Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be...

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Plant Functions BIOL 1407

Transcript of Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be...

Page 1: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Plant Functions

BIOL 1407

Page 2: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Essential Nutrients

• Chemicals that organism cannot produce

• Must be acquired from environment

• Required to complete life cycle

• Photo Credit: BIOL 1407 Student, Austin Nature Center, Fall 2006

Page 3: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Macronutrients

• Large quantities– Carbon– Hydrogen– Oxygen– Nitrogen– Sulfur– Phosphorus– Potassium– Calcium– Magnesium

Zea mays Vascular Bundle (Orange = Sclerenchyma)

Photo Credit: Barnading, 2002, Wikimedia Commons

Page 4: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Micronutrients

• Tiny quantities• Cofactors or

components of enzyme systems

Page 5: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.
Page 6: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Source of Plant Nutrients

• Inorganic Compounds

– Soil

– Air

Page 7: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Transport Systems

• Why are they necessary?

Page 8: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Types of Transport

• Cell Transport– Across membrane

• Short-distance– Diffusion from cell to

cell

• Long-distance– Bulk Flow– Down pressure

gradients

Page 9: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Absorption of Water & Minerals

• From soil (most)• Absorption

– Diffusion– Osmosis– Facilitated

Diffusion– Active Transport

Page 10: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Mineral Uptake: Cation Exchange

• Cations firmly bound to soil particles

• Roots secrete H+ – Directly by H+

pump– Indirectly by

cellular respiration

Page 11: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Short-Distance Transport

• Lateral Transport – Symplast

Pathway– Apoplast

Pathway– Transmembrane

Pathway

Page 12: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Short-Distance Transport in Roots

Page 13: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Long-Distance Transport

• Xylem– Water – Minerals

• Phloem– Organic

compounds

Page 14: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Xylem

Page 15: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Xylem Transport

• Root Pressure• Cohesion and

Adhesion of Water in Xylem tubes

• Transpiration

Page 16: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Root Pressure

• Loading of water and minerals into xylem vessels hydrostatic pressure in stele

Page 17: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Cohesion &

Adhesion

Page 18: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Transpiration

• Evaporation of water from plant surfaces

• Mainly through leaf stomata

Page 19: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Transpiration Pull

Page 20: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.
Page 21: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.
Page 22: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.
Page 23: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Shoot Gas Exchange

• Leaves– Cuticle– Stomata – Opening– Guard Cells –

Regulate Gas Exchange

• Stem– Lenticels

• Photo Credit of Lenticels: Sten Porse, 2007, Wikimedia Commons

Page 24: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Root Gas Exchange

• No cuticle • No stomata

Page 25: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Phloem Transport

• Sugar Sources• Sugar Sinks

Page 26: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Phloem Cells

Page 27: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Lateral Transport of Sugars

Page 28: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Apoplast

Sieve tube element or companion cell

Page 29: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.
Page 30: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Phloem Transport

Page 31: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

Plant Video

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J1PqUB7Tu3Y

Page 32: Plant Functions BIOL 1407. Essential Nutrients Chemicals that organism cannot produce Must be acquired from environment Required to complete life cycle.

The End

Unless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from:

Campbell, et al. 2008. Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.