Plant biotech….

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Plant cell systems Sebastian Alvarado

Transcript of Plant biotech….

Page 1: Plant biotech….

Plant cell systems

Sebastian Alvarado

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Why plants?

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VERY SUCCESSFUL

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BANANA CRISIS

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Prices increasing…..

Why?

Do you like to eat eat eat apples and bananas?

Cavendish

The banana is optimized for a consumer market

8 BILLION dollars a year…. How do you like them bananas?

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How do we make bananas?

• Musa acuminata /balbisiana hybrid• The Cavendish is the most commonly bought

sold and eaten variety of banana…• Their very production is bottlenecks their

genetics….• Gros Michelle 1950s– Resistant to fungicide– Banana roots– All plantations destroyed

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Banana Genetics

• Sterility is caused by triploidy

• No ability to undergo meiosis

• No sex for bananas

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Transgenic future for the banana?

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What types of traits do we try to confer to plants?

• Pest Resistance• Disease resistance• Drought resistance• Nutrient/Pharmaceuticals

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Good ol’ days of genetic manipulations

• Mutation breeding….• Exposing plants to mutagens and handpicking

those that could be bred to a useful crop.

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Reverse Genetics

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Resistance to disease/pests

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What was the first GM plant?

• Tobacco (1986)• Resistant to herbicides• Streamline Tobacco production pipelines

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Sidenote…. Do all small molecules target perfectly?

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Roundup ready…

VS

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Pest resistance

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Bt

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Drought resistance

• Adaptations to stomata• Water storage• Root systems• Trichomes (absorption)• Waxy Cuticle

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Sidenote: Insectivorous plants

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Pests?

LOL

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Any other traits worth checking out?

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Discuss

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Transfection

• Agrobacterium• Gold gun• Viruses

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How would you identify your transformants?

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Golden Gun

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And viruses

• Tobacco mosaic virus• Cauliflower mosaic virus• CaMV 35S….. STRONG PROMOTER

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Terminator seed technologies

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$$$

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