Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
-
Upload
prasun-roy-chaudhuri -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
1/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
2/78
The city was designed by the British and couldnot cope up with the conditions of moderntraffic increase.
There were different commissions set up tocheck for the feasibility of sub urban train lines.
There were reports by different commissions toup over-ground circular railways.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
3/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
4/78
Cities Population(in millions)
Kilometers ofrapid transit line
Year of operation
London 7.0 410 1863
Paris 8.5 240 1900
New York 17.2 370 1868
Moscow 8.0 182 1935
Tokyo 24.3 190 1927
Kolkata 9.0 10 1984
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
5/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
6/78
- KolkatawasfirstMetro.- Ideain1949byChiefMinister.-
MetropolitanTransportProject(MTP)setupin1969underMinistryofRailways- Workoffirstlinesanctionedin1972.- Workstartedin1973-
74andcompletedin1995in6parts,
first
inOct,
1984.
DumDum
(Airport)
to
Tollygunge16.4Kms.,17stationsentirelyunderground.- Delaysduetopaucityoffunds,u/gutilities,court
injunctions,non-availabilityofvitalmaterial.
Historical Background of Metro
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
7/78
http://updateox.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/kolkata-metro-proposed-root-map.jpg -
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
8/78
The land is flat and clayey in nature.
Most of it alluvial deposits due to the riverdelta formation.
The maximum elevation of the land is 9m withand average elevation of 6m from sea level.
The land mass on the east and western sides
are tidal marsh land.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
9/78
The climate is tropical.
There are distinct seasons.
There is a hot season followed by the
monsoons and a dry cold season.
Highest ever recorded temperature 43.9C in June,1924
Lowest recorded temperature 6.1C in January, 1962
Highest rainfall in 24 hours 369.6mm (28-9-78)
Highest humidity 100%
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
10/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
11/78
Drainage is a major factor in any undergroundconstruction since any underground is prone toflooding.
The drainage is done by sewer system which ismanaged by Kolkata Municipal Corporation.
Due to heavy rains and flooding the metrostation entry is kept at 500mm above thehighest flood point at the location.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
12/78
Name of the station Level of crown of road(meters)
Highest flood level(meters)
Tollygunge +4.98 +5.16
Kalighat +4.26 +4.36
Rabindra Sadan +4.17 +4.65
Park Street +5.10 +5.10
Chandni Chowk +5.7 +5.7
M G Road +3.96 +4.64
Syambazar +5.43 +5.53
Dumdum Jn Elevated station
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
13/78
India lies in an earthquake belt and manyregions are subjected to frequent earthquakethus the seismic monitoring is very important
before construction. Kolkata falls in seismic ZONE III with and
horizontal seismic coefficient of 0.04 to 0.06.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
14/78
Preliminary soil investigation was done by50m borehole at 500m.
Detailed investigation was done by sinking
30m borehole at 100m interval. The primary strata is Gangetic alluvium no
borehole has been able to penetrate beyond it.
The top soil is soft except for the upper layerwhich is firm and stiffness increases as depthinceases.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
15/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
16/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
17/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
18/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
19/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
20/78
Top stratum(reduced level Approx in meters)
Highest Lowest
Stratum I Light brown sandy silt Ground level generally at 0.00
Stratum II Grey or dark silty claywith semi decomposedtimber
+0.25 -11.5
Stratum III Bluish grey silty clay -8.0 -17.5
Stratum IV Brown sandy silt -13.0 -22.0
Stratum V Brown or grey clay -15.0 -35.0
Stratum VI Brown or light brownsilty fine sand
-30.0 -45.0
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
21/78
Stratum type Natural moisture
content
Cohesion
CKg/cm2
Angle of friction
degree
Stratum I 30 0.28 0
Stratum II 55 0.28 0
Stratum III 30 0.56 0
Stratum IV 26 to 32 0.42 15 to 33
Av 32
Stratum V 22 to 25 1.05 0
Stratum VI 29 to 30 -- 40
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
22/78
There was a huge traffic congestion in thecentral business district of Kolkata.
Type oftransport In bound traffic Outbound traffic
Morningpeak hours
Daily total Eveningpeak hours
Daily total
Tram 48,019 3,91,230 43,247 3,79,661
Bus 36,278 3,44,685 33,247 3,39,986
Total 84,294 7,35,915 76,970 7,19,647
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
23/78
Road area is not adequate to support the amount of traffic
we have. Uneven footpath allocation and utilization. Some areas have 6 to 10 feet wide footpath where no people
walks. 80% of Kolkata footpath is occupied by hawkers. Our habit - we do not like to walk on footpath. Even where
there is no hawker onfootpath people prefer to walk on road.
All the road sides are used for parking for Taxi, Private cars,School bus etc.
Not enough or none at all parking spaces available. People walking on road never want to abide by the signal.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
24/78
Stations Predicted passenger entry per day in1990
Dum Dum 1,23,000
Syambazar 1,43,000
M G Road 1,02,000
Esplanade 1,23,000
Park street 51,000
Kalighat 1,71,000
Tollygunge 1,96,000
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
25/78
The transit system is chosen to be a double railsystem and mostly underground as there wasno space for over ground space for construction
of that magnitude. The 1st transit line was for Rapid Transport
System was to be constructed betweenDumDum in the north and Tollygunge in the
south. The stations are approximately 1km apart and
is located at places of public interest.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
26/78
After the route was fixed the main thing usedin the system the coach dimensions other
factors like moving dimension and fixeddimensions are calculated.
This was used to predict the required clearancefor peak hour traffic.
Based on these calculations and dimensions thefleet of cars were decided.
This helped in calculation of peak hour traffic
and gave an average idea of the dimensions ofthe stations and platforms based on the peakrush hour passengers.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
27/78
In case of Kolkata metro the signaling systemof international standard is considered such
that trains can be run at close intervals to eachother.
The frequency of the trains are scaled up ordown during peak hours and off peak hours
thus increasing passenger carrying efficiency.
The optimum rake size that was to be allowedwas
Length over couplers 20.3 meters
Width 2.74 meters
Height 3.70 meters
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
28/78
Station stop time is a important factor to beplanned .
The station stop time should be such that it
gives enough time for passengers to de boardand get aboard the train while now allowingthe train to idle in the platform for too long.
The optimum time was predicted to be 30 secper station while the average speed of35km/hr with a top speed of 80km/hr.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
29/78
General features
Gauge 1676mm (5-6)
Length
a) Centre to centre of the termini 16.450km
b) Total length 17.185kmc) Length of connection to car depot 0.877km
d) Total including car depot 18.062km
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
30/78
Number of station
A. Underground stations 15
B. Elevated 1C. Surface 1
Distance between stationsA. Average 1.028km
B. Maximum 2.151km (DumDum to Belgachia)
C. Minimum 0.597km(Chandni Chowk to Central)
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
31/78
Expected traffic when full section is opened
Average weekday traffic
1. Year of opening 1.32 million2. 5 years after opening 1.53 million
3. 12 years after opening 1.73 million
One way peak hour volume1. Year of opening 51,000 passengers
2. 5 years of opening 60,000 passengers
3. 12 years of opening 67,000 passengersAverage trip length 6.80 km
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
32/78
Train frequency during peak hours
1. Year of opening 24 pairs/hr
2. 5 years after opening 28 pairs/hr3. 12 years after opening 31 pairs/hr
4. Theoretical 40 pairs/hr
Number of trains per day
1. Year of opening 311
2. 5 years after opening 3743. 12 years after opening 429
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
33/78
Number of coaches to be procured
1. Year of opening 232
2. 5 years after opening 264
3. 12 years after opening 304
Train composition 8 coaches 163 in length
1. Driving coach 2
2. Non driving motor coach 43. Trailer coach 2
Class of accommodation One class
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
34/78
Carrying capacity
1. Driving motor coach 42 sitting 259 standing
2. Non driving coach 48 sitting 278 standing3. Trailer coach 48 sitting 278 standing
4. Total 8 coaches 372 sitting 2186 standing
Coach dimension1. Length (buffer to buffer) 20.40 m
2. Width (outer to outer) 2.74 m
3. Height (above rail level) 3.70 m4. Maximum axle load 17.00 tones
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
35/78
Acceleration
1. Maximum 1.1 m/sec2
2. Jerk rate 0.75 m/sec2
Deceleration
1. Service 1.1 m/sec2
2. Emergency 1.3 m/sec2Speed
1. Maximum 80 km/hr
2. Schedule 30 km/hrStation stop time 30 sec
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
36/78
Traction system
A. Voltage 750v DC
B. Current collector 3rd rail (return running rail)C. Braking electro dynamic and pneumatic
D. Motors
Bhel 93KW 338v 310 ANGEF 160KW 675v 265 A
Controls rheostatic and thyristor/ GTO
Door operation electro pneumatic
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
37/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
38/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
39/78
Main parameters
1. Max temperature (in stations) 30 C
2. Max temperature (in tunnels) 32.8 C
3. Max relative humidity (stations) 87%
4. Max relative humidity (tunnels) 77%
5. Max air velocity (stations) 3m/sec
6. Max air velocity (tunnels) 2.5m/sec7. Air changes in station 29 times per hour
8. Air changes in tunnels 12 times per hour
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
40/78
Method of construction
1. Reinforced concrete box 13.874 km
2. Driven tunnel with C.I or R.C 1.232 km
3. Elevated length 1.584 km
4. Surface trough 1.372 km
5. Total 18.062 km
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
41/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
42/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
43/78
Platforms
Length All 170m
Height above rails 1.03m
Type andwidth
DumDum 2 side platform5.0m & 7.0m wide
Central One island platform8.26m and 2 sideones with 4.13m
Park street 2 side platform of5.5 m each
Tollygunge 2 side platform6.0m wide
Otherstations
Island platform10.26m and 8.26m
and 1.03m
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
44/78
Depth of station
Underground station
depth of station from ground level
maximum at central 12.854 m
minimum at park street 6.920 m
Elevated stationheight above ground
Height above ground 6.975 m
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
45/78
Box tunnel dimensions
Box section
Tangent track 8.19 X 4.64 m internal
Curved track 200m rad 9.04X4.15 m internal
Bored tunnel
Single track 5.10 m internal dia
5.50 m external dia
Horizontal alignment
minimum rad of curvatureIn block section 200m
In stations 1000m
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
46/78
Gradient abstract
Steepest grade
In running line 1 in 50
In connection to depot 1 in 25
Longest continuous length 0.726kmof gradient in running line
Level line longest length 0.627km
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
47/78
Vertical alignment
Gradient
a) Max running line gradient 2%b) Min track gradient between station 0.3
c) Max track gradient in coach depot 4%
d) Min track gradient at station 0.2%e) Max track gradient at station 0.2%
Vertical curveMin radius of vertical curve 2000m
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
48/78
Curve abstract
Ratio of total curve length
Tollygunge to Dumdum 38.84%
Dumdum to Tollygunge 38.47%
Average amount of curvature per KmTollygunge to Dumdum 388 m
Dumdum to Tollygunge 384.7m
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
49/78
Track structure
a) Main tracks are ballast less and consists of
60kg rails with elastic fastenings on concretebed.
b) In the depots the tracks consists of 44.61 kg/m
or 90R rails on sleepers resting on ballasts.c) 1 in 10 points and crossings are on wooden
sleepers resting in ballast in running lines and1 in 8 for car depot.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
50/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
51/78
Most of the underground tunnels was done byusing cut and cover method.
In cases where the tunnel had to go under a
water body like near Syambazar shieldtunneling was done
Shield tunneling was also used to tunnel underthe Chitpur rail yards where the rail yard
couldnt be closed for construction
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
52/78
TrafficDiversions Environment-Washingofrake andLowNoise ofEquipments
Utilities
SafetyIndependentsafetyorganizationofContractor/GC Barricading&controlledAccessofsites Riskanalysisbeforeactivitystarts ExhaustiveInstrumentation
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
53/78
The next step of planning was to predict thetunnel dimensions.
The factors that were to be considered while
planning tunnel dimensions are the size of carsand moving dimension and maximumpermissible speed of the rakes.
The dimensions were decided by Indian Rlys
Schedule and also from world practices.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
54/78
The tunnels are chosen to allow rakes of 4.64 min width and on the curved section the rakes
have an tolerance up to 5.515m. The overall average internal dimension of the
tunnel is 8.190 m X 4.640 m.
In case of bored tunnel the diameter is 5.1 m forsingle track.
The platform width is approximately 6m onaverage with maximum width of 10m and
height of 5.20m from the floor.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
55/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
56/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
57/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
58/78
Majority of the tunnel was under main city roadsthere was a problem and traffic had to be divertedand also utility like gas, power, water andtelephones had to be diverted for construction.
The majority of the utility was supported by strutsand other support above the construction sitewhile work continued underneath them.
H-piles where sunk to support the brackets whichin turn held up the struts to support the utility
lines. Most of the excavation work was donemanually and was thus very labor intensive. Thegas lines had to be turned off or redirected duringthe construction and excavation phase
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
59/78
During the cut and cover design the mainconstruction was done by constructing a
diaphragm wall and then the excavation tookplace.
The walls were approximately 10 m apartwhere there were normal parallel tracks and
about 19m apart where there were stations. The excavation depth ranged from 12 m to 14
m.
The diaphragm wall was held in place by strutsof 3 to 5 levels depending on the depth andnature of the soil at the site.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
60/78
Diaphragm walls 12.687 km
Sheet piles 0.365 km
Sheet piles with timber 0.684 km
Open cut 0.937 km
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
61/78
Batching plants 1 No Dumpers 3 No Bentonite mixing units 1 No Vertical spindle type Bentonite pump 2 No (P & H) Tata 320 crane 2 No Grab Heavy 2 No Form tube 600 mm diameter 2 No Tremmie pipes 200 mm diameter with funnel 2 No Bailer 1 No Chisel 1 No Power Winch 1 No Tripod 1 No Scrapper 1 No Mobile Bentonite tank 1 No Welding plant 2 No Gas cutting unit 1 No
Th i ti f th di h ll
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
62/78
The main excavations for the diaphragm wall wasdone by use of GRABS mounted on the cranes andwere guided by telescopic guides. The length of
each panel varied from 3 m to 6 m and the depthvaried from 16 m to 23 m. The excavated volumewas filled with Bentonite slurry to prevent thecollapse of the excavation. Then reinforcementcages were lowered and concrete of grade M-200was poured into the excavation sealing the bottomof the cage. As the concrete is pumped in more andmore the Bentonite is pumped out and is pouredback in tanks for recycling and reuse.
Some places where there had to openings made forducts and passenger exits hollow cages were usedwhich used a framework of beam and ducts forexposing the areas to be cut later.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
63/78
Excessive cut The walls are constructed with a tolerance limit of 1 to 60 mostly the excavation went
smoothly but in area near Bhowanipore (Km 12.50 to Km 13.50) the shapes of the wallsare irregular due to the bad soil condition there were internal collapses and sometimesdue to over grabbing of soil. Again at Km 13.10 to Km 13.80 due to clayey soil and sandthe soil could not hold its shape it collapsed into small pockets. Thus the walls in theselocations are irregular and they had to be laboriously chiseled into shape.
Jamming of end pipes
There were steel cylindrical pipes made of sheet steel. These were to hold the cages inposition when there would pouring of concrete. They were to be removed as theconcrete settles in. in some case the pipes got jammed and concrete had to be poured inthe pipe cores and they were made integral part of the diaphragm walls.
Incomplete grabbing to the full length In some areas grabbing to the full length was unsuccessful due to the soil conditions. The
grabbing had to be stopped when a compact sand layer was encountered. To overcomethe problem jets were used to loosen up the sand but in most cases it was unsuccessful.
The diaphragm walls were prematurely terminated and could not achieve full length. Segregation of concrete The concrete poured had heavy segregation and also there were blank pockets in the
diaphragm wall. These problems were seen when excavation was being done and thenconcrete was poured into the blank pockets to seal them up.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
64/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
65/78
Delay in Approval of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Land Acquisition risks Design Risks Technology Selection Risks Approval and Permit Risks Financial and Investment Risks Political Risks Environment Related Risks Geo-technical Risks Major / Minor Accidents during Execution Unforeseen Heavy Rains Force Majeure Risks like Flood, Fire, Earthquake etc. Labor Agitation and Strikes Inflation Risk Delayed Payment from Client Delayed Payment to Subcontractor
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
66/78
Since the metro was mostly built under the citythe land acquisition was not a problem for themain running tracks.
The land to be acquired for the construction ofdepots at Tollygunge and Dumdum was aissue but was sorted out.
Land was also needed to acquired for the
construction of the station exits and ventilationshafts.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
67/78
Land in acres
Eastern railways 9.52
Ministry of defense 1.702
CMC & Baranagar municipality 74.81
Govt of Bengal relief andrehabilitation department
18.37
Tollygunge club 21.56
Private parties 178.00
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
68/78
Nearly 261.00 acres of land was acquired forthe construction of the shed near dumdumstation.
Most of the land belonged to Eastern Railwaysand was a part of the track embankment.
The rest of land belonged to CMC andBaranagar municipality and was used as a
dumping ground.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
69/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
70/78
Location Area
Talla park 6258 sq m
Desbandhu park 2823 sq m
D N Mitra Square 2040 sq m
Southern park 4098 sq m
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
71/78
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
72/78
Settlement of ground during cut and cover is acommon occurrence. It is a common practice tostrengthen old building and monuments beforethe start of the construction.
In the Tollygunge Esplanade section there werestray cracks due to soil settlement.
In Bhawanipore area where the buildings are ofold masonry and shallow foundations therewere large cracks.
Metro authority was responsible for theserepairs.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
73/78
1. Subsoil profile and properties of soil.
2. Shape and depth of excavation.
3. Type and stiffness of support system.
4. Sequence and method of construction.5. Time of construction
In Kolkata the major factors were
1. Spacing between the struts (specially 1st & 2nd)2. Time effect
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
74/78
Before the excavation was started all masonrybuildings over 40 years old were surveyed andput under observation.
Plumb lines and other monitoring equipmentwere installed at convenient locations.
Whenever they showed any signs of cracks thebuilding was repaired and the soil was
grouted.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
75/78
Stations were designed so that they do not lookdull and monotonous.
The flooring is marble in most stations while
the pillars are colorful tiles and designs. Murals were put up at different places to have
a lively atmosphere.
Historical painting replica and other lightingsbrighten up the atmosphere in the stations.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
76/78
The metro system in Kolkata though a old oneis one of efficient systems in India for publictransport.
The system was planned to match up tointernational standards of metro railway.
The system is now a little backdated comparedto the modern metro system that are newly
constructed since it was conceived in 1980.
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
77/78
Kolkata metro published manual 1995.
Kolkata metro electrical and track maintenancemanual.
Wikipedia.org KMRC official web site
And a special thanks to my friends and fellow
Railfans who provided me the pictures(Saugata sengupta and Siddhartha Mukherjee)
-
8/2/2019 Planning of Metro Railways in Kolkata
78/78