Teachers Training for

Planning And Layout for Hydropower

ARUN KUMARAlternate Hydro Energy Centre,

Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, UK, INDIAfax 91 1332 273517 Tel 911332 274254

E-mail : ahec@iitr.ernet.in, akumarb@gmail.comwebsite : www.iitr.ernet.in/centers/AHEC/index.htm

Plannning - SHPFor a systematic, time bound, duly shared between Government, Social and Private Sectors, master plan are required.

• It is an inventory of all possible sites.

• Provides priority or ranking for speed development.

• Provides cluster approach.

• Provides financial requirement.

• Provides – grid network strengthening.

• Assessment of SHP potential of existing irrigation dams and canals.

• Assessment of potential as run off river schemes

• Assessment of potential sites for rural electrification.

• Compilation of the above mentioned activities with prioritization of identified SHP sites.

• Creating of spatial database using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for the state incorporating various themes including identified SHP sites.

Maste Plan

Sources of Information

State Nodal Agencies for renewable energy in states

State Electricity Boards, Deptt. of Power of states

Central Government MNES, CEA, CWC, NHPC etcIndividuals having background in such data calculation

Survey of India including Digital Mapping Centre

Forest Survey of India, Dehradun

Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun

Regional Centre for Remote Sensing, Dehradun

NATMO, Calcutta

Run-off-River SHP Sites• Run-of-river (ROR) hydropower implies that there

is no (or minimal) storage reservoir.

• The instantaneous flows that are passed through the powerhouse are essentially the flows that occur in the stream at the intake and flows downstream of the powerhouse are virtually identical to pre-development flows.

• Run-of-river facilities use low dams to provide limited storage of water– at most daily pondage.

• In a run-off river SHP scheme, through a diversion structure water is diverted to water conductor system to the powerhouse.

Tentative Layout For RoR Scheme(Rampur SHP)

Canal Based SHP Sites

• A Canal based scheme utilises the drops on existing/proposed irrigation canals.

• The energy generated by water flowing through the canal fall (located in the canal) is tapped for power generation.

• Powerhouse is located at the main canal or a bye pass canal is constructed where the powerhouse can be located.

Dam Toe SHP Sites• The dam provides the means to regulate the flow of

water, and can add to the height of the source of water thereby effectively increasing the head (H).

• Reservoir created by the dam may store and regulate stream flows to make them more timely for power production, and to serve other purposes for water resource development.

• Powerhouse is located at the toe of the dam and it utilizes the discharge release through sluice primarily meant for irrigation and the head available (water level difference between upstream and downstream of reservoir) for power generation.

Identification of potential catchments for small hydropower generation

the following criteria may be were adopted as in one study

• Catchment should have an area of at least about 10 km2

• Channel should be perennial in nature (in SOI toposheets perennial streams are marked with blue colour).

• Main channel should have a length of about 7-8 km.• Availability of head should be at least 20 m as lower

head and discharge does not yield significant power potential.

SOI toposheets references NumberName of the streamName of the river basinCatchment area (in km2)Length of main channel (in km)Catchment perimeter (in km)Highest point elevation of the catchmentElevation at stream meeting point with the major river Stream meeting point with the main river Latitude and LongitudeInformation about the snow/glacier/rain fedName of the stateName of the districtMajor contour lines crossing the stream Major road network available Locations of villages and town were also markedLatitude and longitude grid on all sides of the drawing were also marked.

Information associated with individual catchments were also extracted from the toposheets:

Computation of Head

Head is the important parameter to work out the Small Hydro power Potential in a catchment.

To compute this information, the points on the main channel where the elevation contours cross the channel were marked on the catchment drawing.

In each catchment, lower two-third length of the channel was considered for the determination of head (drop)

This part of the channel carries maximum discharge.

The Head thus, obtained was used to calculate the power potential for each site

Hydro Power Potential

• Discharge be also verified by spot measurement.

• Local inquiry to be made for flow conditions throughout the year.

• For each catchment, hydropower potential has been computed. This need to be verified in the field.

• The Hydro Power Potential may be calculated for 50%, 75%

• And 90% dependable flows for all sites.

Ground Verification of SHP SitesSince, the identification of SHP site has been done on toposheet

therefore there was a need to ground verify the various component like,

location of powerhouse, diversion weir, availability of Head. discharge available

Discharge measurements are to be taken so as to ensure the dependable flow estimated from empirical model.

In addition local enquiry has to be made to know the stream flow conditions through out the year