CLASSIFICATION OF MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

According to Luther Gullick gave the Keyword :

P........................Planning

O.......................Organizing

S........................Staffing

D........................Directing

Co………………Coordinating

R........................Reporting

B........................Budgeting

Primary function of management.

Blue print of action & operation.

Thinking before doing.

Focus on the future course of

action.

Specifies the objectives to be

achieved in future.

PLANNING

Deciding

Things

Well In

Advance

What to do?

When to do?

Where to do?

How to do it?

Who is to do so?

“Planning is a method or technique of looking ahead. It is adeliberate conscious search used to formulate the design& orderly sequence of actions through which it isexpected to reach the objective.”

-Dr. George Terry

“the plan of action is at one & the same time the resultenvisaged, the line of action to be followed, thestages to go through & the methods to use.”

-Hanry Fayol

“Planning is fundamentally a mental predispositionto do things in an orderly way, to think before acting& to act in the light of facts rather than of guesses.”

-Urwick

“Planning is the conscious process of selecting &developing the best course of action toaccomplish an objective. It is the basic formwhich future management decision springs.”

-M.C.Niles

1- Define the Task

2- Identify the

resources

3-Consider

alternative

4- Create the

planning

5- Work the plan

6-Evaluate

FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT

IMPORTANCE&ADVANTAGE OF PLANING

(1) Awareness for objective and result

(2) Uncertainity decreases

(3) Awareness of direction

(4) Improve ,promote research

(5) Co-ordination

(6) Guides decision making

(7) Foundation for decetralisation

(8) Presents economy in operations

(9) Easy control

AWAWENESS FOR OBJECTIVE AND RESULT

* due to proper planing ,awerwness for final goal

of the compony .

*short term and long term goal among employees and

workers becomes easy

*this goal is very easily successfull

UNCERTAINTY DECREASES

Planing provides structurefor action plan.

Empolyees and workers at all levels can easily

understand their responsibilities.

They are very well awere what they needs to do

and within what time they required to finish it up.

Every task is clearl mentiond.

AWARENESS OF DIRECTION

Due to planing managers knowns how much he

work he need to comple within specific time.

They are clearly and perfact results .

This way of direction awareness for direction

increases.

PROMOTE AND IMPROVEMENT AND RESEARCH

According to “awareness of a goods planing

process will provided avenue for individual

participation .

Will throws up more ideas about the compony and

its environment .

They clearly and new reaserch & development

ASSSIST IN CO – ORDINATION

Planing provides the base for distribution of work

and proper inter – relationship can be managed .

All the departments can be well connected .

Due to this co-ordination among all department and

departmental heads becomes possible.

GUIDES FOR DECISION –MAKING

Since planing is helpful for proper forecasting .

But specefic cases it also provided information for

various option which option is best suitable for

circumstance is also provided

Hence planing also provide for decision –making.

EASY CONTROL

Sinse the responsibility of all department is already

decided in advance.if the work could not done as

per the order then the deficiency cab be easily

located.

Hence, control activity should become simple for

the manager

LACK OF ACCURATE INFORMATION:-

LACK OF ACCURATE FORECAST:-

COMPLEX PROCESS:-

RIGIDITIES:-

LACK OF SPECIFIC GOALS:-

LACK OF PLANNING SKILLS:-

RESISTANCE TO CHANGE:-

The reliability of a plan depends upon facts

& information on which it is based. If reliable

information & dependable data are not

available, planning is sure to lose its

importance.

LACK OF ACCURATE INFORMATION:-

Planning concerns future activity & its

quality will be determined by the quality of

forecast of future events. No manager can

predict completely & accurately the events

of future, the plans may cause problems in

operation.

LACK OF ACCURATE

FORECAST:-

Planning is a complex & expensive process. It

demands serious thinking, hard work & time.

Some managers do not like to undergo such a

complicated process as they like short-cuts.

Such planning may not yield the desired

results.

COMPLEX

PROCESS:-

Planning may result in internal inflexibilities.

By limiting individual freedom, planning may

stifle initiative & personal development.

Rigidities appear from managers negligence

to revise the plan, policies & procedures.

RIGIDITIES:-

Qualitative objectives like social

responsibility, management development,

quality of work life, etc are often expressed.

Planning cannot be effective unless goals

are specific & clear.1

LACK OF SPECIFIC

GOALS:-

Planning is an art & takes a special type of

person to plan. Not everyone is capable of

planning & solving organizational problems. A

planner should not only have skill, but also

intelligence & vision for long range planning &

must have ability to forecast.

LACK OF PLANNING

SKILLS:-

Resistance to change is another r factor which

puts limits on planning. It is commonly

experienced in the business world. Sometimes,

planners themselves do not like change & they

do not think it is good & necessary to bring

changes as it will create resistance on the part

of workers. This attitude makes the planning

process ineffective.

RESISTANCE TO

CHANGE:-

Two or more people get together to achieve

common goal in consideration with distribution of

necessary authority and responsibility is simply

called as ORGANISATION.

It is a proper arrangement of distribution of activities

within concern departments.

Duties of departmental heads are assigning and

inter-relationship among all activities is set-out.

Whole programme should be set-out in such a way

that after completing the overall process. Objectives

will be achieved.

Organisation is the process of identifying

and grouping of the work to be performed,

defining and delegating responsibility and

authority an establishing relation ships for

the purpose of enabling people to work

most effectively together in accomplishing

their objectives.

NA

TU

RE

OF

OR

GA

NIS

AT

ION

1. Set-up to realise

objectives

2. Simplicity

3. Possibility for co-

operation

4. Division into

departments

5. Authority &

Responsibility

6. Leadership Oriented

7. closely linked with

planning

8. must be stable

9. Flexibility

10. Efficient

11. Easy for supervision

and control

12. Importance of

human element

1. Organisation shows clear set-up for

all departments and also respective

departmental heads. Their authority

and responsibility is purely clarified.

2. Employees and workers working in

department are clear about their

duties. They are aware of what they

have to do and to whom to report. It

eliminates confusion regarding duty.

3. In organization, all departments

and departmental heads are intern

connected. So its easy to have

corporation among them.

NA

TU

RE

OF

OR

GA

NIS

AT

ION

4. All activities are divided into

different divisions. E.g. - purchase ,

product, finance, account etc.

5. Authority and responsibility is

clarified in advance. All employees

and workers know their role and its

importance. Hence, due to healthy

inter-relationships, co-operation in

maintained.

6. In organisation different activities

are divided into various departmental

heads. To perform such duties they

need sufficient authority.

1. Set-up to realise

objectives

2. Simplicity

3. Possibility for co-

operation

4. Division into

departments

5. Authority &

Responsibility

6. Leadership Oriented

7. closely linked with

planning

8. must be stable

9. Flexibility

10. Efficient

11. Easy for supervision

and control

12. Importance of

human element

NA

TU

RE

OF

OR

GA

NIS

AT

ION

7. authority and responsibility must beallocated to perform duties very well.If employee is required to fulfil someresponsibility then he must be givensome authority, otherwise he wouldbe confused.

8. Formation of organisation is difficulttask. Expert advices should be taken.Delegation of authority andresponsibility is also imp.

9. Planning's should be changed asobjectives are changed.soorganization structure in flexiblemanner is imp.

10. Organisation structure should beeasy to understand. Everythingshould be simple to understand.

1. Set-up to realise

objectives

2. Simplicity

3. Possibility for co-

operation

4. Division into

departments

5. Authority &

Responsibility

6. Leadership Oriented

7. closely linked with

planning

8. must be stable

9. Flexibility

10. Efficient

11. Easy for supervision

and control

12. Importance of

human element

NA

TU

RE

OF

OR

GA

NIS

AT

ION

11. Due to clarity and simplicity

different level of authority is easy to

identify. The responsibility is easy to

identify, so the duty of supervisor

becomes much easier.

12. Organisation doesn't mean. only

the set-up of departments, furniture,

machines. Man is in centre of

organisation structure.

1. Set-up to realise

objectives

2. Simplicity

3. Possibility for co-

operation

4. Division into

departments

5. Authority &

Responsibility

6. Leadership Oriented

7. closely linked with

planning

8. must be stable

9. Flexibility

10. Efficient

11. Easy for supervision

and control

12. Importance of

human element

IMP

OR

TA

NC

E O

F O

RG

AN

ISA

TIO

N

1. Goal &

objective

2. Clarification of

authorities &

responsibilitie

s.

3. Facilitates

administration

4. Employee

awareness

1. Efficient organisation supports to

achieve goal easily.

2. All are aware of their duties and

responsibilities as well as authorities.

3. Administration is difficult to handle

any activity without specification.

Specification arises only after proper

organization.

4. On basis of organisational goal and

objectives, authority and responsibility

are clarified in advance, employees

and workers are aware with their

duties and importance of their

responsibility.

IMP

OR

TA

NC

E O

F O

RG

AN

ISA

TIO

N

5. Cooperation &

industrial

peace

6. Possibility for

specialisation

7. Solution for

employees

problem

5. Authority and responsibility isclarified in advance. All employeesand workers know their role and itsimportance. Hence, due to healthyinter-relationships, co-operation inmaintained.

6. All activities are divided intodifferent departmental head andrespective supervisors ad employeesafter continuation of same activitybecomes experts.

7. Enployees are automatically awareof their job, minor problems are easilysolved by themselves. Their mutualunderstanding automaticallyincreases due to good organisationstructure.

IMP

OR

TA

NC

E O

F O

RG

AN

ISA

TIO

N

8. Supports

efficient

direction &

control

9. Discipline &

morale

increase

10. Use of

scare

resource

8. Due to efficient organisation inter

relation among employees and even

among all departments become easy

Their responsibility and authority is

clarified in advance.

9. After comparing the efficiency and

presentation of one department with

another department. management

can evaluate the performance.

10. Supervisors and employees know

what to do and what is expected of

them, they do it efficiently. This directs

to maximum use of minimum

resources.

IMP

OR

TA

NC

E O

F O

RG

AN

ISA

TIO

N

11. Support

creativity

12. Assists new

technology

11. A perfect organisation provides an

opportunity for new creation. It

supports also new research for

improvements in organisation

structure. The encouraging structure

provides base for showing their talent.

12. A competent organisation is that

much of flexible that suits to the use

of new technology. Use of a new

machine or technique is helpful for

greater production at lowest cost. It is

necessary for profitability and

sustainability of the company

IMP

OR

TA

NC

E O

F O

RG

AN

ISA

TIO

N

13. Business

opportunity

14. Possibility

for growth

and

diversificati

on

13. Management team slowly and

gradually become tension free due to

perfect distribution of authority and

responsibility, they have some space

to think about other business

opportunities.

14. Due to efficient organisation, scale

of present operations increases. And

possibility of new opportunities also

opens. Moreover, the company

divided into different divisions and

sub-divisions after changes in

requirement. Hence, possibility of

growth and diversification increases.