Plant Adaptations

Hr 8 +Bio 3

Venus Fly TrapVenus Fly Trap

By: Alex Motley & Sophia BaikBy: Alex Motley & Sophia Baik

http://www.botany.org/bsa/misc/carn.html

Rapid ResponseRapid Response

A rapid response is not a tropism A rapid response is not a tropism because it doesn’t involve growth. because it doesn’t involve growth.

A rapid response is a response to a A rapid response is a response to a plants environment (ie. light and touch) plants environment (ie. light and touch) that takes place quickly and doesn’t that takes place quickly and doesn’t involve growth. involve growth.

Information from textbookInformation from textbook

How the Fly Trap WorksHow the Fly Trap Works

The insect triggers sensory hairs inside the fly The insect triggers sensory hairs inside the fly traps leaf causing the leaf to close.traps leaf causing the leaf to close.

The hairs cause the leaf to close by sending The hairs cause the leaf to close by sending electrical signals to other cells resulting in a electrical signals to other cells resulting in a change in osmotic pressure and cell wall change in osmotic pressure and cell wall expansion, so the leaf snaps shut.expansion, so the leaf snaps shut.

Information from textbookInformation from textbook Click Here Click Here for a movie of the Venus Fly Trap for a movie of the Venus Fly Trap

ClosingClosing

Bamboo Reproduction

Reproduction by rhizomes

• Bamboo does not reproduce through seeds, meaning they reproduce through vegetative reproduction. Bamboo reproduces by growing stalks from an underground rhizome.

Rhizome

• Sometimes many stalks can be packed tightly together on a single rhizome, and it would be considered a single bamboo plant.

• Because of this bamboo is one of the fastest growing plant on earth.

http://www.bambubrasileiro.com/info/plantio/i1.html

Bishop Pine (Dormancy)

Nalini & Angela

Dormancy

• Bishop Pines uses fire to regenerate itself.

• Since their seeds are protected tightly, they need heat to expose.

• When a fire burns a mature stand, the existing trees are killed, but the seeds

released from their cones sprout quickly on the freshly exposed soil.

Dormancy Cont.

• This allows the seeds to grow in a larger area and larger species.

• Bishop pine is highly flammable, and rarely survives a fire.

• They makeup for this because their seeds germinate by fire or heat.

http://www.nps.gov/pore/parkmgmt/upload/firemanagement_visionfire_trailguide.pdf

Cypress Trees Cypress Trees Aquatic Adaptations Aquatic Adaptations

By: Alexis EacretBy: Alexis Eacret

Victoria KopeckyVictoria Kopecky

Aquatic AdaptationsAquatic Adaptations

Buttress Trunks- tress are wide and Buttress Trunks- tress are wide and swollen swollen

This helps hold the tree up in soggy soilThis helps hold the tree up in soggy soil

Continued…Continued…

““Knees”- special Knees”- special roots that stick up out roots that stick up out of the water of the water

These are organs These are organs that connect the root that connect the root to the airto the air

http://dcm2.enr.state.nc.us/wetlands/Coastal_Explorers/cpfmodule/swamp/swamp_plants1.htm

Ethylene GasEthylene GasBy: Alice Kofman and Adam By: Alice Kofman and Adam

LawrenceLawrence

Ethylene GasEthylene Gas

Odorless, colorless gas that exists in Odorless, colorless gas that exists in nature and is also created by man-made nature and is also created by man-made sources sources

the largest producers are plant and plant the largest producers are plant and plant products which produce ethylene within products which produce ethylene within their tissues and release it into the their tissues and release it into the surrounding atmosphere surrounding atmosphere

Controls the ripening and decay of fruit.Controls the ripening and decay of fruit. Some people put fruit in brown paper Some people put fruit in brown paper

bags, as ethylene gas builds up and bags, as ethylene gas builds up and quickens the process of ripeningquickens the process of ripening

Fruits, vegetables and flowers contain Fruits, vegetables and flowers contain receptorsreceptors which serve as bonding sites to which serve as bonding sites to absorb free atmospheric ethylene absorb free atmospheric ethylene moleculesmolecules

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F5162127%2F5162128%2F05163662.pdf%3Farnumber%3D5163662&authDecision=-203

PeachesPeaches

Split-pit fruits such as peaches produce a great Split-pit fruits such as peaches produce a great amount of ethylene gas, which is what initially amount of ethylene gas, which is what initially causes fruits to ripen or decay.causes fruits to ripen or decay.

Since they have more ethylene, they ripen Since they have more ethylene, they ripen faster.faster.

It is important not to store It is important not to store fruits that produce ethylene gasfruits that produce ethylene gastogethertogether

http://www.mindfully.org/Plastic/Ethylene-Gas.htm

Joe and Ishani

Maple leaves

Abscission• End of summer, Phytochrome in leaves absorbs less

light as days shorten and nights become longer. • Chemical pathways for chlorophyll synthesis stops first.

When light destroys the remaining green pigment and other pigments like yellow and orange appear.

• Glucose is trapped inside the leaves after photosynthesis stop. Sunlight and cool nights cause leaves to turn into a red color.

• Sugars, amino acids, and minerals like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are transported from the leaves to woody tissue.

• Chlorophyll is broken down which leave behind an orange and yellow pigment.

• Leaf abscission is controlled by a complex system of hormones, responding to lower temperatures and light intensity and to shoter day length.

Winter dormancy

• Enters dormant state

• Tree leaves fall off and the stem will turn brown

• To “winterize” your maple, fertilize around the root zone in mid-fall, and saturate the roots before the ground freezes.

Works cited

• Pictures: http://www.desktoprating.com/wallpapers/nature-wallpapers-pictures/fall-of-autumn-leaves-wallpaper.jpg

• http://bio.bd.psu.edu/plant_web/Aceraceae/Sugar_Maple_03a_Leaf.jpg

• Information:• http://www.butler.edu/herbarium/fallcolor/le

aveschange.htm

Joe and Ishani

Maple leaves

Abscission• End of summer, Phytochrome in leaves absorbs less

light as days shorten and nights become longer. • Chemical pathways for chlorophyll synthesis stops first.

When light destroys the remaining green pigment and other pigments like yellow and orange appear.

• Glucose is trapped inside the leaves after photosynthesis stop. Sunlight and cool nights cause leaves to turn into a red color.

• Sugars, amino acids, and minerals like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are transported from the leaves to woody tissue.

• Chlorophyll is broken down which leave behind an orange and yellow pigment.

• Leaf abscission is controlled by a complex system of hormones, responding to lower temperatures and light intensity and to shoter day length.

Winter dormancy

• Enters dormant state

• Tree leaves fall off and the stem will turn brown

• To “winterize” your maple, fertilize around the root zone in mid-fall, and saturate the roots before the ground freezes.

Works cited

• Pictures: http://www.desktoprating.com/wallpapers/nature-wallpapers-pictures/fall-of-autumn-leaves-wallpaper.jpg

• http://bio.bd.psu.edu/plant_web/Aceraceae/Sugar_Maple_03a_Leaf.jpg

• Information:• http://www.butler.edu/herbarium/fallcolor/le

aveschange.htm

MistletoeMistletoe

By: Winnie Truong and Rachel By: Winnie Truong and Rachel YeomYeom

Mistletoe-parasite Mistletoe-parasite

• Mistletoe plants grow on a wide range of Mistletoe plants grow on a wide range of host trees, and commonly reduce their host trees, and commonly reduce their growth but can kill them with heavy growth but can kill them with heavy infestation by sending out their roots.infestation by sending out their roots.

• Almost all mistletoes are hemi-parasites, Almost all mistletoes are hemi-parasites, bearing evergreen leaves that do some bearing evergreen leaves that do some photosynthesis, and using the host photosynthesis, and using the host mainly for water and mineral nutrients. mainly for water and mineral nutrients.

• Mistletoes take root in old, mature Mistletoes take root in old, mature trees weakening them by sucking trees weakening them by sucking their food and water. When their their food and water. When their berries ripen they explode shooting berries ripen they explode shooting out seeds to distances 50 feet. Seeds out seeds to distances 50 feet. Seeds that land on young trees and that land on young trees and germinate will steal nutrients from germinate will steal nutrients from the saplings.the saplings.

BibliographyBibliography

• http://riversaredamp.files.wordpress.http://riversaredamp.files.wordpress.com/2006/12/mistletoe.jpgcom/2006/12/mistletoe.jpg

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistletoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistletoe

• http://news.nationalgeographic.com/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/12/1220_021226_mistletonews/2002/12/1220_021226_mistletoe.htmle.html

Poison Ivy- Poison Ivy- ThigmotropismThigmotropismSpencer CiociSpencer Cioci

Becca SchulteBecca Schulte

ThigmotropismThigmotropism

Thigmotropism is a type of tropism where a Thigmotropism is a type of tropism where a plant responds to touch.plant responds to touch.

The degree of change that a plant has with The degree of change that a plant has with respect to thigmotropism varies depending on respect to thigmotropism varies depending on the plant.the plant.

Some plant have a severe change due to touch Some plant have a severe change due to touch but others don’t.but others don’t.

Biology BookBiology Book

Poison Ivy and Poison Ivy and ThigmotropismThigmotropism

Unlike normal plants, poison ivy grows Unlike normal plants, poison ivy grows sideways and twists in circles as it grows.sideways and twists in circles as it grows.

It will grow like this until it touches an object.It will grow like this until it touches an object. Then it grabs onto the object and wraps around Then it grabs onto the object and wraps around

it as it grows.it as it grows.

Biology BookBiology Book

Seedless OrangesSeedless Oranges

By Jansen Baja and Dhru DaveBy Jansen Baja and Dhru Dave

YuM!!

Are made so there is no genetic Are made so there is no genetic variation made with seeds so they can variation made with seeds so they can make a perfect copy every timemake a perfect copy every time

Plant propagation Plant propagation

In plant propagation horticulturists use cuttings, grafting, or In plant propagation horticulturists use cuttings, grafting, or budding to make many identical copies of a plant or to budding to make many identical copies of a plant or to produce offspring from seedless plantsproduce offspring from seedless plants

Grafting is used with fruit trees where a branch from one Grafting is used with fruit trees where a branch from one tree is cut and attached to another fruit tree. When done at tree is cut and attached to another fruit tree. When done at the right time when sap is running high the graft will easily the right time when sap is running high the graft will easily grow onto the parent tree using the tree as a source of grow onto the parent tree using the tree as a source of nutritionnutrition

Book and Book and http://www.wisegeek.com/how-are-seedless-http://www.wisegeek.com/how-are-seedless-fruits-and-vegetables-grown.htm fruits-and-vegetables-grown.htm

Strawberry and StolonsStrawberry and Stolons

Thuy and NaishadhThuy and Naishadh

Vegetative Reproduction Vegetative Reproduction

The terminal buds of The terminal buds of these runners (stolons) these runners (stolons) turn up and produce turn up and produce daughter plants some daughter plants some distance away from the distance away from the parent, the new plants parent, the new plants developing adventitious developing adventitious rootsroots

http://www.life.illinois.edu/help/digitalflowers/picts/Vegetative/24-%20Strawberry%20stolons.jpg

http://www.biology-resources.com/documents/plants-vr-08-runners.doc

Cont.Cont.

Known also as vegetative propagation or vegetative Known also as vegetative propagation or vegetative cloning, strawberries grow new plants without cloning, strawberries grow new plants without producing seeds or spores. producing seeds or spores.

What people think of as strawberry seeds that cover What people think of as strawberry seeds that cover the berry are not in fact their primary means of the berry are not in fact their primary means of propagation. propagation.

One reason to grow from seed is if you want a non-One reason to grow from seed is if you want a non-hybridized or heirloom varietal of strawberry or if hybridized or heirloom varietal of strawberry or if you are not in any hurry to produce a crop in the you are not in any hurry to produce a crop in the immediate season immediate season

http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4911394_strawberry-plants-reproduce.html

TobaccoTobaccoBy: Tess Dobkin and Jeff BoninBy: Tess Dobkin and Jeff Bonin

Nicotine from tobacco is extremely toxic to insectsNicotine from tobacco is extremely toxic to insects Nonhazardous due to it short persistenceNonhazardous due to it short persistence Effective against ground and soil pests such as root aphids, as Effective against ground and soil pests such as root aphids, as

well as leaf-chewing insectswell as leaf-chewing insects Tobacco teas sometimes prepared by home gardeners to Tobacco teas sometimes prepared by home gardeners to

control garden pests control garden pests Any nicotine solution toxic enough to kill insects can also be Any nicotine solution toxic enough to kill insects can also be

harmful to humans harmful to humans Auxins cause Phototropism, tendency to bend toward lightAuxins cause Phototropism, tendency to bend toward light Source: Source:

http://www.canadiancountrywoman.com/garden/bugrecipes.phhttp://www.canadiancountrywoman.com/garden/bugrecipes.phpp

Source: http://corditecountryshownotes.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/tobacco-nicotiana-tabacum.jpg

Petals