheticsAvocation
Plant GeneticAssessment Module- Microarray technology
ChangeEnvironment
Basic Architecture for Plant Genomics in Space Environments
Modify Genes
ModifyEcosystem
Gene/patternIdentification
OptimizedPerformance
ModifyEnvironment
SpaceEnvironmental
Condition
Test Plant RNA
DNAMicroarrays
Arabidopsis thaliana:
• model plant system2010 Project
• defined gravitropic response
• genome sequence complete
• small size
• rapid generation time
• space-flown
Basic Architecture for Plant Genomics in Space
SpaceEnvironmental
Condition
Test Plant RNA
DNAMicroarrays
Plant Genomics in Space Environments
Microarray Technology• temporal and spatial
gene expression • Affymetrix Arabidopsis
gene chips with over 8200 genes
- next generation chipw/entire genomedue this summer
• provides information on gene involvement in a process or pathway
Microarrays carry DNA representing 10,000s of gene
MeasuringGene
Expressionwith
Microarrays
Rat kidney cell cultures in the Biological Specimen Temperature Controller
(BSTC) on STS-90
heat shock proteinsshear stress proteins transcription factors
Courtesy Tulane Environmental Astrobiology Center
Basic Architecture for Plant Functional Genomics
SpaceEnvironmental
Condition
Test Plant RNA
DNAMicroarrays
GeneIdentification
Data Mining:Plant Genome Sequence Databases
Phase I - Issues & Accomplishments
√ Test plant Arabidopsis thaliana as model system to identify genes involved in the gravitropic response
√ Optimize sample preparation for differential
expression analysis
√ Affymetrix Microarray analysis
√ Identify genes whose expression increases
Arabidopsis
DNAMicroarrays
ArabidopsisDatabase
ArabidopsisRNA
Phase II - Plant Genetic Assessment and Control
SystemBased on uniquecombination of systems:
• Rapid advances in plant genomics• Microarray technology to measure
gene expression• Bioinformatics• Physiological monitoring
Plant Genomics in Space EnvironmentsPhase II:
Continue testing feasibility of microarrayanalysis
Introduce additional environmental conditi
space-flown plant material
high CO2
OSU Controlled Environment Chamb
Plant Genomics in Space EnvironmentsPhase II:
Continue testing feasibility of microarrayanalysis
Introduce additional environmental conditionsspace-flown plant materialhigh CO2
Assess the key technology issues for developinga Plant Genetic Assessment and Control Module
Plant Genomics in Space EnvironmentsKey Technology Issue - Size:
The Future: 2002-2020
Expand collaborations with NASA, Affymetrix, and AVI Biopharma (gene knockouts)to develop remote technologies
Work with engineers to optimize module for space flight/habitat
Adapt approach to additional plant systems as data and technologies evolve
Acknowledgements:
Oregon State University:TJ WhiteRex ColeThe Center for Gene Research and Biotechnolo
Damon Taylor
Patrick IversonDavid Stein