Planning for Emergency

8/11/2019 Planning for Emergency

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Safety First


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Sudden, unexpected, or impending

situation that may cause injury, loss of

life, damage to the property, and/orinterference with the normal activities of

a person or firm and which, therefore,

requires immediate attention

and remedial action.


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A definite plan to deal with major emergencies is an important element

of OH&S programs.

The lack of an emergency plan could lead to severe losses such as

multiple casualties and possible financial collapse of the organization.


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An attitude of "it can't happen here" may be present.People may not be willing to take the time and effort toexamine the problem. However, emergency planning isan important part of company operation

Since emergencies will occur, preplanning is necessary.An urgent need for rapid decisions, shortage of time,and lack of resources and trained personnel can lead tochaos during an emergency. Time and circumstances in

an emergency mean that normal channels of authorityand communication cannot be relied upon to functionroutinely. The stress of the situation can lead to poor

judgment resulting in severe losses.


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An emergency plan specifies procedures for handlingsudden or unexpected situations. The objective is to beprepared to:

Prevent fatalities and injuries.

Reduce damage to buildings, stock, and equipment. Protect the environment and the community. Accelerate the resumption of normal operations.

Development of the plan begins with a vulnerabilityassessment. The results of the study will show:

How likely a situation is to occur. What means are available to stop or prevent the situation. What is necessary for a given situation.


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Chemical Emergency

Drought

Earthquake

Fire Flood

Food Safety

Highway Safety

Hurricane

Landslide Poisoning

Tsunami

Volcano


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Breathing the chemical

Swallowing contaminated food, water, or medication

Touching the chemical, or coming into contact with

clothing or things that have touched the chemical

Chemical Accidents Can Be Prevented

Chemicals are found everywhere in our kitchens,

medicine cabinets, basements, and garages. In fact,

most chemical accidents occur in our own homes.And they can be prevented.


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Meteorological Droughtwhen an area gets less precipitation than normal. Due

to climatic differences, what is considered a drought in one location may not be

a drought in another location.

Agricultural Droughtwhen the amount of moisture in the soil no longer meets

the needs of a particular crop. Hydrological Droughtwhen the surface and subsurface water supplies are

below normal.

Socioeconomic drought when water supply is unable to meet human and

environmental needs can upset the balance between supply and demand.

Conserving water is particularly important when drought strikes, but its also a

good habit to be in at all times for environmental reasons. Try to do at least onething each day to conserve water.


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During a major earthquake, you may hear a roaring or rumbling sound that

gradually grows louder. You may feel a rolling sensation that starts out gently and,

within a second or two, grows violent.

You may first be jarred by a violent jolt.

A second or two later, you may feelshaking and find it difficult to stand

up or move from one room to another.

The real key to surviving an earthquake

and reducing your risk of injury lies in

planning, preparing, and practicing what

you and your family will do if it happens.


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By planning and practicing what to do if anearthquake strikes, you and your family canlearn to react correctly and automatically whenthe shaking begins.

During your earthquake drill:

DROP down onto your hands and kneesbefore the earthquake wouldknock you down. This position protects you from falling but still allows youto move if necessary.

COVERyour head and neck (and your entire body if possible) under theshelter of a sturdy table or desk. If there is no shelter nearby, get down nearan interior wall or next to low-lying furniture that won't fall on you, andcover your head and neck with your arms and hands. Try to stay clear of

windows or glass that could shatter or objects that could fall on you. HOLD ON to your shelter (or to your head and neck) until the shakingstops. Be prepared to move with your shelter if the shaking shifts it around.


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If an earthquake occurs, you may need to evacuate a damaged area afterward.by planning and practicing for evacuation, you will be better prepared torespond appropriately and efficiently to signs of danger or to directions bycivil authorities. Take a few minutes with your family to discuss a home evacuation plan.

Sketch a floor plan of your home; walk through each room and discussevacuation details. Plan a second way to exit from each room or area, if possible. If you need

special equipment, such as a rope ladder, mark where it is located. Mark where your emergency food, water, first aid kits, and fire

extinguishers are located. Mark where the utility switches or valves are located so that they can be

turned off, if possible. Indicate the location of your family's emergency outdoor meeting place.


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The most effective way to protect yourself and your home from fire is to identify

and remove fire hazards. 65 percent of house fire deaths occur in homes with no

working smoke alarms. During a home fire, working smoke alarms and a fire escape

plan that has been practiced regularly can save lives.

If a fire occurs in your home, GET OUT, STAY OUT and CALL for help.

Install smoke alarms on every level of your home, inside bedrooms and outside

sleeping areas. Test them every month and replace the batteries at least once a year.

Talk with all household members about a fire escape plan and practice the plan

twice a year.


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Floods are among the most frequent and costly natural disasters. Conditions

that cause floods include heavy or steady rain for several hours or days that

saturates the ground. Flash floods occur suddenly due to rapidly rising

water along a stream or low-lying area.

Flood/Flash Flood Watch Flooding or flash flooding is possible in yourarea.

Flood/Flash Flood Warning Flooding or flash flooding is already

occurring or will occur soon in your area.


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Perishable foods including milk, meat and eggs should not be

stored above 40 degrees for more than 2 hours. If a power

outage is 2 hours or less, you dont need to be concerned, but

you should know how to save your food when the refrigeratoris out for longer periods of time. Being prepared can help. By

planning ahead, you can save your perishables and safeguard

your familys health.


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One or more coolers. Inexpensive styrofoamcoolers can do an excellent job.

Shelf-stable foods, such as canned goods and

powdered or boxed milk. These can be eatencold or heated on the grill.

A digital quick-response thermometer. A digitalthermometer should be a necessity in your

kitchen anyway. With these thermometers youcan quickly check the internal temperatures offood for doneness and safety.


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Do not open the refrigerator or freezer. Tell your little ones not toopen the door. An unopened refrigerator will keep foods cold enoughfor a couple of hours at least. A freezer that is half full will hold forup to 24 hours and a full freezer for 48 hours. Instead, eat shelf-stable foods.

If it looks like the power outage will be for more than 2-4 hours,pack the important items in your refrigerator, such as milk, dairyproducts, meats, fish, poultry, eggs, and left-overs into your coolersurrounded by ice. Keep temperature at or below 40 degrees. Throwaway any items that have been exposed to temperatures greater than40 degrees for more than two hours.

If it looks like the power outage will be prolonged beyond a day orso, prepare another cooler with ice for the items in your freezer.


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Buckle up, slow down, dont drive impaired.

Be well rested and alert.

Use caution in work zones.

Give your full attention to the road. Avoid distractions such as cell phones.

Observe speed limits driving too fast or too slow can increase your chance of being in a collision.

Make frequent stops. During long trips, rotate drivers. If youre too tired to drive, stop and get some rest.

Be respectful of other motorists and follow the rules of the road. Dont follow another vehicle too closely.

If you plan on drinking, designate a driver who wont drink.

Clean your headlights, taillights, signal lights and windows to help you see, especially at night.

Turn your headlights on as dusk approaches, or if you are using your windshield wipers due to inclement

weather.

Dont overdrive your headlights.

If you have car trouble, pull off the road as far as possible.


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Hurricanes are strong storms that can be life-threatening as

well as cause serious property-threatening hazards such as

flooding, storm surge, high winds and tornadoes.

Preparation is the best protection against the dangers of ahurricane. Know the difference between the threat levels and

plan accordingly.


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Hurricane Watch

Hurricane conditions are a threat within 48

hours. Review your hurricane plans. Get readyto act if a warning is issued, and stay informed.

Hurricane Warning

Hurricane conditions are expected within 36

hours. Complete your storm preparations andleave the area if directed to do so by

authorities.


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Most landslides are caused by natural forces or events, such as heavy rain and snowmelt,

shaking due to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and gravity. Landslides are typically

associated with periods of heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt and tend to worsen the effects

of flooding.

Landslides generally happen in areas where they have occurred in the past. Learn about yourareas landslide risk. Landslides can also be referred to as mudslides, debris flows, mudflows

or debris avalanches.

Debris flows and other landslides onto roadways are common during rainstorms.

Heavily saturated ground is very susceptible to mudflows and debris flows.


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Before intense storms and rainfall Assume that steep slopes and areas burned by wildfires are

vulnerable to landslides and debris flows. Learn whether landslides or debris flows have occurred previously in

your area by contacting local authorities, a county geologist or the

county planning department, state geological surveys or departmentsof natural resources, or university departments of geology.

Contact local authorities about emergency and evacuation plans. Develop emergency and evacuation plans for your family and

business. Develop an emergency communication plan in case family members

are separated. If you live in an area vulnerable to landslides, consider leaving it.


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Keep all chemicals and medicines locked up and out of sight.

Be careful when handling substances, chemicals and cleaners that could be harmful. Only use

them in well-ventilated areas and wear protective clothing, such as gloves and a face mask.

Use common sense with your own medications.

Keep medications in the containers they came in. Make sure they are kept out of children's

reach. Read the product information carefully. Use only as directed.

Be aware of the possible side effects and any possible interactions with other medications you

are taking. Ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have any questions.

Never use another person's prescribed medications or medications that have expired.


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If you suspect poisoning:

Check the scene and the person. Try to find out

what poison was taken. Look for any containersand take them with you to the phone.Call the National Poison Management Control

Center (02-5241078) and follow their instructions.Care for any life threatening conditions found. DO

NOT give the person anything to eat or drinkunless directed to do so by the National PoisonManagement Control Center or EmergencyMedical Services (EMS) personnel.


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Tsunamis are a series of large ocean waves generated by major earthquakes beneath

the ocean floor or major landslides into the ocean.

Be aware of the signs of a tsunami:

A strong earthquake lasting 20 seconds or more near the coast.

A noticeable rapid rise or fall in coastal waters.


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Explosive volcanoes blast hot solid and molten rock fragments and gases into the air. As a

result, ashflows can occur on all sides of a volcano and ash can fall hundreds of miles

downwind.


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Sequential events (for example, a fire after an

explosion).

Evacuation.Casualties.

Damage to plant infrastructure.

Loss of vital records/documents.

Damage to equipment.Disruption of work.


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Declare emergency.

Sound the alert.

Evacuate danger zone.Close main shutoffs.

Call for external aid.

Initiate rescue operations.

Attend to casualties.Fight fire.


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Medical supplies.Auxiliary communication equipment.Power generators.

Respirators.Chemical and radiation detection equipment.Mobile equipment.Emergency protective clothing.Fire fighting equipment.

Ambulance.Rescue equipment.Trained personnel.


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All possible emergencies, consequences, required

actions, written procedures, and the resources

available.

Detailed lists of personnel including their home

telephone numbers, their duties and

responsibilities.

Floor plans.

Large scale maps showing evacuation routes and

service conduits (such as gas and water lines).


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One individual should be appointed and trained

to act as Emergency Co-ordinator as well as a

"back-up" Co-ordinator. However, personnelon site during an emergency are key in

ensuring that prompt and efficient action is

taken to minimize loss.


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Reporting the emergency. Activating the emergency plan. Assuming overall command. Establishing communication. Alerting staff.

Ordering evacuation. Alerting external agencies. Confirming evacuation is complete. Alerting outside population of possible risk. Requesting external aid. Coordinating activities of various groups. Advising relatives of casualties.

Providing medical aid. Ensuring emergency shut offs are closed. Sounding the all-clear. Advising media.


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Fire departments.Mobile rescue squads.Ambulance services.

Police departments.Telephone companies.Hospitals.Utility companies. Industrial neighbours.

Government agencies.


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Nature of emergency.

Degree of emergency.

Size of organization.Capabilities of the organization in an

emergency situation.

Immediacy of outside aid.

Physical layout of the premises.


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is of greatest importance in alerting staff. To

avoid confusion, only one type of signal should

be used for the evacuation order. Commonlyused for this purpose are sirens, fire bells,

whistles, flashing lights,paging system

announcements, or word-of-mouth in noisy

environments. The all-clear signal is lessimportant since time is not such an urgent

concern.


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Identify evacuation routes, alternate means of escape, makethese known to all staff; keep the routes unobstructed.

Specify safe locations for staff to gather for head counts toensure that everyone has left the danger zone. Assign

individuals to assist employees with disabilities. Carry out treatment of the injured and search for the missing

simultaneously with efforts to contain the emergency. Provide alternate sources of medical aid when normal

facilities may be in the danger zone. Ensure the safety of all staff (and/or the general public) first,

then deal with the fire or other situation.


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Asombrado, GioRevilla, ArvinSadig, Kim DariusTagle, Noel

Reference: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disaster/http://www.redcross.org/

Planning for Emergency

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