Plant Galls of Alaska - akentsoc.org · New plant tissue stimulated • Rose spiny galls • Some...
Transcript of Plant Galls of Alaska - akentsoc.org · New plant tissue stimulated • Rose spiny galls • Some...
Plant Galls of Alaska
Dominique Collet
Galls are plant tissues modified by another organism
Gall-inducing Organisms
• Nematodes • Fungi • Bacteria • Plant • Algae • Acarina (mites) • Insects
Galled organisms
Algae Fungi
Lichens
Flowering plants
Gall Types
Plant tissue growth inhibited : Leaf rolls Rosette galls Willow beaked galls Cottonwood petiole galls • New plant tissue stimulated • Rose spiny galls • Some stem galls
Common Alaskan Plants Affected by Galls
Achillea sp. Cecidomyiidae Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi Tamalia coweni (Aphididae) Betula Massalongia spp., Oligotrophus spp., (Cecidomyiidae) Calamagrostis canadensis Mayetiola sp. (Cecidomyiidae) Epilobium angustifolium Mompha sp. (Momphidae) Picea glauca: Adelges spp., Pineus spp. (Adelgidae) Populus trichocarpa Pemphigus sp. (Eriosomatidae)
Eriophiidae Rosa spp. Diplolepis spp. (Cynipidae) Salix spp. Rabdophaga spp., Iteomyia spp.(Cecidomyiidae) Euura spp., Pontania spp., Phyllocolpa spp. (Tenthredinidae) Eriophiidae
Galling arthropods
• Eriophyiid mites (pouch galls) • Sawflies: stem galls (Euura), leaf
margin roll (Phyllocolpa), leaf galls (Pontania)
• Cecidomyiidae: stem galls, bud galls, petiole galls (Rabdophaga)
• Aphids: petiole galls (Adelges, Pemphigus)
Plant Organ Galled
• Leaf buds • Stem • Flower buds- fruits- seeds • Roots
Tortricidae leaf roll on birch
Tamalia coweni leaf margin roll on Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi
Phyllocolpa sp. leaf margin roll on Salix alaxensis
Eriophiid mites induced leaf curling on Populus balsamiferous
Epilobium angustifolium stem gall induced by Mompha sp.
Mompha sp. caterpillars inside the gall
Calamagrostis canadensis and Arctagrostis latifolia inflorescences galled by Mayetiola spp. (Cecidomyiidae)
Diplolepis polita and its spiny galls on Rosa acicularis
Revision in progress of the taxonomy of Euura, Phyllocolpa and Pontania of Alaska by Dr. Jens Peter Kopelke of the Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt, Germany.
Euura sp. Pontania spp.- induced galls on willow
Cross-section showing the location of gall-inducer larva chambers
Larva in a single chamber Single empty
chamber
Rabdophaga rosaria and R. strobiloides galls
Multiple chambers
S. sitchensis S. pulchra S. bebbiana
S. barclayi
S. glauca
S. richardsonii
S. barclayi
S. commutata
S. fuscescens
S. myrtillifolia S. pulchra
S. bebbiana
S. babylonica S. sitchensis
Rabdophaga specimens inducing rosettes on these willows are included in a comparative DNA study with similar Japanese and European specimens by Dr. Junici Yukawa and Shinsuke Sato at the University of Kyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
Rabdophaga rigidae galls on Salix
S. glauca
S. alaxensis
S. myrtillifolia S. fuscescens
S. barclayi
S. bebbiana
S. pulchra
Galls useful for the winter identification of Alaskan willows
S. pulchra
S. bebbiana S. arbusculoides
S. barclayi
S. sitchensis
S. glauca