Plant & Animal Cells

Robert Hooke discovered the first cells. Cork Cells were thought to have been these cells. Anton von Leeuwenhoek was first to observe one celled living things. Examples of these were bacteria and parameciums.

The Cell Theory

All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

Cells are the smallest living things.

All organisms living today are descendents of an ancestral cell.

Cells arise only by division of previously existing cells.

The cell theory (proposed independently in 1838 and 1839) is a cornerstone of biology.

Schleiden

Schwann

Two Fundamentally Different Types of Cells

A prokaryotic cell

A eukaryotic cell

Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

Animal and Plant Cells Have More Similarities Than Differences

Cytosol

Cytoplasm refers to the jelly-like material with organelles in it. If the organelles were removed, the soluble part that would be left is called the cytosol. It consists mainly of water with dissolved substances such as amino acids in it.

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

NucleusNucleolus

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

1. Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts:

1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

NucleusNucleolus Ribosomes

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

2. Ribosomes Function: makes proteins Found in all cells, prokaryotic and

eukaryotic

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery

system of the cell

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

NucleusNucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types:

1. Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has

ribosomes Function: helps make proteins, that’s

why it has ribosomes2. Smooth ER:

NO ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

NucleusNucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Complex

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

4. Golgi Complex Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, and

transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell

Appearance: stack of pancakes

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

NucleusNucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes)

Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: to break down food into

particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

Cell suicide (suicide is bad for cells, but good for us!)

(The lysosome is not found in plant cells)

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal CellsAnimal Cell

NucleusNucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

MitochondriaCell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

6. Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy formation

Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell

activities that require energy

Animal Cell

NucleusNucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

MitochondriaCell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

7. Vacuole (central) Function: stores water

This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is no water, the plant wilts

The Central Vacuole Controls Turgor Pressure

The Central Vacuole Controls Turgor Pressure

flaccid

turgid

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

8. Chloroplasts Function: traps energy from the sun

to produce food for the plant cell Green in color because of

chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

Chloroplasts

Think of the chloroplast as the solar panel of the plant cell.

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

9. Cell Wall Function: provides support and

protection to the cell membrane Found outside the cell membrane in

plant cells

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm