Planning and Engineering Guide v5

A l l o p t i c

Planning & Engineering Guide

M o v in g I P a t G ig a F o r c e S p e e d

Version 5.0August 2005

This document contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage retrieval system, or translated into another language, without prior written consent of Alloptic.

Alloptic® makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Alloptic shall not be liable for errors contained herein nor for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance or use of this material. The information and specifications contained herein may change without notice.

Trademarks

All brand names and product names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks, or trade names of their respective holders.

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Copyright © 2002-2005, Alloptic, All rights reserved.

Table of Contents

Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iDocument History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiiiIntroduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvAbout This Manual .....................................................................................................xvAudience ....................................................................................................................xvWhere to find help ......................................................................................................xv

Customer Response Center.................................................................................xvSpecial Labels............................................................................................................xvChapter 1: System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Alloptic® System Overview ......................................................................................... 1

The Alloptic Advantage ......................................................................................... 1The Benefits of PON ............................................................................................. 1Architectural Elements .......................................................................................... 3Standard System Architecture .............................................................................. 3System Applications.............................................................................................. 4

Chapter 2: Alloptic Product Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Optical Network Unit (ONU) family.............................................................................. 5

home 4000 ............................................................................................................ 5bizGEAR™ ULTRA ............................................................................................... 6bizGEAR™ 200..................................................................................................... 6mduGEAR™ 224 .................................................................................................. 7aceGEAR .............................................................................................................. 7Xgen 7000............................................................................................................. 8

edgeGEAR 2000 ......................................................................................................... 9Network Considerations ........................................................................................ 9PON Considerations ............................................................................................. 9

Edge 200..................................................................................................................... 9Network Considerations ........................................................................................ 9PON Considerations ............................................................................................. 9

Operating Systems.................................................................................................... 10GigaVu™............................................................................................................. 10GEMS™ .............................................................................................................. 10

Chapter 3: Site Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Overview ................................................................................................................... 11

General Information ............................................................................................ 11Outside Plant....................................................................................................... 13Services Worksheet ............................................................................................ 15Central Office or Head-End Facility..................................................................... 16

Physical Space .......................................................................................................... 16

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Power ........................................................................................................................ 16Network Integration and Management.................................................................18

IP Administration ....................................................................................................... 18Network Management ............................................................................................... 18

Acceptance Testing .............................................................................................19Shipping and Staging...........................................................................................19Services and Bandwidth Requirements ...............................................................20Comments............................................................................................................20

Chapter 4: System Powering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Chassis Powering Guidelines ....................................................................................21

edgeGEAR 2000..................................................................................................21Edge 200..............................................................................................................22

Chassis Grounding Guidelines ..................................................................................24edgeGEAR 2000..................................................................................................24Edge 200..............................................................................................................24

ONU Powering Guidelines .........................................................................................25ONU Grounding Guidelines .................................................................................25

Power Supplies Specifications...................................................................................26Chapter 5: Optical Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Fiber Optic Budget Guidelines ...................................................................................27

Fiber Optic Budget for RF Applications................................................................28Loss Assumptions................................................................................................29Two Fiber Solution ...............................................................................................31Splitter Configuration and Loss Budget ...............................................................32

PON Distribution........................................................................................................ 32Cascaded PON Distribution....................................................................................... 34Branching PON Distribution....................................................................................... 35

Chapter 6: Bandwidth Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Chassis Bandwidth Allocation....................................................................................37

edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis ....................................................................................37Edge 200 Chassis................................................................................................37Both Chassis........................................................................................................37Auto Ranging Bandwidth Requirements ..............................................................37

ONU Bandwidth Requirements..................................................................................38Assigning Bandwidth to Data Services ................................................................38bizGEAR 200 .......................................................................................................38Other GEAR.........................................................................................................38

Service Bandwidth Requirements..............................................................................39VLAN Services.....................................................................................................39

Symmetrical VLAN Configurations ............................................................................ 39Asymmetrical VLAN Configurations .......................................................................... 40

IP Video Bandwidth Requirements ......................................................................40DS1 and DS0 Bandwidth Requirements..............................................................41POTS Bandwidth Requirements ..........................................................................42

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Services Bandwidth Total per PON..................................................................... 43Services Bandwidth Assumptions ............................................................................. 43Sample Services Bandwidth Total per PON.............................................................. 44

Chapter 7: Service Area Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Overview ................................................................................................................... 45edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis ......................................................................................... 45

SCM Modules...................................................................................................... 45OLT Modules....................................................................................................... 45DS3M Modules.................................................................................................... 45DS3 Interface Characteristics ............................................................................. 46edgeGEAR 2000 Module Worksheet .................................................................. 47edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis Worksheet ................................................................. 48

Edge 200 Chassis ..................................................................................................... 48Network Ports...................................................................................................... 48PON Ports ........................................................................................................... 48T1/E1 Ports ......................................................................................................... 48DS1 Interface Characteristics ............................................................................. 49Edge 200 PON Worksheet.................................................................................. 50Edge 200 Chassis Worksheet............................................................................. 50

ONU Planning Guidelines ......................................................................................... 51ONU Equipment Planning Worksheet ................................................................. 51

Chapter 8: Network Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Regulatory........................................................................................................... 53

Timing and Synchronization...................................................................................... 53Timing Sources ................................................................................................... 53

Upstream Data Path Requirements .......................................................................... 55 VLAN Tagging.................................................................................................... 55

Chapter 9: Typical Deployment Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57International Applications .......................................................................................... 57High Rise Deployments............................................................................................. 57POTS ........................................................................................................................ 58

Voice Services Overview .................................................................................... 58TDM .......................................................................................................................... 59

TDM Overview .................................................................................................... 59TDM Transport Applications................................................................................ 59Subscriber Interface ............................................................................................ 59

Headend Chassis...................................................................................................... 61Point-to-Point T1/E1 Services ............................................................................. 63Connection to the PSTN ..................................................................................... 64

edgeGEAR 2000 GR303 Connections ...................................................................... 64edgeGEAR 2000 V5.2 Connections .......................................................................... 65

Chapter 10: QOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

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Service Level Agreements .........................................................................................67VLAN Prioritization.....................................................................................................67

Prioritization and QOS .........................................................................................67Priority Between Users ........................................................................................68

Priority Between Users Example ............................................................................... 68Priority Within Users ............................................................................................68

Chapter 11: VLAN Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69VLAN Trunking...........................................................................................................69

VLAN Trunking Implementation ...........................................................................69VLAN Trunking Characteristics............................................................................69VLAN Security......................................................................................................69VLAN Trunking Issues and Limitations ................................................................70VLAN Requirements ............................................................................................70

Chapter 12: Integration Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Spanning Tree ...........................................................................................................71Link Aggregation ........................................................................................................71

Link Aggregation Technical Considerations.........................................................72Implementing Link Aggregation ...........................................................................72

Chapter 13: Advanced Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Advanced Services Considerations ...........................................................................73

Designated Services ............................................................................................73ESAF....................................................................................................................73

Chapter 14: IP Video Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75IP Video Services.......................................................................................................75

IP Video Configuration Example ..........................................................................75IP Video VLAN Support .......................................................................................76IGMP Snooping Support ......................................................................................76

IGMP Snooping Example .......................................................................................... 76IGMP Proxy Support ............................................................................................77Video On Demand ...............................................................................................77HDTV over IP Video.............................................................................................77

Chapter 15: Voice over IP Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79VoIP Services ............................................................................................................79

VoIP Methodology................................................................................................80Configuring VoIP Services ...................................................................................81

VoIP Services Example ............................................................................................. 82VoIP Standards....................................................................................................82

Chapter 16: RF Video Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83RF Video Services .....................................................................................................83

Planning for HDTV ...............................................................................................84Chapter 17: Planning for Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85edgeGEAR™ 2000 Redundancy Configurations.......................................................85

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Redundant OLT Hardware Illustration................................................................. 85Redundant OLT Card Features........................................................................... 86OLT Card Redundancy Configuration................................................................. 86

Chassis to ONU Redundancy Features .................................................................... 87Chapter 18: Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Testing TDM Services............................................................................................... 89

Interface Diagnostic Tests................................................................................... 89ONU DS1 Loopback Selections .......................................................................... 90DS1 Loopback Selections ................................................................................... 91DS3 Loopback Selections ................................................................................... 92DS0 Channel Test............................................................................................... 93

Performance Statistics .............................................................................................. 94Fiber Planning Guidelines ................................................................................... 95

Splicing ...................................................................................................................... 95Bend Radius .............................................................................................................. 95Clean Connectors...................................................................................................... 95

Appendix A: Glossary .............................................................................................97

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List of Figures

Chapter 1 System Overview...................................................................................... 1Figure 1: edgeGEAR 2000 PON Overview ................................................................ 2Figure 2: Edge 200 PON Overview............................................................................ 2Figure 3: PON System Architecture ........................................................................... 3Chapter 2 Alloptic Product Family .......................................................................... 5Figure 4: home 4000 ................................................................................................. 5Figure 5: bizGEAR ULTRA......................................................................................... 6Figure 6: bizGEAR™ 200........................................................................................... 6Figure 7: mduGEAR 224............................................................................................ 7Figure 8: aceGEAR.................................................................................................... 7Figure 9: Xgen 7000................................................................................................... 8Chapter 3 Site Survey.............................................................................................. 11Chapter 4 System Powering.................................................................................... 21Figure 10: edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis Powering Guidelines ..................................... 22Figure 11: Edge 200 Chassis Powering Guidelines ................................................. 23Figure 12: Chassis Grounding ................................................................................. 24Figure 13: ONU Powering Guidelines ...................................................................... 25Chapter 5 Optical Budget ....................................................................................... 27Figure 14: Single Fiber Solution............................................................................... 28Figure 15: Calculating Loss Budget ......................................................................... 29Figure 16: Dual Fiber Application............................................................................. 31Figure 17: Simple PON Distribution ......................................................................... 32Figure 18: Cascaded PON Distribution .................................................................... 34Figure 19: Branching PON Distribution .................................................................... 35Chapter 6 Bandwidth Considerations.................................................................... 37Chapter 7 Service Area Planning ........................................................................... 45Chapter 8 Network Services ................................................................................... 53Figure 20: Setting the Clock Source--edgeGEAR 2000........................................... 54Figure 21: Setting the Clock Source--Edge 200....................................................... 54Figure 22: Router ..................................................................................................... 55Figure 23: Switch and Router................................................................................... 56Chapter 9 Typical Deployment Scenarios ............................................................. 57Figure 24: High Rises with mduGEAR™ ................................................................. 57Figure 25: TDM Voice Services................................................................................ 58Figure 26: Groomed TDM Circuit ............................................................................. 61Figure 27: edgeGEAR 2000 Private TDM Services ................................................. 62Figure 28: Edge 200 Private TDM Services............................................................. 63Figure 29: GR303 Connections................................................................................ 64Figure 30: V5.2 Connections.................................................................................... 65Chapter 10 QOS....................................................................................................... 67

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Chapter 11 VLAN Considerations ......................................................................... 69Chapter 12 Integration Considerations ................................................................. 71Figure 31: SCM Link Aggregation.............................................................................72Chapter 13 Advanced Services ............................................................................... 73Figure 32: VLAN Per Service (ESAF) .......................................................................73Chapter 14 IP Video Considerations ..................................................................... 75Figure 33: IP Video Distribution Architecture ............................................................75Chapter 15 Voice over IP Considerations ............................................................. 79Figure 34: VoIP Overview .........................................................................................79Figure 35: VoIP Methodology - edgeGEAR™ 2000..................................................80Figure 36: VOIP Methodology - Edge 200................................................................81Chapter 16 RF Video Considerations .................................................................... 83Figure 37: RF Video Transport Application ...............................................................84Chapter 17 Planning for Redundancy ................................................................... 85Figure 38: Redundant OLT Network Illustration........................................................85Figure 39: OLT Redundancy.....................................................................................87Figure 40: Complete Redundancy ............................................................................88Chapter 18 Maintenance ......................................................................................... 89Figure 41: ONU DS1 Loopback Selections...............................................................90Figure 42: DS1 Loopback Selections........................................................................91Figure 43: DS3 Loopback Selections........................................................................92Figure 44: DS0 Channel Test....................................................................................93Figure 45: DS1 Interface Status Screen ...................................................................94

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List of Tables

Chapter 1 System Overview....................................................................................... 1Chapter 2 Alloptic Product Family ........................................................................... 5Chapter 3 Site Survey............................................................................................... 11Chapter 4 System Powering..................................................................................... 21Table 1: Fully loaded protected chassis ...................................................................... 21Chapter 5 Optical Budget ........................................................................................ 27Table 2: WDM Video - ONU distribution loss assumptions...................................... 29Table 3: Loss Specification for 3rd Lamda @ 1550nm.............................................. 29Table 4: WDM Video - ONU Distribution 1490/1550 Total Loss Budget ................ 30Table 5: Equipment Loss ............................................................................................ 32Table 6: Simple PON Distribution Loss Assumptions ............................................... 33Table 7: Simple PON Distribution Total Loss Budget ............................................... 33Table 8: Cascaded PON Distribution Loss Assumptions ........................................... 34Table 9: Cascaded PON Distribution Total Loss Budget ........................................... 35Table 10: Branching PON Distribution Loss Assumptions........................................ 36Table 11: Branching PON Distribution Total Loss Budget........................................ 36Chapter 6 Bandwidth Considerations..................................................................... 37Table 12: Auto Ranging Bandwidth Requirements .................................................... 37Table 13: bizGEAR 200 ONU Bandwidth Requirements .......................................... 38Table 14: All Other ONU Bandwidth Requirements.................................................. 38Table 15: Symmetrical VLAN Configurations Example .......................................... 39Table 16: Asymmetrical VLAN Configurations Example ........................................ 40Table 17: DS1 Bandwidth Requirements ................................................................... 41Table 18: TDM Bandwidth......................................................................................... 41Table 19: POTS Bandwidth ........................................................................................ 42Table 20: POTS Bandwidth ........................................................................................ 42Table 21: Services Bandwidth Total per PON............................................................ 44Chapter 7 Service Area Planning ............................................................................ 45Table 22: DS3 Interface Characteristics ..................................................................... 46Table 23: Module Calculation Worksheet .................................................................. 47Table 24: Chassis Calculation Worksheet .................................................................. 48Table 25: DS1 Interface Characteristics ..................................................................... 49Table 26: DS1 Features Supported ............................................................................. 49Table 27: Total PON Calculation ............................................................................... 50Table 28: Chassis Calculation Worksheet .................................................................. 50Table 29: ONU Equipment Calculation Worksheet ................................................... 51Table 30: ONU Ports .................................................................................................. 52Chapter 8 Network Services .................................................................................... 53

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Table 31: Timing Sources........................................................................................... 53Chapter 9 Typical Deployment Scenarios .............................................................. 57Table 32: POTS Port Characteristics & Signaling Options ........................................ 60Table 33: T1/E1 Characteristics and Signaling Options............................................. 60Chapter 10 QOS........................................................................................................ 67Chapter 11 VLAN Considerations .......................................................................... 69Chapter 12 Integration Considerations .................................................................. 71Chapter 13 Advanced Services ................................................................................ 73Chapter 14 IP Video Considerations ...................................................................... 75Chapter 15 Voice over IP Considerations .............................................................. 79Table 34: Guiding Standards for VoIP ....................................................................... 82Chapter 16 RF Video Considerations ..................................................................... 83Chapter 17 Planning for Redundancy .................................................................... 85Chapter 18 Maintenance .......................................................................................... 89Table 35: POTS and T1/E1 Interface Testing Diagnostics ........................................ 89Table 36: Performance Measurements for T1/E1....................................................... 94

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Document History

Version Issue Date Comments

1 8/6/01 First release of document.

1.1 1/2/02 Revised for product updates.

2.0 10/09/02 Changes from version 1.1 include:Incorporated edits from Tom Gorski’s review notes on V1.1. Added specs for both inside/outside install of homeGEAR™.Added MDU text inset. Added redundancy section.Updated Product List (Appendix A).Added RMA Process (Appendix C).Updated all text insets.

3.0 March 2003 Changes include:Turned P&E Guide into book format. Updated PON bandwidth allocation. Added bandwidth planning. Added fiber management section. Updated NIM power consumption. Added Ultra powering guidelines. Added Link Aggregation section. Added new alarm propagation information. Numbering in Ch. 2 fixed.Corrections made in Ch.1, 2, 5, & 6 per 3.0 release.Restructured and refocused document. Removed product features and specifications.

3.1 September 2003 Added DS3 Loopback illustration to Chapter 5. Minor grammatical changes throughout.

4.0 September 2004 Restructured and streamlined manual. Removed redundancy. Created new worksheets.

5.0 July 2005 Added Edge 200, Home 4000, and Xgen 7000. Removed homeGEAR™ 1000 and homeGEAR™ Ultra. Also removed PON redundancy and Spanning Tree redundancy.

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Customer Response Center

IntroductionAbout This Manual

This book contains information necessary to plan and design a network using the Alloptic system.

Audience

This guide is intended for network planners, system designers, and engineering consultants associated with the planning and engineering of the Alloptic System.

Where to find help

Customer Response CenterPhone: In USA 1-866-ALLOPTIC (255-6784)International +01-925-245-7600e-mail: [email protected]: +01-925-245-7601

Special Labels

The following special alerts are used to highlight hazardous conditions or emphasize procedural information critical to a task.

HAZARD: A Hazard note addresses conditions that could cause personnel injury or death. Pertinent safety precautions are presented.

CLASS 1 LASER HAZARD: A LASER Hazard note addresses conditions that could cause eye injury. Pertinent safety precautions are presented.

CAUTION: A Caution note addresses conditions that could damage equipment. Pertinent preventative precautions are presented.

WARNING: A Warning note addresses conditions that could cause service interruptions. Pertinent preventative precautions are presented.

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Customer Response Center

NOTE: A special note that high lights information important to the successful completion of a procedure.

BEST PRACTICE: A Best Practice note strongly encourages the user to follow a given procedure to avoid service interruptions or damage to the product.

REQUIREMENT: An installation requirement that must be observed to prevent damaged equipment or potential injury.

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The Alloptic Advantage

Chapter 1 System Overview

Alloptic® System Overview

The Alloptic AdvantageThe Alloptic system utilizes standards-based Gigabit Ethernet as its underlying service delivery mechanism. Passive Optical Network (PON) functionality is capable of transporting all legacy services including plain old telephone service (POTS), T1s or E1s, DS-3 (with full MUXing capabilities), data and IP video. Additionally, RF video is easily accommodated within the PON’s fiber, or over a separate fiber dedicated to this purpose.Alloptic has a scalable system that delivers services natively, without translation, circuit emulation or encapsulation. edgeGEAR 2000 and Edge 200 are converged service platforms (triple play).

The Benefits of PONThe fundamental benefits of PON technology include simplicity, flexibility, high bandwidth, and converged services. The converged services include data, TDM, Voice over IP, RF video and IP video.Passive optical splitters replace active network components, such as amplifiers, switches or regenerators from field locations. These splitters fit into standard splice enclosures and can be conveniently installed as the cable is spliced. Eliminated are expensive controlled environmental vaults (CEVs), air conditioning requirements, large pedestals, commercial powering, as well as time consuming technician dispatches.Secondly, PON technology employs bi-directional communications over a single fiber strand serving multiple locations. This single strand of fiber can be “split” into many beams of light, feeding service drops at numerous customer locations. Reducing the amount of fiber needed by more than half, frequently extends the life span of older fiber plants whose facilities have become exhausted.The flexibility of PON allows it to be integrated into many legacy architectures, such as point-to-point data or hybrid fiber coax (HFC) systems.

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The Benefits of PON

Figure 1: edgeGEAR 2000 PON Overview

Figure 2: Edge 200 PON Overview

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Architectural Elements

Architectural ElementsThe Alloptic Network consists of these basic elements:

• The central office edgeGEAR 2000 chassis manages the ONUs as well as aggregates video, data, and telephony feeds from one or more network distribution points. The edgeGEAR chassis provides Operation, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning (OAM&P) functions and communicates with the ONUs.

• A smaller version of the edgeGEAR 2000, the Edge 200 manages the ONUs as well as aggregates video, data, and telephony feeds from one or more network distribution points. The edgeGEAR chassis provides Operation, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning (OAM&P) functions and communicates with the ONUs from a central office or a remote location.

• The Optical Network Unit (ONU):• FTTB: Fiber to the Business (bizGEAR™ 200)• FTTH: Fiber to the Home (home 4000)• FTTmdu: Fiber to the Multi-Dwelling Unit (mduGEAR™ 224 and

aceGEAR)• FTTCurb: Fiber to the Curb (Xgen 7000)• tvGEAR™ Video Unit

• The fiber element consists of:• A single strand of single mode fiber.• Cascaded splitters (1 x N, 2 x N).• The edge splitter (1 x N, 2 x N).• Service Drop to the premise.

Standard System ArchitectureThe standard system utilizes a two-wavelength PON that supports bi-directional services using a WDM approach. The downstream services are transmitted at 1490nm. The upstream services are transmitted at 1310nm.

Figure 3: PON System Architecture

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Chapter 2 Alloptic Product Family

Optical Network Unit (ONU) familyAlloptic® networks are created utilizing PON fiber architecture with an OLT (optical line terminator) installed in a central location and ONUs placed at business or residential locations. The edgeGEAR 2000 chassis in the head end of the system aggregates traffic from up to 16 PONs and provides the access points for all data and telephony services that are offered to subscribers. The chassis also provides all management and control functionality and interfaces to the ONUs.Each PON provides up to 1 Gb/s capacity in both upstream and downstream directions. All of the ONUs attached to the PON share this bandwidth, and individual ONUs have access to the entire bandwidth if the SLA so directs. The type of ONU installed dictates the maximum amount of bandwidth and type of service offerings that can be provided at any particular location.Alloptic ONUs have been optimized for different applications as follows:

home 4000home 4000 is optimized for single-family or multi-tenant dwellings. One fiber termination can feed up to four living units. It includes:

• four individually controlled 10/100BaseT Ethernet ports• four POTS ports• one Coax port (Coax cable to TV)• optional RF Receiver or Transceiver

It is available with built in power and battery backup.

Figure 4: home 4000

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bizGEAR™ ULTRA

bizGEAR™ ULTRAThe bizGEAR™ ULTRA is designed to provide services to small and medium size businesses as well as multi-tenant office-building environments. It can provide Ethernet service and has the ability to separate traffic into multiple streams utilizing advanced 802.1Q VLAN Tagging and advanced Q in Q (double tagging). Telephony services can be provided using T1/E1 applications or Voice over IP using isolated VLANS for high security. The bizGEAR™ ONU is temperature hardened and is equally at home in a telephone closet, distribution cabinet, or data center.

Figure 5: bizGEAR ULTRA

bizGEAR™ 200This is the most powerful and versatile ONU Alloptic produces. The bizGEAR™ 200 comes standard with four 10/100 Base-T data interfaces and 2 T1/E1 ports. It also provides 4 expansion slots for additional customer interface cards. It supports full switching and bridging functionality, data rate shaping, VLAN tagging, Q in Q double tagging, and Diffserv support. The optional interfaces include a dual T1-E1 card, a Quad Fast Ethernet interface card, and a Quad 100BaseFX (mm/sm) optical interface card.

Figure 6: bizGEAR™ 200

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mduGEAR™ 224

mduGEAR™ 224The mduGEAR™ supports apartment complexes and campus environments. These units are designed for telephone closet or rack mounting in non-environmentally controlled locations. It provides 24 10/100 BaseT Ethernet ports, each with individually controlled bandwidth shaping. mduGEAR™ 224 supports 2 individually controlled T1/E1 interfaces, allowing telephony services to be delivered to an apartment complex or campus. mduGEAR™ can deliver RF video services with the addition of an optional tvGEAR video converter. Battery backed power options allow lifeline services to be supported for the whole complex. It includes a full-featured Ethernet switch and allows multiple ports to be “switched” providing a local LAN service.

Figure 7: mduGEAR 224

aceGEARAlloptic’s access concentrator (aceGEAR) is designed to bring data, video and voice services to businesses, apartment complexes, malls and high rises. It’s designed for telephone closet or rack mounting in non-environmentally controlled locations. With up to 24 100BaseFX SPF optical interfaces and two optional T1/E1 ports, aceGEAR provides high port density and low cost per drop. It includes a full-featured Ethernet switch and allows multiple ports to be “switched”, providing local LAN service. Battery backed power options allow lifeline services to be supported for the whole complex. Delivers RF Video services by adding an optional tvGEAR Video converter.

Figure 8: aceGEAR

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2

1

RTNSECOUTPUT

EAST

1

LINKALARM

INPUT2 1 2 -48

POWER

-48 RTNPRI

LINK



Xgen 7000

Xgen 7000Alloptic’s temperature hardened eXtended Gigabit Ethernet Network-terminal (Xgen 7000) is a multiple-service, multiple-port ONU capable of delivering Long Range Ethernet services over standard telephone lines. It provides 24 high-speed 10BaseS data lines that, when combined with a 10BaseS modem, can be used to provide a subscriber with Ethernet service up to 1km over existing Category 3 wiring at speeds from 2 to 15 Mbps symmetric or asymmetric. It provides 2 toll quality T1/E1 interfaces for TDM services, and it supports a 10/100BaseT Ethernet port for ancillary data services.This ONU is ideal for installation in residential home complexes where existing wiring cannot be upgraded or for curb applications where installation of fiber all the way to a residence is not practical. It’s designed for telephone closet, wall mount or rack mounting in non-environmentally controlled locations.

Figure 9: Xgen 7000

R

R

VIDEO OUT

3

4

1

2

7

8

5

6

11

12

9

10

15

16

13

14

19

20

17

18

23

24

21

22

PON BPON A

LINK A LINK B

48-SEC

-48 RTN

POWER

212

ALARMINPUT

1OUTPUT

RTNPRI

COM 48 VDC 1.5A

2

1

21 25

DIAG ETHERNET10/100

T1/E1LINK STATUS

10BaseS Ethernet

1-24



Network Considerations

edgeGEAR 2000 Network Considerations

The SCM module has 2 gigabit optical Ethernet ports (SPF, MM or SM) for data traffic. TDM support:

• 4 DS3s providing channelization to the DS0.• 112 T1s or 84 E1s.• 2688 (T1) DS0s or 2520 (E1) DS0s.• Support for GR303 gateway.• Support for V5.x Gateway.

PON Considerations• 8 OLT per chassis• 16 PONs per chassis• 32 ONUs per PON• 4032 VLANs per chassis, 0 through 63 reserved.

Edge 200 Network Considerations

The Edge 200 has 2 GE optical (SPF, MM or SM) and 2 10/100BaseT Ethernet network ports for data traffic. TDM support:

• 4 T1/E1s providing channelization to the DS0.• 96 (T1) DS0s or 120 (E1) DS0s.• Support for TDM voice gateways.

PON Considerations• 2 PONs per chassis• 32 ONUs per PON• 4032 VLANs per chassis, 0 through 63 reserved.



GigaVu™

Operating Systems

GigaVu™The GigaVu™ local manager is an application that runs on an embedded web server on each edgeGEAR 2000 chassis. Using web-based point and click technology, the operator can easily configure all aspects of the system. Additionally, it monitors the status of all system components and regulates user privileges and security. It is SNMP compliant, and a common workstation running Microsoft® Internet Explorer version 5.0, or higher, is all that it requires.

GEMS™GEMS™ (Gigabit Element Management System) uses the power of a relational database management system to provide operators with centralized and continual access to multiple systems. Numerous threshold-crossing values can be set within the system, which can be used for maintenance and analytical functions. Furthermore, templates can be created that replace frequently repeated tasks, such as service creation and applying common service profiles.



General Information

Chapter 3 Site Survey

OverviewThis document details the methods and procedures used to perform a site survey in advance of a field installation of Alloptic network equipment. A complete and accurate site survey is essential to the installation effort.

This site survey is intended to identify ALL of the items needed for a successful installation and integration of the Alloptic chassis, the related Optical Network Units (ONUs), as well as the management software. It can be used in either field trial or deployment situations.

General Information

Prepared For:

Customer Name: ________________________________

Address: _______________________________________

Prepared By:

Name: _________________________________________

Title: __________________________________________

Address: _______________________________________

Telephone: _____________________________________

Fax: __________________________________________

Pager or Cell: ___________________________________

Email: _________________________________________



General Information

Survey Dates:

Date Scheduled: ____________________

Date Started: _______________________

Date Completed: ____________________

Customer Contacts:Operations Contacts:

Name: ________________________________________

Title: _________________________________________

Address: ______________________________________

Telephone: ____________________________________

Fax: _________________________________________

Pager or Cell: __________________________________

Email: ________________________________________

Technical Contact:

Name: ________________________________________

Title: _________________________________________

Telephone: ____________________________________

Fax: _________________________________________

Pager or Cell: __________________________________

Email: ________________________________________



Outside Plant

Outside Plant

Connectivity between the Alloptic® chassis and ONUs is made across fiber that the customer has installed and tested. To this end, the customer is asked to provide test results confirming that the cable was functioning correctly when it was installed, and that it meets or exceeds industry specifications for all normal transmission characteristics such as attenuation and band pass.

Has the fiber distribution center been installed?

Yes it is installed

No, it will be installed on: _______________

Is it single mode cable?

Yes, it is single mode cable that was made by ___________________ under part number _____________________________

No

Have bi-directional end-to-end OTDR tests been completed?

Yes, and the test results are attached

No, test results will be available on _________________

Does this test indicate that -23dBm can be delivered to each ONU when the launch is at zero dBm?

Yes

No. What will be done to correct the situation ________________________

Splitters, Splices, and Terminations

Has a diagram detailing the physical layout of the fiber including splitters been included?

Yes

No



Outside Plant

Has an SC (green) APC style connector been installed at all locations intended to plug into Alloptic® equipment?

Yes

No

Fiber to the Curb FacilitiesGenerally, FTTC facilities are contained in a Controlled Environment Vault (CEV) or enclosure that is environmentally stabilized. The next series of questions describe the facility intended for use in the installation of the chassis and/or ONUs. Use a different sheet for each facility.

Describe the exact location of this enclosure(s)

Address: _______________________________________

Cross Street: ____________________________________

Is there adequate space within this enclosure to house the FTTC ONU(s)?

Yes

No

Is this enclosure environmentally stable?

Yes

No

Is -48VDC available in this enclosure?

Yes

No

Is the source of power “conditioned” with UPS and surge protection?

Yes

No

Is 110VAC available for test set powering?

Yes

No



Services Worksheet

Services WorksheetGenerally, FTTH and FTTB facilities are placed in a room dedicated to telephone and CATV distribution. The chart below describes the facility intended for use in the installation of the ONUs. Use a different sheet for each PON.

PON Number: _________________

ONU ONU Model Location

What TDM services will be

delivered?

What data services will be

delivered?

What Video Services?

Physical Address Room Number DS-0 DS-1 Min

BWMax BW RF IP

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32



Central Office or Head-End Facility

Central Office or Head-End FacilitySufficient physical space, power and cooling needs to be identified and reserved for the installation.

Physical SpaceIs this a secure location?

Yes

No

If so, how is access gained: _________________________________

What Rack(s) location will be reserved? Racks may be either 19” or 23”. (describe by row, aisle and rack number).

Rack 1: ________________________________________

Rack 2, etc: _____________________________________

How many rack units are available in each rack?

Rack 1: _________________________________________

Rack 2, etc: ______________________________________

PowerIs 110 or 220 VAC available for test and ancillary equipment?

110 VAC

220 VAC

Is this protected with UPS?

Yes

No

Is 10 AMPS of minus 48VDC available for each chassis?

Yes

No

Identify the fuse panel(s) to be used: ________________________________



Central Office or Head-End Facility

TDM services

Is BITS composite clock available?

Yes

No

Will DS3 be used?

Yes

No

Will GR 303 or V5.2 be used?

Yes

No

If yes, provide the manufacturer and model number:

_________________________________________________

Upstream Connectivity to Data Services

Is the upstream device capable of providing VLAN tags?

Yes

No

What is the speed, protocol and type of physical connection?

Protocol: _______________________

Speed: _________________________

Connector: ______________________

Upstream Connectivity to IP Content Services

How many channels are available? _____________________

What is the average encoded output bit rate for analog to base-band encoding? __________________________________

What is the average output bit rate for Digital Turn Around (DTA)? ________

What is the highest output rate for Video on Demand (VOD) services?_____________________________



Network Integration and Management

Network Integration and Management

IP Administration

The management port on the Alloptic® chassis has a web-based interface (GigaVu™). The IP Address of this port can be changed so that the chassis may be managed locally or remotely over the Internet. Many customers find it useful to allow the Alloptic TAC to have access to the chassis.

What IP address has been reserved as the Primary Chassis IP address?___________________________

Does a firewall protect this address?

Yes

No

Provide any VPN information needed to reach this port remotely:___________________________________________________________

Network Management

As previously described, Alloptic® has developed both a local manager (GigaVu) and an enterprise management system (GEMS). These systems provide the customer with a means of configuring the Alloptic devices as well as monitoring performance metrics. GEMS can be integrated into an Enterprise Management System, such as HP’s OpenView or MicroMuse’s NetCool. Alloptic will provide a complete MIB set for the customer’s use in scripting various management tasks.

Will the Alloptic® Element Manager be integrated into any legacy management systems?

Yes

No

If yes, please identify software and version: __________________________



Acceptance Testing

Acceptance Testing

Alloptic® maintains a rigorous standard testing methodology that validates that the proposed system(s) are performing properly. A component of this site survey is to review the test plan for completeness and applicability with the customer. The customer is expected to review this plan and make modifications before the trial or installation begins. The customer is expected to provide any specialized test equipment, and an experienced operator, to perform these tests.

What test sets are available at the customer location? ____________________________________________________

What modifications, if any, have been requested to the standard test plan?

____________________________________________________

Shipping and Staging

What is the “ship to” address?

Contact Name: __________________________________________

Physical Address: _______________________________________ (Do Not use PO Box, etc.)

Contact Phone Number: ___________________________________

Shipping policies, check those that apply.

Saturday deliveries are acceptable?

A loading dock is available?

A secure staging location can be arranged?



Services and Bandwidth Requirements

Services and Bandwidth Requirements

What services will be provided at the time of deployment? Data POTS T1 IP Video RF Video in the 50 to 870 meg range RF Video in the 1 to 2 Gig range

Comments

Please provide any information that you feel could affect the outcome of this installation:

__________________________________________________________________



edgeGEAR 2000

Chapter 4 System Powering

This section covers the basic methods of powering the edgeGEAR 2000 chassis, the Edge 200 chassis, the bizGEAR 200, bizGEAR Ultra, home 4000, mduGEAR™ 224, aceGEAR and Xgen 7000 ONUs.

Chassis Powering Guidelines edgeGEAR 2000

The edgeGEAR 2000 chassis is rated at 450 Watts Max Consumption. The recommended procedure is that you base all power planning for the edgeGEAR 2000 chassis on a full configuration. This assures adequate power to allow for future growth and expansion. The following table shows the measured power consumption for a fully loaded, protected chassis. Table 1: Fully loaded protected chassis

The edgeGEAR 2000 chassis supports a standard voltage range of -40 to -65 VDC. It accepts power from -48 VDC central office/head end battery that is equipped with dual (A and B) battery feed input connections (see the figure below). Each battery feed should be individually fused with a fast-blow 15A fuse.A fuse and alarm panel is recommended for fusing and distributing DC to the edgeGEAR 2000 chassis. If a redundant power feed is available, connect it to the B side. The edgeGEAR 2000 chassis power supply has a diode-combining input that will operate off either power feeds. No special jumpers are required if only one power feed is employed.

Item Amps Watts Btu/hrChassis with fans 1.09 52.32 178.52BNC 0.02 00.96 3.28SCM primary 0.81 38.88 132.66SCM secondary 0.81 38.88 132.66OLT 1 primary 0.38 18.24 62.24OLT 2 secondary 0.38 18.24 62.24OLT 3 primary 0.38 18.24 62.24OLT 4 secondary 0.38 18.24 62.24OLT 5 primary 0.38 18.24 62.24OLT 6 secondary 0.38 18.24 62.24OLT 7 primary 0.38 18.24 62.24OLT 8 secondary 0.38 18.24 62.24NIM primary 0.50 24.00 81.89NIM secondary 0.50 24.00 81.89DS3M primary 0.43 20.64 70.43DS3M secondary 0.43 20.64 70.43Total 7.63 366.24 1249.66



Edge 200

Figure 10: edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis Powering Guidelines

Edge 200The Edge 200 chassis is rated at 50 Watts Max Consumption. It requires a 5 Amp circuit. Base all power planning on a full configuration. This assures adequate power for future growth and expansion.

The Edge 200 chassis supports a standard voltage range of -40 to -65 VDC. It accepts power from dual -48 VDC power feeds. A fuse and alarm panel is recommended for fusing and distributing DC to the Edge 200 chassis. No special jumpers are required if only one power feed is employed.

Item Watts Btu/hr

Edge 200 Max = 50WTypical = 40W

Max = 170.607Typical = 136.4856

ExplodedAlarm Pin View

-48 ARTN A

CHASSIS A

-48Vdc10 A

Exploded Power Pinsand Grounding Lugs

-48 BRTN B

CHASSIS B

-48Vdc10 A

A B

ON OFF

ON OFF

Rear Chassis View

LIGHT AUDIBLECRT MJR MNR CRTMJR MNR



Edge 200

Figure 11: Edge 200 Chassis Powering Guidelines

+48-48GND+48-48

Phoenix MSTB 5 Connector

48VDCPower Brick

INPUT:100-240 VAC

47-83 HZ

OUTPUT:48 VDC1.2 A Max

10/100 1

-4 8-4 8

10/100 21GE 1

1GE 2

MGMTDIA G

B ITS

POWE RPOWE RPOWE ROUTPUT

1 2

A LA RM

2INPUT

1SEC

RT N RT NPRI

48 V DC 1.5ACOM

P ON 2 V IDEO 2P ON 1 V IDEO 1

LINKLINK10/10010/1001 2 1

1GE2

1GE

21 3 4

T1/E 1

MAJORMINOR

INP UT INPUT

R

R

12345

Backup Power Source

Building GroundSystem



edgeGEAR 2000

Chassis Grounding Guidelines edgeGEAR 2000

Two grounding points are provided on the edgeGEAR 2000 chassis rear panel. Only one of the grounding points is used.

The edgeGEAR 2000 chassis should be tied to the office ground separately from the -48V return. Make this ground common with the office ground. Do not depend entirely on a mechanical connection to the equipment rack.

Figure 12: Chassis Grounding

Edge 200One grounding point is provided on the Edge 200 front panel. The Edge 200 chassis should be tied to the office ground separately from the -48V return. Make this ground common with the office ground. Do not depend entirely on a mechanical connection to the equipment rack.

Rear chassis vieww ith w iring attached

DLP8003ON OF

F

ON OFF

G roundingLugs

G roundingLugs

10/100 1

-48-48

10/100 21GE 1

1GE 2

MGMTDIAG

BITS

POWERPOWERPOWEROUTPUT

1 2

ALARM

2INPUT

1SEC

RTN RTNPRI

48 VDC 1.5ACOM

PON 2 VIDEO 2PON 1 VIDEO 1

LINKLINK10/10010/1001 2 1

1GE2

1GE

21 3 4

T1/E1

MAJORMINOR

INPUT INPUT

R

R

Building Ground



ONU Grounding Guidelines

ONU Powering Guidelines

Figure 13: ONU Powering Guidelines


Each ONU must be provided with an earth ground for safety and equipment protection (25 ohms or less). Usually a good local ground rod connection is sufficient. Do not use power company neutral for a ground.

CAUTION: Equipment damage can result if the customer fails to provide a good local ground at each ONU, especially in installation exposed to lightning activity.

ONU Input Power Power Consumption Power Supply Option

bizGEAR Ultra 12 VDC nominal (10 to 16 VDC) 20 W atts Brick or UPS

bizGEAR 200 -48 VDC nominal (-40 to -65 VDC) 40 W atts Max Brick or UPS

home 4000 12 VDC nominal (10 to 16 VDC) 18 W atts

Brick, UPS or UPS Charger with Battery

mduGEAR -40 to -65 VDC 50 W atts Max Brick or a UPS Charger with Battery

aceGEAR -48 VDC dual input 50 W atts Max Brick or a UPS Charger with Battery

Xgen 7000 -48 VDC dual input 50 W atts Max Brick or a UPS Charger with Battery

tvGEAR 12 VDC 10 W atts

Brick or Power supplied by mduGEAR or aceGEAR

SF Optical Receiver 12 VDC 3 W atts Brick or Power supplied by home 4000

DF Optical Receiver 12 VDC 3 W atts Brick or Power supplied by home 4000

Optical Transceiver 12 VDC 4 W atts Brick, UPS or home 4000




Power Supplies Specifications

Power Supplies

ONU Compatibility Power Operating

Temp Notes

Input Output

PSB8001 APC plus Battery

bizGEAR Ultrahome 4000

100 - 240 VAC

12 VDC(24 Watts)

0 to 45°C

PSB1005 APX Brick

bizGEAR Ultrahome 4000SF Optical ReceiverOptical ReceiverOptical Transceiver

90 - 264 VAC

12 VDC(24 Watts)

0 to 40°C

PSB1006APX Brick w/International Plug Kit

bizGEAR Ultrahome 4000SF Optical ReceiverOptical ReceiverOptical Transceiver

90 - 264 VAC

12 VDC(24 Watts)

0 to 40°C

PSB1003Hardened Charger for metal OSP

bizGEAR Ultrahome 4000

100 - 240 VAC

12 VDC(30 Watts)

-40 to 65°C (charger) -65 to 80°C (batteries)

BAT1001 hardened battery for the PSB1003.

PSB1001APC Charger plus Battery

bizGEAR 200mduGEAR™ 224aceGEARXgen 7000tvGEAR

100 - 240 VAC

48 VDC(50 Watts)

-20 to 45°C

PSAC001Brick

bizGEAR 200mduGEAR™ 224aceGEARXgen 7000tvGEAR

100 - 240 VAC

48 VDC (60 to 65 Watts)

0 to 50°C



Chapter 5 Optical Budget

Fiber Optic Budget GuidelinesSplitter, fiber, splice and connector losses are the primary factors that affect the optical budget. Optical degradation and receiver desensitization are primary factors when considering headroom calculations. Distance is a factor of available light level. These factors have been planned for in the following optical budget guidelines.

• Downstream communication is at 1490 nm and the upstream at 1310 nm over the same fiber.

• Since the optical loss is greater at 1310 nm, loss calculations are normally made at 1310 nm.

• Maximum loss allowed between the chassis and an ONU is 24 dB in both directions.• Optical Planning is the lesser of the two wave lengths, or 25dBm.

The ONU Loss Budget is the Sum of the Launch Power + the Receive Sensitivity.

The central office chassis requires only one fiber and one OLT module to fully communicate with all of the ONUs on a PON.However, Alloptic recommends that a second fiber be used, and that the central office chassis be equipped with redundant OLT modules for high-end business customers who require ultra-high stability of service.

Downstream Loss Budget Upstream Loss Budget

Chassis Tx 3 dB ONU Tx 0 dB

ONU Rx 24 dB Chassis Rx 27 dB

Margin -2 dB Margin -2 dB

Budget 25 dB Budget 25 dB



Fiber Optic Budget for RF Applications

Fiber Optic Budget for RF ApplicationsThe optical budget is affected when WDM is utilized for RF video applications. A transmitter and EDFA amplifier are required at the chassis for each PON serving area. At the ONU location, the receiver can be either a stand-alone device or configured using a single (Figure 14) or dual fiber solution (Figure 16).The following figures and tables illustrate the effective range and associated loss assumptions for a home 4000 RF Video application.

Figure 14: Single Fiber Solution

edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis

Satellitedish orContentSource

Analog toOptical

TransmitterEDFA

(1550nm)

WDM InputPON Splitter

Feeder FiberCONVENTIONAL

TELEVISION

1x

32

Drop Fiber

homeGEARONU

RG6COAX

Video RFOutput

Optical PON 1490nmDownstream

1310nm UpstreamThird LamdaDownstream

1550nm

Single Fiber Solution



Loss Assumptions

Figure 15: Calculating Loss Budget

Loss AssumptionsThe following are typical loss assumptions. Your results may vary depending upon the optical loss.Table 2: WDM Video - ONU distribution loss assumptions

Table 3: Loss Specification for 3rd Lamda @ 1550nm

Device Loss

Connectors 0.2 dB (ea.)

Fiber loss @1490/1550 nm per km 0.25 dB

Fiber loss @1310 nm per km 0.35 dB

1 x 32 splitter loss/leg 17.5 dB

Device Loss Output or Input Level

EDFA Output +18.0 dBm

OLT insertion loss @1550 nm 2.0 dB

ONU insertion loss @1550 nm 2.0 dB

Optical Receiver Input Range -2.0 to -6.0 dBM

Satellitedish or

ContentSource

Analog toOptical

TransmitterEDFA

(1550nm)

WDM Input

PON Splitter

Feeder Fiber

CONVENTIONALTELEVISION

1x

32

Drop Fiber

RG6COAX Video RF

Output2.5 Km

1.5 Km

Optical PON 1490nmDownstream

1310nm UpstreamThird Lamda

Downstream1550nm

R

R

Edge 200 Home 4000ONU

RF OpticalReceiver



Loss Assumptions

Table 4: WDM Video - ONU Distribution 1490/1550 Total Loss Budget

QTY dB/km Loss

Feeder Fiber 2.5 km 0.25 0.625

Splitter 1x32 17.500

Drop Fiber 1.5 km 0.25 0.375

Connectors 5 0.20 1.000

Margin 1.000

Loss Budget 20.500

NOTE: Budget is typical of all ONUs.



Two Fiber Solution

Two Fiber SolutionUsing a two-fiber distribution network has 2 primary benefits.

• Permits additional rangeA 32 ONU PON w/one-fiber will typically be able to reach about 10km. This same PON cannot support WDM. There is not enough budget to absorb the insertion loss. A 16 ONU PON will reach 20km. Adding a 3rd lambda will decrease this range to about 9km do to the insertion loss. This makes a 2-fiber solution very appealing when greater distance is needed to reach customers (Figure 16).

• Provides RF Return PathWith a fiber dedicated to video only, the 3rd lambda technique, you can open your network to more than one provider. Alloptic Optical to Electrical converters (O to E) can support different wavelengths allowing you to have up to three providers sharing one fiber (Figure 16).

Figure 16: Dual Fiber Application

PON Splitter bizGEAR ONUwith WDM Filter

tvGEAR Transceiver

CONVENTIONALTELEVISION

Optical PON1490nm

Downstream1310nm Upstream

FeederFiber

DropFiber

1x

32

1x

32

PON Splitter

Video PON Downstream

1550nm

FeederFiber

DropFiber

Satellitedish orContentSource

Analog toOptical

Transmitter EDFA(1550nm)

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOSTIC XCVR1

PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1


10/100 ETHERNETSLOT 2

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 1

S LOT 4

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 3

POWERALARM


34PT



Splitter Configuration and Loss Budget

Splitter Configuration and Loss BudgetThe following sections show the typical effective range and associated loss budget for the Alloptic system in various 1xN splitter configurations. (2xN splitters have roughly the same effective range.)

Table 5: Equipment Loss

PON DistributionIn a simple PON distribution model, the splitter is normally located near the ONU installation areas.

Figure 17: Simple PON Distribution

Description Loss Budget

SC/APC Connector .25 dB (EA)

Splicer loss .025 dB

Fiber loss @ 1490/1550 nM per km 0.25 dB

Fiber loss @ 1310 nM per km 0.35 dB

1 x 2 Splitter loss 3.5 dB





PONDistribution

Fibers

ONU 1Thru

ONU 32

ONU 1

ONU 32

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOSTIC XCVR1

PON MAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1



1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 1

SLOT 4

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 3

POW ERALARM

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOSTIC XCVR1

PONM AC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1



1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 1

SLOT 4

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 3

POW ERALARM

FeederFiber

Drop F

iber


1 x 32

Splitter




The loss assumptions are shown in Table 6; the total loss budget is shown in Table 7.

Table 6: Simple PON Distribution Loss Assumptions

Table 7: Simple PON Distribution Total Loss Budget

Device Loss





QTY dB/km Loss


Splitter 1x32 17.50

Drop Fiber 5.0 km 0.25 1.25


Margin 1.00

Loss Budget 22.50




Cascaded PON DistributionThe first splitter allows smaller groups of ONUs to be geographically diverse. Second and third tier PON feeders and splitters provide service to widely separated installation clusters. Deployment distance with this ONU model is approximately 20 km, depending upon the optical loss.

Figure 18: Cascaded PON Distribution

Making the loss assumptions in Table 8, the total loss budget is shown in Table 9.

Table 8: Cascaded PON Distribution Loss Assumptions

Device Loss






Downstream >

< Upstream

ONU 1

FeederFiber

ONU 2

ONU 3

ONU 4

ONU 11

ONU 12

ONU 14

ONU 5

ONU 6

ONU 8

ONU 9

ONU 10

ONU 13

ONU 7

Drop Fiber

Drop Fiber

Drop FiberDS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOSTI C XCVR1

P ONMA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T 1/E1

P OWE RX CV R1X CV R21 2 3 4

10/100 ET HERNETSL OT 2

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PO RT

SLOT 3

POW ERALARM

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DI AGNOST IC XCVR1

P ONMA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T 1/E1

P OW ERX CVR1X CV R21 2 3 4


1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PO RT

SLOT 3

POW ERALARM

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOSTIC XCVR1

P ONMA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1

P OW E RX CV R1XCV R21 2 3 4


1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLO T 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SL OT 3

POW ERALARM

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DI AGNOST IC XCVR1

P ONMA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1

P OW ERX CV R1X CVR21 2 3 4


1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SL OT 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SL OT 3

POW ERALARM

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOSTIC XCVR1

P ONMA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1

P OW E RX CV R1XCV R21 2 3 4


1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLO T 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SL OT 3

POW ERALARM

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DI AGNOST IC XCVR1

P ONMA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1



1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SL OT 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SL OT 3

POW ERALARM

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DI AGNOST IC XCVR1

P ONMA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1



1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SL OT 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SL OT 3

POW ERALARM

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAG NOSTIC XCVR1

P ONMA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/ E1

POW E RX CV R1X CV R21 2 3 4


1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SL OT 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 3

POW ERALARM

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOST IC XCVR1

P ONMA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1

P OWE RXCV R1XCV R21 2 3 4


1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLO T 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SL OT 3

POW ERALARM

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOSTIC XCVR1

P ONMA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T 1/E1

P OW E RX CV R1X CV R21 2 3 4


1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 3

POW ERALARM

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNO STI C XCVR1

PONMA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T 1/E1

P OWE RX CV R1X CVR21 2 3 4


1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLO T 3

POW ERALARM

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DI AGNOST IC XCVR1

P ONMA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T 1/E1

P OW ERX CVR1X CV R21 2 3 4


1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PO RT

SLOT 3

POW ERALARM

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOST IC XCVR1

P ONMA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/ E1

P OWE RXCV R1X CV R21 2 3 4

10/ 100 ETHERNETSLO T 2

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SL OT 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SL OT 3

POW ERALARM

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOSTIC XCVR1

P ONMA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T 1/E1

P OW E RX CV R1X CV R21 2 3 4


1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 3

POW ERALARM

1x4Splitter

1x4Splitter

1x4Splitter

1x4Splitter

1x2Splitter

10/100 1-4 8-4 8

10/100 21GE 1

1GE 2

MGMTD IA G

B ITS

P OW E RP OW E RP OW E ROUTPUT

1 2

A LA RM

2INPUT

1SEC

RTN RT NPRI

48 V DC 1.5ACOM

P ON 2 V IDE O 2P ON 1 V IDE O 1

LINKLINK10/10010/1001 2 1

1GE2

1GE

21 3 4

T1/E 1

MAJORMINOR

INP UT INP U T

R

R

Edge 200 Chassis




Table 9: Cascaded PON Distribution Total Loss Budget

Branching PON DistributionUsing unbalanced optical splitters allows for greater serving distance. It allows smaller groups of ONUs to be geographically diverse. Second and third tier PON feeders and splitters provide service to widely separated installation clusters. Deployment distances with this model can be up to 15 km, depending upon the optical loss.

Figure 19: Branching PON Distribution

QTY dB/km Loss


Splitter 1 x 2 1 3.50






Margin 1.00

Loss Budget 22.75

ONU 1

ONU 5

ONU 2

Drop Fiber Drop Fiber


ONU 3 ONU 4DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOSTICXCVR1

PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1

P OWERX CVR1XCVR21 2 3 4


1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 3

POW ERALARM DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOSTICXCVR1

PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1

P OWERX CVR1XCVR21 2 3 4


1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 3


1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOSTIC XCVR1

P ONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1



1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 3


1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOSTIC XCVR1

PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1

POWE RXCVR1XCVR21 2 3 4


1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 3

POW ERALARM

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOSTICXCVR1

PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1

POW ERXCV R1XCVR21 2 3 4


1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 1

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 3

POW ERALARM1x2

Splitter#1

1x2

Splitter#2

1x2

Splitter#3

1x2

Splitter#4

80% Power20%

Pow

er


Drop Fiber

Drop Fiber


FeederFiber




Making the loss assumptions in Table 10, the total loss budget is shown in Table 11.Table 10: Branching PON Distribution Loss Assumptions

Table 11: Branching PON Distribution Total Loss Budget

Device Loss





QTY dB/km Loss







Drop Fiber 3.0 km 0.25 .75

Drop Fiber 3.0 km 0.25 .75




Margin 1.00

Loss Budget 24.00

n

NOTE: Connector count assumes splitters are spliced.




Chapter 6 Bandwidth Considerations

Chassis Bandwidth Allocation edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis

The edgeGEAR 2000 supports up to 8 PONs at 1 GB full duplex bandwidth in Lite Density Mode. Lite mode also allows OLT hardware card protections. High Density Mode supports up to 16 PONs at 500 Mb full duplex bandwidth. This mode does not provide hardware card protection.

Edge 200 ChassisThe Edge 200 supports two PONs at 1 Gb full duplex bandwidth.

Both ChassisEach PON can support up 32 ONUs, which come in several configurations and provide interfaces for Ethernet, POTS, E1/T1 and RF/CATV. When planning a service area and allocating bandwidth, the following factors must be considered.

• Number of ONUs on the PON

• Services assigned to each ONU

• Operational Overhead (OA&M)

• Auto ranging

Auto Ranging Bandwidth RequirementsAuto ranging requires upstream bandwidth to operate. The PON will automatically calculate the amount of bandwidth required to perform the auto ranging task based on the PON maximum range setting and deduct that value from the available upstream bandwidth. The formula is as follows:

Distance in Meters x .0058912.i.e. 20,000 meters x .0058912 = 117.824Mbs.Each Kilometer requires 5.8192Mbs.

Table 12: Auto Ranging Bandwidth Requirements

Max Range BW Required (Upstream)20,000 Meters 117.824

10,000 Meters 58.912

5000 Meters 29.456

2000 Meters 11.7824



Assigning Bandwidth to Data Services

ONU Bandwidth RequirementsBandwidth is required to operate and manage each ONU. The requirements are different for each model group. There are two basic groups, bizGEAR 200 and all other GEAR.

Table 13: bizGEAR 200 ONU Bandwidth Requirements

Table 14: All Other ONU Bandwidth Requirements

Assigning Bandwidth to Data ServicesEach user can be assigned its own layer 2 VLAN and can have its own unique bandwidth allocation settings, upstream Min/Max and downstream Min/Max.

bizGEAR 200When a new bizGEAR 200 is added, 28.8 Mbs upstream and 1.024 Mbs downstream is removed from the system’s overall available bandwidth. When a VLAN Service is created, no bandwidth is taken away from the PON until it exceeds the 15 Mb data rate. No bandwidth is required to manage the cards themselves.

Other GEARThe home 4000, mduGEAR, aceGEAR, Xgen 7000 and bizGEAR Ultra only reserve enough bandwidth to mange themselves. These ONU do not reserve any excess bandwidth to use when creating VLAN Services.

bizGEAR 200 Upstream BW Downstream BW

OLT A/DOLT B in Lite Mode

OLT B/C in High Density Mode

bizGEAR 200 28.8Mbs 28.8Mbs 1.024Mbs

All Other GEAR Upstream BW Downstream BW

OLT A/DOLT B in Lite Mode

OLT B/C in High Density Mode

home 4000 12.8Mbs 6.784Mbs 1.024Mbs

bizGEAR Ultra 12.8Mbs 6.784Mbs 1.024Mbs

mduGEAR™ 224 12.8Mbs 6.784Mbs 1.024Mbs

aceGEAR 12.8Mbs 6.784Mbs 1.024Mbs

Xgen 7000 12.8Mbs 6.784Mbs 1.024Mbs



VLAN Services

Service Bandwidth RequirementsService offerings drive the bandwidth requirements at the ONU, the PON and at the chassis network ports. Each service type requires different levels of bandwidth support. The network port and PON send and receive traffic at gigabit line speeds. The actual traffic shaping takes place at the ONU layer.

VLAN ServicesVLAN services refer to ONU users configured for Ethernet ports on an ONU.

• Every ONU user configured must have a VLAN ID hence “VLAN Services”.VLAN services can drive many different applications, such as IP Video, VoIP, etc. When configuring a VLAN rate or bandwidth, the system will add additional bandwidth to the configured rate for management purposes.

• The amount added is based on the following formula: Rate + 5% = Total. (rounded to the nearest 64kbs).

• This is the amount that will be taken from the PON bandwidth table. It will not be visible at the ONU level, i.e., the maximum bandwidth setting of 100.032Mbs + 5% = 105.024Mbs.

Symmetrical VLAN ConfigurationsWith a symmetrical VLAN configuration, bandwidth usage is straightforward.

• i.e. 10Mbs upstream (9.984 + .448 = 10.432 actual) min/max and 10Mbs downstream min/max.

• The formula for ONUs with more than one user is “the sum of the minimums or the largest maximum, whichever is greater".

• If only one user, both minimums are guaranteed.• Using the numbers from above, the ONU would reserve the sum of the

minimums.

Table 15: Symmetrical VLAN Configurations Example

Upstream Downstream

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

VLAN 64 *9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432)

VLAN 65 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432)

VLAN 66 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432)

VLAN 67 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432) 9.984 (10.432)

Total 41.728 10.432 41.728 10.432

* Indicates the bandwidth plus 5% for management and was added for clarification. The additional 5% bandwidth increase is not shown at the ONU level.



IP Video Bandwidth Requirements

Asymmetrical VLAN ConfigurationsAsymmetrical services have different min/max values, so the formula is more complex. Each ONU is given a minimum guaranteed bandwidth based on "the sum of the minimums or the largest maximum, whichever is greater".

• Using this, if we configure 4 VLANs on an ONU, each having 10Mbs min. and 100Mbs max, the total of the minimums is less than the largest of the maximums.

• Therefore, the reserved bandwidth for this ONU is going to be 100Mbs (105.024 actual).

Table 16: Asymmetrical VLAN Configurations Example

IP Video Bandwidth RequirementsThe Alloptic system participates in IGMP sessions to maximize bandwidth efficiency. When configuring IP Video, there are two locations to set downstream bandwidth and one location to set upstream bandwidth. These settings are taken out of the overall PON and Network port bandwidth allocations.

• Downstream bandwidth is set on the Network and PON ports.• The upstream bandwidth is set on the ONU.

Upstream Downstream

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

VLAN 64 *9.984 (10.432) 100.032 (105.024) 9.984 (10.432) 100.032 (105.024)

VLAN 65 9.984 (10.432) 100.032 (105.024) 9.984 (10.432) 100.032 (105.024)

VLAN 66 9.984 (10.432) 100.032 (105.024) 9.984 (10.432) 100.032 (105.024)

VLAN 67 9.984 (10.432) 100.032 (105.024) 9.984 (10.432) 100.032 (105.024)

Total 41.728 105.024 41.728 105.024

* Indicates the bandwidth plus 5% for management and was added for clarification. The additional 5% bandwidth increase is not shown at the ONU level.



DS1 and DS0 Bandwidth Requirements

DS1 and DS0 Bandwidth RequirementsThe bandwidth required for a T1 is the same as for an E1, only the number of DS0s will change. The amount for each type of service is 3.584Mbs for a full T1 and 4.992Mbs for a full E1. Both upstream and downstream will be deducted from the PON bandwidth tables. Since these services do not touch the network ports, there is no bandwidth removed from these tables.

Table 17: DS1 Bandwidth Requirements

Table 18: TDM Bandwidth

ONU Upstream Downstream

DS1 0.512 0.512

DS0-1 0.128 0.128

DS0-2 0.128 0.128

* DS0-3 0.128 0.128

Total 3.584 3.584

* Although the table shows only 3 DS0s, the total is for 1 DS1 and 24 DS0s.

PON Starting/Used 1000 MbsUpstream/Remain Starting/Used 1000 Mbs

Downstream/Remain

ONU 28.800 971.200 22.784 977.216

* User #1 0.128 971.072 0.128 977.088

DS1 0.512 970.560 0.512 976.576

DS0-1 0.128 970.432 0.128 976.448

DS0-2 0.128 970.304 0.128 976.320

* DS0-3 0.128 970.176 0.128 976.192

* In order to show the full TDM bandwidth being deducted, a user was created to exceed the 16 Mbs reserved at the ONU. This table shows only 3 DS0s.



POTS Bandwidth Requirements

POTS Bandwidth RequirementsFour POTS ports, also called AVM (Audio Voice Module), are available on the home 4000 ONU. The module requires 192Kbs for management, and each port requires an additional 128Kbs per POTS port.

Table 19: POTS Bandwidth

Table 20: POTS Bandwidth

ONU Upstream Downstream

AVM Mod 0.192 0.192

POTS-1 0.128 0.128

POTS-2 0.128 0.128

POTS-3 0.128 0.128

POTS-4 0.128 0.128

Total 0.704 0.704

PON Starting/Used 1000 MbsUpstream/Remain Starting/Used 1000 Mbs

Downstream/Remain

ONU 12.800 987.200 6.784 993.216

* User #1 0.128 987.072 0.128 993.088

AVM Mod 0.192 986.880 0.192 992.896

POTS-1 0.128 986.752 0.128 992.768

POTS-2 0.128 986.624 0.128 992.640

POTS-3 0.128 986.496 0.128 992.512

POTS-4 0.128 986.368 0.128 992.384

* In order to show the full POTS bandwidth being deducted, a user was created to exceed the 16 Mbs reserved at the ONU.



Services Bandwidth Total per PON

Services Bandwidth Total per PONCalculate bandwidth total per PON. Create a new worksheet for each. Enter the number (Qty) of ports with each service. Enter the highest maximum for any port.

Services Bandwidth AssumptionsFixed Bandwidth for DS1 and POTS.

• DS1 = 3.0 Mb• POTS = 0.13 Mb

Auto Ranging = 5 Mb per kilometer upstreamOA&M:

• bizGEAR 200 = 28.8 (upstream)• All others = 12.8 (upstream)• All = 1.024 (downstream)

Maximum Bandwidth:

• Up to 1 Gb is available in both directions for Lite Mode (edgeGEAR 2000 or Edge 200).

• Up to 500 Mb is available in both directions for High Mode (edgeGEAR 2000 only).



Services Bandwidth Total per PON

Sample Services Bandwidth Total per PON* Enter the Highest Maximum for each port.** Cut off the worksheet at 1 Gb or 500 Mb depending upon Lite or High Density Mode.

Table 21: Services Bandwidth Total per PON

PON # _________1_____________

Service QTY *Downstream Bandwidth

*Upstream Bandwidth

ONU # 1bizGEAR 200

Ethernet 12 4 Mb 4 Mb

DS1 2 6 Mb 6 Mb

POTS

OAM 1.024 28.8

ONU # 2home 4000

Ethernet 4 4 4

DS1

POTS 4 0.52 0.52

OAM 1.024 12.8

ONU # 3mduGEAR™ 224

Ethernet 24 1.54 1.54

DS1 2 6 6

POTS

OAM 1.024 12.8

ONU # 4homeGEAR Ultra

Ethernet 1 4 4

DS1

POTS 4 0.52 0.52

OAM 1.024 12.8

ONU # 5bizGEAR Ultra

Ethernet 4 4 4

DS1 2 6 6

POTS 4 0.52 0.52

OAM 1.024 12.8

Auto Ranging 0 88.368 Mb/s

Total 42.22 205.468

** Max Bandwidth 500 500

Avail Bandwidth (Max Bandwidth - Total) 457.78 294.532



SCM Modules

Chapter 7 Service Area Planning

OverviewThe first step in planning the Service Area is to associate service requirements with equipment. The guidelines and worksheets in this chapter will assist you in determining the type and number of Edge 200 chassis, edgeGEAR 2000 chassis and cards (DS3M and OLT), and ONUs you need for economic deployment in the access network.

edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis SCM Modules

The edgeGEAR 2000 chassis uses the SCM network module to provide bandwidth to the EPON network. The SCM has two SFP GBIC ports (MM or SM). Each port provides 1 Gigabit of bandwidth for guaranteed data traffic to upstream routers/switches across an 8 gigabit chassis backplane.The two SCM ports can be aggregated into a single logical gigabit port group using 802.3ad. All VoIP telephony services can be connected to the core network via standard GbE optical interfaces from the edgeGEAR 2000 chassis.

OLT ModulesThe edgeGEAR 2000 platform can handle up to 8 OLT modules. Each OLT module supports 2 PONs. The OLT PON ports are driven by a 1 Gigabit single mode Passive Optical Network Transceiver or PONTER. Each PON supports up to 32 ONUs.

DS3M ModulesAlloptic provides 4 standard channelized DS3 interfaces (BNC/Coax) to the core network for all TDM based services, including POTS and T1/E1. This standard interface may be connected or adapted to allow connections to the PSTN. The DS3 cards provide full DACS and MUX from 3.1.0.

• If TDM is supported on the chassis:• Total DS1 traffic per chassis going to DS3 ports is limited to 112 networked

T1s or 84 networked E1s.• External GR303 gateway POTS circuits are limited to 672 per DS3 port on

the DS3M module, for a total of 2,688 voice (POTS) circuits.• External V5.x Gateway POTS circuits are limited to 630 per DS3 port, for a

total of 2520 voice circuits per chassis.



DS3 Interface Characteristics

DS3 Interface CharacteristicsTable 22: DS3 Interface Characteristics

Supported Standards Features Supported on DS3

Bellcore Loopback Diagnostics

TR-TSY-000009 M23 framing mode

TR-NWT-000499 Cbit Framing mode

ANSI Publications Unframed

ANSI T1.102 - 1987 E1/T1 software selection

ANSI T1.107 & 107a - 1990 Configurable line build out

ANSI T1.404-199x B3ZS Line coding

ANSI T1.231 Clear Channel signaling

ITU Line timing options

G.703

G.704

G.706

G.747

G.775

RFC 2496



edgeGEAR 2000 Module Worksheet

edgeGEAR 2000 Module WorksheetTable 23: Module Calculation Worksheet

Service Area _____________________ C/O ___________________

Module

DS3 Yes ___________ If yes, order DS3 and BNC Modules.

No ____________

Redundancy If yes, order second DS3 Module.

SCM Redundancy

Yes __________ If yes, order two SCM Modules.

No ___________ If no, order one SCM Module.

OLT # PONs per Chassis ___________

# of cards ___________ Divide the above number by 2.

Redundancy (for Lite mode only) If above 8 PONs, redundancy is not possible. High mode must be used.

Yes ________ Multiply the number of cards by 2 to determine the number of OLT needed.

No _________ Order the number of OLT cards calculated above.



edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis Worksheet

edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis WorksheetTable 24: Chassis Calculation Worksheet

Edge 200 Chassis Network Ports

The Edge 200 uses two 10/100BaseT and two GbE ports to provide bandwidth to the EPON network. The GbE ports have SFP GBIC ports. Each port provides 1 Gigabit of bandwidth. Like speed network ports, set to full duplex, can be aggregated into a single logical port group using 802.3ad.

PON PortsThe Edge 200 platform can have two PON ports. A one Gigabit single mode passive optical network transceiver or PONTER drives each PON.

T1/E1 PortsAlloptic provides four channelized T1/E1 interfaces (RJ48) to the core network for all TDM based services, including POTS. The T1/E1 ports provide full DACS and MUX capabilities. You may connect or adapt these interfaces to allow connection to the PSTN.

Service Area ________________ C/O ____________________

Module Totals

OLT 8 per Chassis Divide Total OLT from the Module worksheet by 8 to determine the number of Chassis required.

SCM 2 per Chassis Order 1 or 2 per chassis required.

DS3 2 per Chassis Order 1 or 2 per chassis if DS3 is required on each chassis.

BNC 1 per Chassis Order 1 per chassis if DS3 are required.

Racks 4 Chassis per Rack Calculate the number of racks needed.

Total Chassis Needed:

Total Racks Needed:



DS1 Interface Characteristics

DS1 Interface CharacteristicsTable 25: DS1 Interface Characteristics

Table 26: DS1 Features Supported

Supported StandardsBellcore

TR-TSY-000009

TR-NWT-000499

GR.909

ANSI Publications

ANSI T1.102 - 1987

ANSI T1.107 & 107a - 1990

ANSI T1.404-199x

ANSI T1.231

ITU

G.703

G.704

G.706

G.747

G.775

IEEE

802.3

802.1Q

802.1P

Features Supported on DS1Loopback Diagnostics

TDM Performance Monitoring

E1/T1 software selection

Configurable line build out

T1 Framing Support: SF and ESF

E1 Framing Support: Basic, CRC, MF, CRCMF and unframed.

Line Coding: B8ZS, AMI and HDB3

Clear Channel signaling

Line timing options



Edge 200 PON Worksheet

Edge 200 PON WorksheetTable 27: Total PON Calculation

Edge 200 Chassis WorksheetTable 28: Chassis Calculation Worksheet

Service Area ________________ C/O ____________________

Module Totals

ONU 32 per PON Divide total number ONUs required by 32 to determine the total PONs required.

Total PONs Needed:

Service Area ________________ C/O ____________________

Module Totals

PON 2 per Chassis Divide by 2 the total PON required to determine the number of Chassis required.

T1/E1 4 per Chassis Divide by 4 the total number of T1/E1 lines required.

Racks 20 Chassis per Rack Calculate the number of racks needed. Follow local guidelines and codes.

Total Chassis Needed:

Total Racks Needed:



ONU Equipment Planning Worksheet

ONU Planning GuidelinesUse the following guidelines to plan the type and number of ONUs required based upon service area requirements.Step 1. Identify the Service Area.

• Fill in the worksheet header for Service Area, CO/Headend name or location, and PON ID.

Step 2. Enter the number of analog telephone lines.Step 3. Enter the number of 10/100BaseT Ethernet lines.Step 4. Enter the number of 10/100BaseFX Ethernet lines.Step 5. Enter the number of 10BaseS Ethernet lines.Step 6. Enter the number of DS1 ports required.

• Count fractions as whole DS1s.Step 7. Enter the number of CATV ports required.Step 8. Use Table 29 and Table 30 to determine the type and number of ONUs to order.

ONU Equipment Planning WorksheetTable 29: ONU Equipment Calculation Worksheet

Service Area ________________ CO/Headend ______________

PON ID

Item Unit Planning Parameters Current Growth Total

1 Analog Telephone Lines

2 10/100 BaseT Ethernet ports

3 10/100 BaseFX Ethernet ports

4 10BaseS Ethernet ports

5 DS1 Ports Required (count fractions as full T1/E1s)

6 CATV Ports Required

7 Determine type and number of ONUs required. Use the chart below for assistance.



ONU Equipment Planning Worksheet

Table 30: ONU PortsEthernet

10/100BaseTEthernet

10/100BaseFXEthernet 10BaseS DS1 POTS

bizGEAR 200 4, up to 16 more optional

up to 16 optional

0 2 0

bizGEAR Ultra 4 0 0 2 optional 4 optional

home 4000 1 or 4 0 0 0 2 or 4 optional

mduGEAR 224 24 0 0 2 0

aceGEAR 0 24 0 2 0

Xgen 7000 1 0 24 2 0

bizGEAR 200 Expansion Cards• 4 port 10/100BaseT Ethernet• 4 port 100BaseFX Ethernet (SM or MM)• 2 port T1/E1



Regulatory

Chapter 8 Network Services

RegulatoryBoth the edgeGEAR 2000 and Edge 200 chassis and the ONU family have been tested and passed the requirements of FCC Part 15 for Class A computing and communications devices. The edgeGEAR 2000 CO chassis is NEBS certified for central office/headend equipment.

Timing and SynchronizationThe Alloptic platform accepts timing distribution to all devices in the network.

Timing SourcesThree possible methods are available to provide timing on the chassis (see Figure 20).

• Building Integrated Timing Supply (BITS) clocking is preferred. • DS3 (2000) or Quad T1(200) timing is the next most desirable.• The internal, free-running clock as the least desirable. The synchronization source that

is utilized is dependent on the type of service and availability of various timing sources at the installation location.

Table 31: Timing SourcesTiming Source Description

Framed BITS Timing A T1/E1 Framed signal can be utilized as a timing source. A primary and secondary supply may be utilized and designated in the Timing Source provisioning screen.

DS3M (Derived) This selection recovers clock from a DS3 framer and is provided to the SCM as reference clocking.At least one T1/E1 must have the “Clock Enabled” option set to “Yes” in the DS3/T1 (Network) interface provisioning page.

Quad T1 This selection recovers clock from a DS1 framer and is provided to the 10/100BaseT as reference clocking.At least one T1/E1 must have the “Clock Enabled” option set to “Yes”.

Free Running Internal A free running Stratum 3 on each 10/100BaseT port is utilized as the reference clock to provide Chassis timing.



Timing Sources

Figure 20: Setting the Clock Source--edgeGEAR 2000

Figure 21: Setting the Clock Source--Edge 200



VLAN Tagging

Upstream Data Path RequirementsCertain requirements must be met for the Alloptic platform to pass data to and from the local network to the WAN or MAN. A layer 2 or layer 3 network router that is 802.1Q enabled provides an upstream link to WAN/MAN access.

VLAN TaggingThe Alloptic platform uses VLAN tagging to route all traffic in the network. The network GbE port acts a trunk forwarding all egress traffic with tags intact. All ingress traffic must have a valid VLAN tag or the network port will drop the packet or frame. An L2 or L3 device is required to handle tagging requirements prior to the traffic being routed to the next segment or WAN.

Typical equipment is an IEEE 802.1Q capable router connecting the Chassis to the WAN (Figure 22). A layer 2 switch placed between the Chassis and the router is also quite common (Figure 23).

Figure 22: Router

AllopticChassis

ONURouter w/802.1Q

capability

PVID 100

PON Gig E(trunk)

IP:192.168.0.2Subnet Mask:255.255.255.240Gateway: 192.168.0.1

WAN

IP Subnet/VLANIP:192.168.0.2-6

Subnet Mask:255.255.255.240Gateway:192.168.0.1 = VLAN 100

etc..



VLAN Tagging

Figure 23: Switch and Router

AllopticChassis

ONU

PVID 100

PON Gig E(trunk)

MAC Table00:00:00:00:00:00 = VLAN 10000:00:00:00:00:01 = VLAN 10100:00:00:00:00:02 = VLAN 10200:00:00:00:00:03 = VLAN 10300:00:00:00:00:04 = VLAN 104

etc..

Switch w/802.1Q

capability

Router

WAN



Chapter 9 Typical Deployment Scenarios

This chapter includes descriptions and diagrams of typical service applications using the Alloptic system. The applications are described separately, but they may be deployed simultaneously on the same chassis. The minimum chassis configurations are provided for each application.

International Applications

In international applications, the MDU/MTU will have a large role. The higher density of users amounts to 80-90% of all ONUs attached to the PON. This allows many more users service, and with VOIP telephony more common the TDM POTS limit does not apply. The limiting factor is 4000 data VLANs, and the guaranteed bandwidth assigned per customer. Two modifications apply. The E1 circuits do not take more guaranteed bandwidth than the T1 circuits, but the edgeGEAR 2000 DS3M ports are limited to a total of 21 E1 per DS3, or 84 E1s per chassis. TDM POTS is thus limited to 2520 POTS lines assigned.

High Rise Deployments

Figure 24: High Rises with mduGEAR™

mduGEAR

mduGEAR

Copper in the middle

Cat 5 wire to eachapartment

High Rises with mduGEAR (100 Mbps )

Fibermdu

spitter

mduGEAR

mduGEAR

Fiber

spitter 24 Port Copper



Voice Services Overview

POTS

Voice Services OverviewThe Alloptic network supports traditional Time Division Multiplex (TDM) telephony services along with newly designed IP based telephony capabilities. This allows the network operator to offer virtually all telephony services available. Subscribers gain flexibility and benefit from the fiber network, while the network provider gains the ability to optimize the network to services that are offered in a specific area. Alloptic supports telephony services using a combination of Hardware and Software at both the head-end and at the subscriber premises.

Figure 25: TDM Voice Services

BizGEAR

MDU GEAR

HomeGEAR

OLT

Telephone Telephone

PBX

Channel BankChannel Bank

T1 interfaces

POTS Lines

T1 interfaces

POTS Lines Special services

OAM&P overheadTDM Fixed Allocation

Ethernet Data

GR303Concentrator

DS3Interfaces

DS3M card

TDMCross Connect

T1



TDM Overview

TDM

TDM OverviewThe Alloptic network supports toll grade and TDM services over Gigabit Ethernet, utilizing an Alloptic patented timing distribution and channel allocation mechanism. This guarantees constant voice sampling, encoding, and transmission of DS0, DS1, and DS3 payloads. In addition the system can be configured to provide E1 payloads.

TDM Transport ApplicationsAlloptic provides a standard channelized DS# interface to the core network for all TDM based services, including POTS and T1/E1. This standard interface may be connected or adapted in many ways to allow connections to the PSTN. At the CO/head-end location, the edgeGEAR 2000 or Edge 200 chassis serves as the interface to the customer network. The edgeGEAR 2000 interface is comprised of four DS3 ports per chassis. The Edge 200 interface is comprised of four DS1 ports per chassis. At customer locations, ONUs provide DS1 or POTS interfaces. The edgeGEAR chassis acts as an electronic cross connect at the DS1 and DS0 level. No need exists for an external multiplexer or DACS. DS1 Transport provides connectivity to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) or other High Speed TDM networks.On the edgeGEAR 2000, DS1 to DS1 connections between ONUs on different PONs do not use DS3M modules for their voice path; the OLT module(s) and the SCM are used instead. With the use of an external M1-3 multiplexer or DACS (Digital Access Cross-connect Switch), any interface - DS3 to DS0 - can be transported over the Alloptic system to customer premise ONU and TDM equipment. Intra-chassis DS1-DS1 Service provides DS1 connectivity to a campus or business environment. POTS and GR303 DS1 provide a method of offering POTS capability anywhere in the Alloptic PON service area. For home 4000 applications, up to four POTS lines are available directly at the ONU. For bizGEAR applications, two DS1 ports are available that can be used with external PBX and channel bank equipment.

Subscriber InterfaceThe Alloptic Optical Network Unit (ONU) may be configured with or without the TDM capability. The additional cost of the industry standard interface circuitry may be avoided when TDM services are not required at a specific location. Including or excluding the TDM circuitry has no impact on the Ethernet or video capabilities of the ONU.



Subscriber Interface

Table 32: POTS Port Characteristics & Signaling Options

Table 33: T1/E1 Characteristics and Signaling Options

Measurement Value

Loop Length 500’ (22 AWG)

Loop Voltage 42 to 56 VDC

Signaling Options Loop/Ground Start

Ringing Voltages 40 to 72 VRMS

Ringer Equivalence Number 5/line or 10 Total

Impedance 600 or 900 Ohm

Loop Current 20 MA

Receive Gain 0 to -12dB (set in 1dB increments)

Transmit Gain -6 to +12dB (set in 1dB increments)

Encoding a-Law/ Mu-Law

Guiding Standard GR 909

Supported Standards Features Supported on T1/E1

Bellcore publication 43801 Unframed

TR5, TR194, TR54016, TR62411 SF

ANSI ESF

T1.403, T1.231-1993 B8ZS

CCITT AMI

G.703, G.704, G.706, G.747, G.824 Line Sync

Performance Measurements

Alarm Support

Configurable Line Build Out

Loop Back Controls




Headend Chassis

Alloptic supports point-to-point private network T1 services between subscriber ONUs. On the edgeGEAR 2000, Alloptic also supports point-to-point private network T1 services to a specific T1 embedded in a DS3 interface in a chassis. These private TDM services are provisioned for Clear Channel operation and cannot be groomed at the DS0 level.

Figure 26: Groomed TDM Circuit

4 DS1-1 through 28

3 DS1-1 through 28

2 DS1-1 through 28

1 DS1-1

1-DS1-4

1 DS1-28

1 DS1-31 DS1-2

1234

24

DS3 #

DS3 #1

DS3 #2

DS3 #3

DS3 #4

DS1 # DS0 # Service Port Addrress

ID"a" DS0

ID"e" DS1

ID"d" DS0ID"c" DS0ID"b" DS0

2 DS1-28

ID"f" DS1

ID"g" DS0ID"h" DS0ID"i" DS0ID"j" DS0

Service ports are assigned to DS3interfaces based on bandwidth, and the

ONU ID

PON1-1

PON2

The TDM bandwidth is automaticallyallocated for each PON when a TDM

service port is enabled at an ONU

DS1-1 is "Groomed" or filled

TDM Cross Connects (grooming)




Figure 27: edgeGEAR 2000 Private TDM Services

ChassisSCM

ONU

ONU

ONU

ONU

Private TDM servicesPoint to Point DS1 and POTS ringdown services thatoriginate in an ONU and terminate on another ONU

Private Line AutomaticRingdown

Pots lines may be configuredto support ringdown services

between ONUs

ONU

OLT xOLT

Private DS1 servicesT1/E1 services that

originate and terminateon the same PONrequire same PONBridging enabled

DS3 Links to the corenetwork

Private Foreign Exchangeservices can be configured ona T1/E1 basis. Grooming maybe provided to pack the DS1

payload efficiently

ONU

ONU

PrivateT1/E1services arepoint to point from ONU toONU. Payload grooming is

NOT provided



Point-to-Point T1/E1 Services

Figure 28: Edge 200 Private TDM Services

Point-to-Point T1/E1 ServicesThe Alloptic system can provision point-to-point private network T1 services between ONUs or between an ONU and chassis DS3 interface. In these private circuits, the critical timing functions are supported in the system, but the information is sent unframed. The system becomes a transparent pipe for the private T1 services, which the subscriber equipment will encode/decode. This capability allows the network to carry “non-native” services (frame relay, ATM, DDS, ISDN, etc.) that do not utilize the T1/E1 framing conventions.

ChassisController

ONU

ONU

ONU

ONU

Private TDM servicesPoint to Point DS1 and POTS ringdown services thatoriginate in an ONU and terminate on another ONU

Private Line AutomaticRingdown

Pots lines may be configuredto support ringdown services

between ONUs

ONU

PON PON

Private DS1 servicesT1/E1 services that

originate and terminateon the same PONrequire same PONBridging enabled

DS1 Links to thecore network

Private Foreign Exchangeservices can be configured ona T1/E1 basis. Grooming maybe provided to pack the DS1

payload efficiently

ONU

ONU

PrivateT1/E1 services arepoint to point from ONU toONU. Payload grooming is

NOT provided



Connection to the PSTN

Connection to the PSTNThe TDM interface on the Alloptic chassis provides connectivity to the PSTN. For the edgeGEAR 2000, the DS3 interface may be demuxed to standard T1 lines or connected directly to the GR303/V5.2 interface of the Class 5 switch. For the Edge 200, the T1/E1 interface connects directly to the Class 5 switch.The telephone company controls call setup, tone generation, and call disconnect using a messaging protocol. These protocols allows 4, 6, or even 8 times concentration of subscriber lines to class 5 switch. Alloptic supports these switched access protocols using standard 3rd party gateway equipment. The gateway equipment connects the fixed, or static assigned, TDM service interfaces to the dynamically allocated TDM interface that connects to the Class 5 Switch. The gateway handles all of the signaling message conversion as well.

edgeGEAR 2000 GR303 Connections

Figure 29: GR303 Connections

GR303 ConnectivityThe Alloptic Chassis interfaces to the GR303

concentrator using DS3 interfaces, each of whichcan carry a maximum of 672 telephone lines

FixedTim e slot

assignm ents

GR303T1 trunks to PSTN switch

CRV toDS0 database

(2048 m ax)

DS1#28

DS1#2

DS1#1

DS3#4

DS3# 1

DS1#1

DS1#28

DS1#2

Dynam icDS0 tim eslotassignm ents

DS1#1

DS1#8

Dynam icDS0 tim eslotassignm ents

DS1#1

DS1#8

Dynamic assignmentbased on calling action

Static setup at serviceactivation time.

SCM

DS3M

BNC

OLT

OLT

OLT

OLT

672 DS0s 28 DS1 linesEach DS3 supports

Created when asubscriber

is first addedto the system

Typically, a singlechassis has a single DS3connecting to a GR303

concentrator

Alloptic Chassis

Switching Matrix

The GR303 concentrator isslaved to the PSTN

network, and is operatedfrom the CO end via the

signaling channelembedded in the T1 trunks

PON connectionsto subscribers

GR303 Concentrator

One concentrator cansupport multipleAlloptic Chassis




edgeGEAR 2000 V5.2 Connections

Figure 30: V5.2 Connections

V5.2 ConnectivityThe Alloptic Chassis interfaces to the V5.2

concentrator using E1 interfaces, which arecarried on our DS3 interface and exposed by an

external M12 multiplexer

FixedTime slot

assignments

V5.2E1 trunks to PSTN switch

CRV toDS0 database

(2048 max)

E1#1

E1#21

E1#2

DynamicE0 timeslot

assignments

E1#1

E1#8

DynamicE0 timeslot

assignments

E1#1

E1#8

Dynamic assignmentbased on calling action

Static setup at serviceactivation time.

SCM

DS3M

BNC

OLT

OLT

OLT

OLT

Created when asubscriber

is first addedto the system

Alloptic Chassis

Switching Matrix

The V5.2 concentrator isslaved to the PSTN

network, and is operatedfrom the LE end via the

signaling channelembedded in the E1 trunks

PON connectionsto subscribers

V5.2 Concentrator One concentrator cansupport multipleAlloptic Chassis

E1interfaces

DS3interfaces

from Alloptic

M13

MUX



Prioritization and QOS

Chapter 10 QOS

Service Level AgreementsService Level Agreement (SLA) is a broad term often used to quantify the characteristics of the services a data provider delivers. Service providers, through the use of SLAs, reach a contract agreement with their customers. The agreement’s characteristics can include: guaranteed minimum bandwidth, maximum bursting rate, application prioritization and contention resolution. Often, uplifted fees may be charged for premium services, such as guaranteed delivery. Regardless of the SLA model used, it is imperative that the network equipment support the entire delivery matrix and provide accountability.

VLAN PrioritizationAlloptic uses two methods of prioritization. The first is prioritization between VLANs, wherein different VLANs can have differing priorities, and the system reacts accordingly. This feature is known as “Priority Between Users”. Alternatively, prioritization may be invoked between client applications within the same VLAN. This is known as “Priority Within Users”. The operator has the ability to select one of these features as each ONU is added to the network or change the setting later if the SLA is changed.

Prioritization and QOSThe Ethernet Standard allows for TOS/DSCP (Type of Service/DiffServ CodePoint). Numerous devices can insert TOS tags into the Ethernet frame. A common example is Integrated Access Devices (IADs) used for VoIP services. IADs allow the service provider to predetermine a TOS value that will always be associated with latency sensitive voice services, then have this value inserted into frames originating from the IAD. When transiting the Alloptic Network, it reads these frames and acts appropriately. A properly designed system that employs TOS criteria can reduce excessive latency.



Priority Between Users

Priority Between UsersThe VLAN Prioritization Feature is implemented via the GigaVu user interface as an option when the ONU is placed on the PON. When adding an ONU, the operator will choose between Priority Between Users (VLAN Prioritization) and Priority Within User. They cannot exist concurrently. The default is Priority Within User. VLANs are assigned to one of four levels of priority (1 = lowest to 4 = highest). The default priority is 1 (lowest). Guaranteed traffic is never subjected to prioritization algorithms that invoke packet discards.When congestion occurs on a port and traffic levels are between the guaranteed and maximum limits, the priority levels are used to distribute the available bandwidth. A fair weighted distribution algorithm will provide the highest priority VLANs with most, but not all of the available bandwidth. Only the bandwidth above the committed or guaranteed level is prioritized.

Priority Between Users ExampleFor example, if an ONU has three VLANs (users) at different priorities, and each is set for 20 Mbps minimum and 100 Mbps maximum, the upstream PON bandwidth allocated to the ONU will be 100 Mbps, to allow for the 100 Mbps max. If all users are sending 100 Mbps of traffic into the ONU, each user will get their 20 Mbps of guaranteed throughput, 60 Mbps total. The remaining 40 Mbps of available bandwidth will be distributed between the users based on their set priorities.

Priority Within UsersIf the system operator elects to implement traffic priorities within a subscriber’s VLAN, he will enable the Priority Within User feature. Priorities are then based on the value of the IP header’s TOS/DSCP bits. Four levels of priorities are supported in the bizGEAR™ 200 and bizGEAR™ ULTRA. Two levels are supported in the mduGEAR™ 224, aceGEAR and Xgen 7000. The home 4000 does not support this feature. Each of the products that support this feature include a “default” level, which is not configurable. This is the lowest priority. Specifying the TOS/DSCP number range for each of the priority levels provisions them. Only one range of values can be specified for each assignable priority level.



VLAN Trunking Implementation

Chapter 11 VLAN Considerations

VLAN TrunkingVLAN trunking (or 802.1Q Trunking) is the ability to trunk VLAN tagged packets at an ONU’s Fast Ethernet ports. In a switched Ethernet network, some LAN segments carry VLAN tagged packets while others don’t. Typically trunk ports and some server ports may be configured for tagged traffic. Ports that are connected to standard end-stations, such as PCs and workstations, do not carry tagged traffic. In a typical implementation, tagged and untagged traffic are not mixed on the same LAN segment.In the normal mode of operation, a single subscriber VLAN is terminated at an ONU’s Fast Ethernet port. The VLAN trunking option not only allows VLAN tagged packets to traverse an ONU’s Fast Ethernet port, it allows more than one VLAN to be assigned to that port.

VLAN Trunking ImplementationAlloptic uses VLANs to differentiate individual subscribers. VLAN IDS are used to classify packets for bandwidth control and traffic prioritization. VLANs also ensure that individual subscriber’s traffic will never be sent to another subscriber’s port. The Network Administrator must coordinate VLAN usage and ID assignment with external equipment.

VLAN Trunking CharacteristicsVLAN Trunking supports a maximum of 48 VLANs per ONU. No restriction exists for how they are distributed among the ONU’s Fast Ethernet ports. VLANs are configured on a per ONU port basis. Some ports can be configured to terminate the VLANs, while others can be set for trunking as long as the 48 VLAN limit is observed.VLAN trunking is supported only on ONUs configured for Priority Between Users. The priority bits of the VLAN tag are trunked but not acted upon. Un-tagged packets sent to an ONU in VLAN trunking mode are dropped. The sum of all the VLANs’ configured maximum downstream bandwidth on a given Fast Ethernet port cannot exceed the port speed (i.e., 100mbps).

VLAN SecurityVLANs are used to distinguish subscriber traffic from each other. VLANs 0 to 63 are reserved for internal use and cannot be assigned to external equipment. If a piece of user equipment connected to an ONU port sends incorrectly tagged packets into the ONU, the packets are dropped.



VLAN Trunking Issues and Limitations

VLAN Trunking Issues and LimitationsAll Rate Limiting is performed at the ONU. The amount of traffic entering the network port can exceed the maximum physical port speed of 100 Mbps, due to the multiple VLANs. When the ONU sees this traffic, it will apply the proper rate limits prior to transmitting out of the Ethernet port. If the incoming traffic levels exceed the port speed, the ONU will randomly drop packets.

VLAN RequirementsThe Alloptic platform requires every data user to be assigned a unique VLAN ID (VID). The ID is created during the User Configuration process. The system requires the use of VLANs 0-63 for internal functions. The first available VID begins at 64 and continues through 4,093. The System will allow you to create your own VID scheme, or if no VID is entered, it will assign the next available one. All data is routed internally using VLAN IDs. The GIG Ethernet network port acts as a trunk port. It passes all tagged traffic to the next network segment and requires that all inbound traffic have a valid VLAN ID. If no valid VID is assigned on incoming traffic, the network port will discard the frame.



Chapter 12 Integration Considerations

Spanning TreeOne approach often utilized in network design is Spanning Tree Protocol.Spanning Tree Protocol is often used to guard against loops in Layer 2 inter-network bridges. However, Spanning Tree Protocol prevents the incremental addition of bandwidth. Spanning Tree only permits a single physical link to be active between any two stations; it automatically puts any additional link(s) into blocking mode.

Link AggregationLink Aggregation provides a standards-based mechanism, 802.1ad, to combine multiple physical network links into a single logical link for increased reliability and throughput. Link Aggregation increases the availability as well as flexibility of the communications channel between the chassis and the backbone Internet infrastructure using existing Gigabit Ethernet interfaces.Additionally, Link Aggregation provides a valuable load balancing function where processing and communications activity is distributed across several links in a trunk group so that no single link is overwhelmed at a given point in time. Each vendor has latitude within the Link Aggregation standards to reasonably implement its own specific variant of load balancing. The inter-working of multi-vendor product lines may often necessitate additional planning, as traffic-management interactions are made known.Through aggregating multiple Ethernet connections into a unified, aggregated link, the following practical benefits can be gained in many applications:

• Higher Link Availability• Increased Trunk Group Capacity• Lowers the risk of duplication or frames arriving at destination out of sequence

NOTE: Alloptic supports baseline functionality of the IEEE 802.3ad specification, but does not support the marker responder described in section 43.2.6 of the 802.3ad standards.



Link Aggregation Technical Considerations

Link Aggregation Technical ConsiderationsLink Aggregation groups several physical ports into a single logical port. Implementation of Link Aggregation within the EPON system is based upon the 802.3ad standard. Specifically, Alloptic’s implementation does not include support for the optional LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) Marker packet. Full participation in LACP is a non-mandatory feature according to the standard.Only ports controlled by an individual module can be grouped together for Link Aggregation. The 10/100BaseT and GbE network ports can be grouped together into a Link Aggregation group. The initial port number assigned to a Link Aggregation group is the anchor port for the group. Auto-negotiation is not allowed within a Link Aggregation group that includes multiple ports. However, a standalone port can be configured for auto-negotiation.

Implementing Link AggregationIf you are planning to implement Link Aggregation in a deployment using the Gigabit Ethernet network interface ports, please be aware of the following interactions.

Configuration of Link Aggregation is not allowed if you have initially assigned users to both network interface ports. Specifically, if you have configured users on network ports 1 and 2 and wish to enable Link Aggregation using both ports, you must schedule a maintenance window to first disable all users on Port 2. Then you can then enable Link Aggregation for the network ports. After you have completed enabling it, you may then re-enable the users that were previously disabled. The users will automatically become part of the Link Aggregation Group you have just created.For further information on how to implement Link Aggregation, please see the edgeGEAR™ 2000 or Edge 200 Turnup and Verification Manual.

Figure 31: SCM Link Aggregation

T R T R

N etworkInterfaceG igabitE thernetPorts(1000LX)

L ink Aggregation G roup Edge AggregationD evice

Port 1

NetworkInterface

Port 2



Designated Services

Chapter 13 Advanced Services

Advanced Services Considerations Designated Services

Designated Services creates a open flat VLAN that many ONUs, or a network port, can connect to. This resource allows enhanced bandwidth management and prioritization for specified VLANs. It provides the ability to prioritize Designated Services above data traffic. This ensures that when processing the streams, Designated Services are configured at a higher priority than standard data traffic thus ensuring they get through uncorrupted.This allows unrestricted communication between data ports. Designated Services are particularly useful for Voice over IP (VoIP) and community LANs. All ONUs support Designated Service capabilities. The ONUs allow at least two designated VLANs to be assigned to a physical Ethernet port while still allowing the standard data VLAN capabilities on that port.

ESAFBuilt on top of Designated Services, ESAF (Ethernet Service Application Facility) is a set of features that make it easy to implement DHCP data services through Alloptic’s system, capturing DHCP requests and intelligent ARP forwarding.ESAF was designed to allow the Alloptic system to be configured for bulk data service transport without using VLANs for each specific user. Untagged packets are received on the network or PON port and are given a VLAN tag for internal routing purposes. They are transported using MAC forwarding, and the packet tag is stripped before being routed out of the destination port. Layering ESAF on Designated Services, creates a secure and efficient network. Upstream packets are not usually broadcast to any other ONUs, only to the upstream facilities. This feature works in conjunction with DHCP to insure proper packet routing setup through the system. In addition, the ESAF facility utilizes the Designated Service facilities; this allows total bandwidth to be managed for the whole system. The standard VLAN per user capabilities are still supported.

Figure 32: VLAN Per Service (ESAF)

Company/ home a

Company c

Company b

Internet

(untagged packets)

Internet “A”

Company/ home e

Company/ home d



ESAF



IP Video Configuration Example

Chapter 14 IP Video Considerations

IP Video ServicesThe Alloptic chassis uses IP multicast techniques to distribute video content over the Alloptic network. Each ONU is capable of delivering video services to the Ethernet port. The Alloptic IP delivery video system provides customers with broadcast and Video-on-Demand (VOD) channels.The edgeGEAR™ 2000 chassis uses IGMP Snooping and Proxy techniques between the switch/router and chassis network port, and the ONU and Set-Top Box. The network port routes the IP Multicasts it receives to their respective ONUs over the associated PONs and then routes the join/leave requests back to the Switch/Router. Figure 33 shows an IP Video distribution network.

IP Video Configuration ExampleAlloptic ONUs support IP Video and data combined on one 10/100 Ethernet port. If desired, the IP Video and data can be supported on separate ports. An expected service model includes data and video on a single port. In this case, configure two VLANs per ONU, one for data and one for video. The data VLAN can be provisioned with any bandwidth parameters the service provider desires. The video VLAN is provisioned for guaranteed bandwidth in both the downstream and upstream directions.

Figure 33: IP Video Distribution Architecture

Set-top Box

Video Server

IP Video Headend

VideoMiddleware

Switch/Router

BroadcastVideo Content

IP Video Encoder

homeGEAR4000

Customer Premises

TV

Internet

Set-top Box

ISP

GigE

Switch/Router

Central Office

GigaVu

edgeGEAR2000

PON

IP Multicast Routing:Multicast Groups = Channels

IGMP

VLANs

10/100 BT



IP Video VLAN Support

IP Video VLAN SupportMajor components that support IP video include the video VLAN, IGMP Snooping, and IGMP Proxy. The first component of IP Video support adds the ability to create a common and shared "video" VLAN. This removes any subscriber limitation, and the system becomes "channel" limited. The system can support up to 400 channels regardless of the number of subscribers, because at most, only one copy of each video stream channel is sent through the system. However, this will still max out the 2 gigabits of input capacity and leave no extra bandwidth for IP data traffic.

IGMP Snooping SupportThe video VLAN makes very efficient use of the PONs downstream bandwidth due to the broadcast nature of this topology. This means that without some form of snooping, all multicast video streams entering the system will be sent down all PONs to all video ports on the ONUs. Only 20 channels (using a 5 mbps per channel example) will saturate the ONU's 100 mbps Ethernet port. It therefore becomes necessary to snoop out the undesired video multicast streams from the system's downstream ports. Downstream ports exist wherever we have internal switching logic, which in the current system is at the chassis network port and the ONU.IGMP Snooping requires the software to dynamically change the switching logic's Ethernet multicast address forwarding table. The switching logic will only forward multicast packets to ports which have been designated in the address table. If no ports are specified, then packets are dropped. With this capability, multicast streams are only sent to ports for which there are group members. IGMP Snooping, is the final component of the system's IP video support, which many advanced Ethernet switches support. As the name implies, IGMP Snooping is the action of intercepting (snooping) IGMP protocol packets at the network port and the ONU.

IGMP Snooping ExampleAs a simple example, if there are 30 ONUs on a given PON, each with one video port and one set-top box, and all are watching a different channel, 30 multicast streams totaling 150 Mbps (at 5 Mb per stream) will be sent down the PON and received by each ONU. The switching logic in the ONU will then forward only the one multicast stream that the STB has requested out of the 100 Mbps Ethernet video port.



IGMP Proxy Support

IGMP Proxy SupportIGMP is an advanced messaging implementation wherein the STBs and routers do not communicate directly between themselves. The intermediary access network devices “proxy” the IGMP commands on behalf of the attached devices. Specifically, the Alloptic platform “intercepts” the broadcast requests from the content source then updates and returns them directly to the router. IGMP Proxy optimizes multicast traffic flow through a PON by achieving:

• More efficient bandwidth utilization.• Minimum IGMP traffic load.• Lower processing requirements at the central module (network port).

Video On DemandVideo On Demand, VOD, is the technology that allows you to choose a stored video from a menu on your television and watch it. VOD also lets you control the video, e.g. Fast-forward, Rewind and Pause. It is classified under IP video because the video is still transported via TCP/IP and is part of the overall broadcast IP video solution. It differs from broadcast IP video in that broadcast IP video is normally distributed via multicast, and VOD is unicast. This means that a VOD stream is sent directly to the Set Top Box (STB) that requests it. In planning a total IP video solution, you will also have to take this into account.

HDTV over IP VideoHDT Video over IP will require the same video headend equipment changes as does the RF video headend. The IP video set top boxes will also change. The recommended configuration for the North American Market is to limit the PON to 32 FTTH single family ONUs and the MDU application to 96 total homes/apartments per PON. This is done because the bandwidth of HDTV over IP is expected to be 3 (15M bps) times the bandwidth needed for current TV IP Video Channels. There are other product directions which may come into play that will influence the high bandwidth demand. Better compression techniques may reduce the HDTV content to less than the current 15M average HDTV channels. The second may be faster cache with larger disks at set top boxes to send the complete Video at 100M speed for short durations to store the video locally. This may remove the VOD/PVCR bandwidth demand, which becomes larger than the broadcast video bandwidth as the total home on a PON increases.Thus, for planning purposes the current recommendation is that 32 SFU per PON and 96 MDU homes per PON be used as the configuration maximum for HDTV Over IP planned configurations in the US.



HDTV over IP Video



Chapter 15 Voice over IP Considerations

VoIP ServicesAlloptic networks consist of very high speed Ethernet PONS with intelligent ONUs providing differentiated services to subscribers. This technology allows us to offer a nearly unlimited set of Ethernet based services, as well as TDM telephony and RF based Video distribution. Voice over IP (VoIP) provides high quality telephone services using the basic Ethernet network mechanism, rather than the more traditional TDM designs. Alloptic networks are compatible with VoIP technologies and can offer both traditional TDM and VoIP services on the same network simultaneously. This gives network owners complete flexibility when selecting which providers to carry to their subscribers.VoIP services are carried across the Alloptic network using standard data handling mechanisms. VoIP calls are processed within a VoIP Gateway device, which manages call setup, tear down, packet addressing, and special services (call waiting, etc.). The Gateway communicates across the Ethernet network to an intelligent media converter located on the subscriber premise using MGCP (media gateway control protocol). This protocol carries state information such as off hook, flash, ringing, etc. between the gateway and subscriber equipment in specific data packets. The Alloptic network does not intercept or modify the control of voice packets in any way and thus behaves simply as a packet transport network.

Figure 34: VoIP Overview

Eth

erne

t

bizGEAR

mduGEAR

Home 4000

OLT/PON

IP Telephone

DS3M/DS1

TDM CrossConnect

Ethernetinterfaces

OAM&P overheadTDM Fixed Allocation

Ethernet Data

VoIP Voice Services

VoIP services usethe VLAN

mechanism anddraws from the

general bandwidthpool on the GbEPON

VoIP services doNOT impact OAMP

or TDM services

Network PortsRouter

MediaConverter

withMGCP

computerStandard

POTSLines

Mediaconverter

withMGCP

Telephone

Telephone

Telephone

Telephone

24xEthernet ports

VoIP Gateway Server

GbEInterfaces

79Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0Copyright © 2002-2005, Alloptic, All rights reserved.

VoIP Methodology

VoIP MethodologyThe most common method for provisioning VoIP is layer 3 terminating at the ONU, with VoIP protocols, static IP Addresses, etc. This method is expensive and limits movement to new homes and businesses due to the ONU hardware associated to the IP Addresses. DS3/DS1 to the softswitch, however, allows us to prioritize VoIP, support VoIP test procedures the same as TDM test procedures (i.e. loopback to the DS3/DS1, Dial Tone, etc.) and enable the softswitch to manage the IP Addresses. We can also migrate TDM Voice ports to VoIP through software provisioning.

Figure 35: VoIP Methodology - edgeGEAR™ 2000

edgeGEAR 2000Chassis

ONU

Data POTS

Softswitch(Class 5)

DS3 VOIP

IAD

PC

GR303Gateway

GR303

Three Delivery Methods

POTS/VOIP

Softswitch

VoIP Phone

80 Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0Copyright © 2002-2005, Alloptic, All rights reserved.

Configuring VoIP Services

Figure 36: VOIP Methodology - Edge 200

Configuring VoIP ServicesWhen configuring VoIP service on an Alloptic network, the following items should be kept in mind:1. Each ONU physical port can be assigned a unique VLAN, which provides high

security, flexible traffic rate and priority features. Where possible, the VoIP services/Media converter should be assigned their own physical Ethernet port and VLAN.

2. If the ONU Ethernet port is used for home data and VoIP services, then the minimum throughput must be set greater than the Max VoIP rate, and the Max throughput must be set at the service rate plus the VoIP rate.

3. If voice breakup or distortion problems are encountered, it might be an indication that there is a bandwidth bottleneck somewhere between the VoIP gateway switch and the media converter, and packets are being dropped due to congestion. One way around this issue is to activate TOS/DSCP on the network. Then set the VoIP stream to a higher priority than other data services using the TOS bit setting on the Media Gateway or in the VLAN configuration for the ONU port.

Edge 200Chassis

ONU

Data POTS

Softswitch(Class 5)

DS1 VOIP

IAD

PC

Three Delivery Methods

POTS/VOIP

Softswitch

VoIP Phone

81Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0Copyright © 2002-2005, Alloptic, All rights reserved.

VoIP Standards

VoIP Services ExampleExample: Two VoIP phones and a Business rate DSL service share the same port on a home 4000. Bandwidth requirements for the two services are:

• VoIP = 200Kbps, BDSL = 1.5MBps (symmetrical), 500kbps guaranteed.• Set both up and downstream on the VLAN for the following:• 700Kbps minimum, and the Maximum bandwidth at 1.7Mbps

VoIP StandardsTable 34: Guiding Standards for VoIP

Protocol Name Spec Type

H.323 Packet-Based Multimedia Communications Systems ITU standard

H.225 Call Signaling protocol and media stream packetization for packet-based multimedia communications systems ITU standard

H.245 Control Protocol for multimedia communications ITU standard

H.248 Gateway control protocol ITU standard

H.261 Video codec for audiovisual services at p x 64 kbps ITU standard

H.263 Video coding for low bit rate communication ITU standard

MGCP/SGCP Media gateway control protocol IETF - RFC 2705

Megaco Media Gateway Control IETF - RFC 3015

SDP Session Description Protocol IETF - RFC 2327

SIP Session Initiation Protocol IETF - RFC 2543

RTP Real Time Protocol IETF - RFC 1889

RTCP Real Time Control Protocol IETF - RFC 1889

RSTP Real Time Streaming Protocol IETF - RFC 2326

RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol IETF - RFC 2205

82 Alloptic Planning and Engineering Guide, Version 5.0Copyright © 2002-2005, Alloptic, All rights reserved.

Chapter 16 RF Video Considerations

RF Video Services

The following application describes a method for distributing RF broadcast video in the Alloptic PON service area.The Edge 200 may be equipped with two optional video ports. The OLT module in the edgeGEAR™ 2000 chassis may be equipped with two optional WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) ports. These ports are used to transport RF Video on the PON. The WDM signal rides the chassis PON with the downstream traffic. An ONU must be equipped with a WDM port and a Video-Demodulator to deliver the RF signal to customer equipment. No special provisioning of the ONU is required. A transmitter and EDFA amplifier are required at the chassis for each PON serving area. At the home, the receiver can be either a stand-alone device or used in conjunction with an ONU. RF video service can be remotely powered off/on by commands sent to the ONU, ensuring payment for service without truck rolls. The signal is transported over the same fiber PON as the data and TDM traffic using a 3rd lambda. The signal is converted back to RF using an Alloptic Optical Receiver at the premise where it connects to the house wiring. The Optical Receiver can support a frequency range of 50 to 870 Mhz. The Optical carrier can be in the range of 1525 to 1565nm.



Planning for HDTV

Figure 37: RF Video Transport Application

Planning for HDTVHDTV for the RF video application does not require any changes in the FTTH Gigabit Ethernet PON. The channel lineup will need to change at the video Headend, and the set top boxes for the HDTVs will be different, but the Alloptic equipment will not need to change.

ESD ACO LAMPALARMS / STATUS POWER FAN FUSESMAJORCRIT / OK FAN AMINOR 48V AFAN B 48V B FAN A FAN B

AVOID E XPOSURELASER L IGHT IS E MITT ED

FROM THESE APERTURE S

DWDM /VIDEO

DWDM /VIDEO

DJ

IAN

0BA

A

PON2

PON1


AVOID E XPOSURELASER L IGHT IS E MITT ED

OLTD001

MAJ AL

ONLINE

STD BY

MIN AL

DJI

AN

0BA

A

AVOID EXPOSUREL ASE R LIGHT IS EMIT TE D

2

1


1GE

STD BY

ONLINE

SCMA001

MAJ AL

MIN AL

DIAGNOSTICS

2

1

1 OLT 1 SCM

Splitter

ConventionalRF Television

Optical receiver

Base bandA

n alog

Satalite Dish

LNB PowerSupply / Amp

OpticalTransmitter

EDFA

950-2150 Mhz

50-870 Mhz

Broadband Antenna

AMP

CATV

PON

1550 Rx Light

Modulators



Redundant OLT Hardware Illustration

Chapter 17 Planning for Redundancy

edgeGEAR™ 2000 Redundancy ConfigurationsThe edgeGEAR™ 2000 may be configured as a fully redundant optical network. This is implemented through paired modules that can be configured to operate in a protected or standalone mode. • With paired OLTs and redundant PON paths, the system has fiber and splitter

redundancy. • The system can also be configured with redundant SCM cards, which provide system

and uplink redundancy for outgoing IP traffic.The following sections focus on redundancy outside of the edgeGEAR™ 2000 chassis, covering diverse fiber paths, splitters and ONUs.

Redundant OLT Hardware IllustrationThis configuration provides redundant OLT cards and diverse fiber paths to the splitter. It protects against an OLT card failure in the chassis.

Figure 38: Redundant OLT Network Illustration

Note: The Edge 200 does not provide for OLT or SCM hardware redundancy.

L2 Switch

Fiber 1Slot 1

Fiber 2Slot 2

Fiber 3

Diverse FiberRoute

2x32 splitter

Gig EthernetUplinks

Internet

L2/3 Switch

DJIA

N0B

AA

AVOID EXPOSURELASER LIGHT IS

EMITTED

2

1

FROM THESEAPERTURES

1GE

STD BY

ONLINE

SCMA001

MAJAL

MINAL

DIAGNOSTICS

2

1


EMITTEDFROM THES EAPERTURES

DWDM /VIDEO

DWDM /VIDEO

DJIA

N0B

AA

PON2

PON1

FROM THES EAPERTURES


EMITTED

OLTD001

MAJAL

ONLINE

STD BY

MINAL


EMITTEDFROM THESEAPERTURES

DWDM /VIDEO

DWDM /VIDEO

DJIA

N0BA

A

PON2

PON1

FROM THESEAPERTURES


EMITTED

OLTD001

MAJAL

ONLINE

STD BY

MINAL

ESD ACO LAMPALARMS / STATUS POWER FAN FUSES

MAJORCRIT / OK FAN AMINOR 48V AFAN B 48V B FAN A FAN BONU 1VLAN 125

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOSTIC XCVR1

PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1



1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 1

SLOT 4

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 3

POWERALARM

DJIA

N0BA

A


EMITTED

2

1

FROM THES EAPERTURES

1GE

STD BY

ONLINE

SCMA001

MAJAL

MINAL

DIAGNOSTICS

2

1



Redundant OLT Card Features

Redundant OLT Card FeaturesFeatures of OLT Redundancy are:

• Redundant OLT cards• Diverse fiber routes from edgeGEAR™ 2000 to splitter

In the illustration shown above, one OLT card is active and one is in stand-by mode. In the event that the active card fails, the stand-by card becomes active, and data continues to pass. The active card remains that way until it either fails or is reset, either physically or manually through GigaVu™.

OLT Card Redundancy ConfigurationTo configure OLTs to operate in Protected mode, install the redundant OLT in the slot directly to the right of the primary. The OLT are paired as follows:

Slot 1 (primary) & slot 2 (redundant)Slot 3 (primary) & slot 4 (redundant)Slot 5 (primary) & slot 6 (redundant)Slot 7 (primary) & slot 8 (redundant)

With protected OLTs installed, cabling is set up to allow either OLT to access the PON. The system does not currently provide redundancy for RF video or WDM services. It will only provide redundancy for data and voice services or those services that are riding over the Ethernet PON.

NOTE: This does not apply to OLT modules in adjacent even-odd numbered slots. The Alloptic system enforces OLT module protection with the protection OLT modules always configured in even numbered slots protecting OLT modules in odd-numbered slots.



OLT Card Redundancy Configuration

Figure 39: OLT Redundancy

Chassis to ONU Redundancy FeaturesFeatures of Complete Redundancy are:

• Diverse fiber routes from the chassis to the ONUs• Redundant ONUs and splitters• Both PONs and ONUs are active

In the following illustration, both paths are active. The switch connected to the ONUs uses Layer 3 routing protocols (RIP OSPF or BGP4) to control which path is in use. With Layer 3 routing, the routing protocol detects which link to forward traffic on based on the configuration within each protocol. The switchover time is also dependent on the routing protocol configuration, typically 30 seconds or less. The fail-over happens outside of any chassis configuration settings.


Secondary Path

SCM

Ethernet

Hub

OLTs

Slot 1 Slot 2

Primary Path

To ONUs

WDM

PON

2xNsplitter

OLTC002 OLTC002

PON 1 PON 1

PON 2 PON 2

WDM/VIDEO WDM/VIDEO

WDM/VIDEO WDM/VIDEO



OLT Card Redundancy Configuration

Figure 40: Complete Redundancy

L2 Switch

ONU 1VLAN 125

ONU 2VLAN 125

Fiber 1Slot 1

Fiber 2Slot 2

Fiber 3

Fiber 4

Diverse FiberRoutes

1x32 splitter

1x32 splitter

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOSTIC XCVR1

PON M AC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1

P OW ERXCV R 1XC VR 21 2 3 4

10/10 0 ETHER NETSLOT 2

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 1

SLOT 4

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 3

POWERALARM

DS1 10/100 ETHERNET

1 2 1 2 3 4

DIAGNOSTIC XCVR1

PONM AC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4

1 2

T1/E1

P OW ERXC VR 1XC VR 21 2 3 4

10/100 ETHER N ETSLOT 2

1 2 3 4 5 6P OR T

SLOT 1

SLOT 4

1 2 3 4 5 6PORT

SLOT 3

POWERALARM

10/100 1-4 8-4 8

10/100 21GE 1

1GE 2

MGMTD IA G

B ITS

P OW E RP OW E RP OW E ROUT PUT

1 2

A LA R M

2INPU T

1SE C

RT N RT NPRI

48 V D C 1.5AC OM

P ON 2 V ID E O 2P ON 1 V ID E O 1

LINKLINK10/10010/1001 2 1

1G E2

1G E

21 3 4

T1/E 1

MAJORMINOR

IN P U T IN P U T

R

R

Edge 200 Chassis

Gig EthernetUplinks

Internet

L2/3 Switch



Interface Diagnostic Tests

Chapter 18 Maintenance

Testing TDM ServicesWhenever a fiber transport system is used in place of a traditional copper based access network, the traditional methods for testing or managing a subscriber line are disrupted. Alloptic has provided a comprehensive set of tools and diagnostics that allow the network operator to test and manage the subscriber ports from a central location. Alloptic has designed these features to minimize onsite diagnostic requirements, and to allow quick, easy problem isolation and circuit turn up while minimizing technical dispatches.

Interface Diagnostic TestsTable 35: POTS and T1/E1 Interface Testing Diagnostics

Interface Test Description Purpose

POTS Digital Loopback This state loops the received digital signal to the transmit path.

Used to support digital testing to the subscriber line.

POTS Analog Loopback This state places a loopback on the analog side of a line codec.

Used to support analog tests from the PSTN to a subscriber line.

POTS Dial Tone Verification

This test simulates a station off-hook condition and verifies if dial tone is received.

Used to confirm that the connection from the Class 5 Switch is intact and to finalize the installation process.

POTS TDM Channel Test

This test inserts a bit pattern into a POTS cross connect, loops it back at the ONU interface, and confirms that the pattern is unchanged when it is received in the chassis.

Used as part of the installation process to confirm digital connectivity through the Alloptic network.

POTS Forced On/Off Hook State

Allows the maintenance person to simulate station on hook or off hook condition.

Used to assist in circuit validation.

POTS Tone Source Places a 1004 Hz test tone to the local loop.

Used to assist in localizing subscriber loop problems.

T1/E1 Payload Loopback

Loops the individual channels received on the ONU interface back to the CPE framing the ONU interface.

Used to verify individual channel integrity up to the Alloptic network ONU.

T1/E1 Line LoopbackLoops the signal received on the ONU interface back to the CPE without processing the frame.

Used to test the CPE connectivity up to the Alloptic network ONU.

T1/E1 Local Loopback Loops the DS1 interface back to the Headend.

Used to accommodate remote T1 testing through the Alloptic network.



ONU DS1 Loopback Selections

ONU DS1 Loopback Selections

Figure 41: ONU DS1 Loopback Selections

T1/E1 Line Connection Test

Inserts a bit pattern to the whole T1 payload, loops the payload back at the ONU Interface, and confirms that the bit pattern is unchanged.

Used for testing a T1 line from the headend location to confirm that the transport through the Alloptic network is working correctly.

T1/E1 DS0 Channel Test

Inserts a bit pattern to individual DS0 channels, loops them back to the head-end and confirms that the same pattern is received. This is the same as the POTS TDM Channel Test.

Used to troubleshoot individual channel connectivity through the Alloptic network.

Interface Test Description Purpose

No Loop

Payload Loop

Line Loop

Local Loop

CXE FRAMER

ONU

DS1

PORT RX

TX

CUSTOMEREQUIPMENT

CXE FRAMER

ONU

DS1

PORT RX

TX

CUSTOMEREQUIPMENT

FPGAFRAMERRX

TX

DS3 Module

NETWORKEQUIPMENT

M1-3 Mux DS3

PORT

CXE FRAMER

ONU

DS1

PORT RX

TX

CUSTOMEREQUIPMENT

FPGARX

TXFRAMER

DS3 Module

NETWORKEQUIPMENT

M1-3 Mux DS3

PORT

CXE FRAMER

ONU

DS1

PORT RX

TX

CUSTOMEREQUIPMENT

FPGATX

FRAMERRX

DS3 Module

NETWORKEQUIPMENT

M1-3 Mux DS3

PORT

FPGAFRAMERRX

TX

DS3 Module

NETWORKEQUIPMENT

M1-3 Mux DS3

PORT



DS1 Loopback Selections


Figure 42: DS1 Loopback Selections

No Loop

Payload Loop

Line Loop

Local Loop

GigaVu Loopback Selections

CXE FRAMER

ONU

DS1

PORT RX

TX

CUSTOMEREQUIPMENT

RX

TX

RX

TX

RX

TX

DS3 Module

NETWORKEQUIPMENT

M1-3 Mux

DS3PORT

FPGADS3

FRAMERT1/E1

FRAMER

CXE FRAMER

ONU

DS1

PORT RX

TX

CUSTOMEREQUIPMENT

RX

TX

RX

TX

RX

TX

DS3 Module

NETWORKEQUIPMENT

M1-3 Mux

DS3PORT

FPGADS3

FRAMERT1/E1

FRAMER

CXE FRAMER

ONU

DS1

PORT RX

TX

CUSTOMEREQUIPMENT

RX

TX

RX

TX

RX

TX

DS3 Module

NETWORKEQUIPMENT

M1-3 Mux

DS3PORT

FPGADS3

FRAMERT1/E1

FRAMER

CXE FRAMER

ONU

DS1

PORT RX

TX

CUSTOMEREQUIPMENT

RX

TX

RX

TX

RX

TX

DS3 Module

NETWORKEQUIPMENT

M1-3 Mux

DS3PORT

FPGADS3

FRAMERT1/E1

FRAMER





Figure 43: DS3 Loopback Selections

No Loop

Payload Loop

Line Loop

Local Loop

CXE FRAMER

ONU

DS1

PORT RX

TX

CUSTOMEREQUIPMENT

CXE FRAMER

ONU

DS1

PORT RX

TX

CUSTOMEREQUIPMENT

FPGARX

TXFRAMER

DS3 Module

NETWORKEQUIPMENT

M1-3 Mux DS3

PORT

CXE FRAMER

ONU

DS1

PORT RX

TX

CUSTOMEREQUIPMENT

FPGARX

FRAMERTX

DS3 Module

NETWORKEQUIPMENT

M1-3 Mux DS3

PORT

CXE FRAMER

ONU

DS1

PORT RX

TX

CUSTOMEREQUIPMENT

FPGARX

FRAMERTX

DS3 Module

NETWORKEQUIPMENT

M1-3 Mux DS3

PORT

FPGATX

FRAMERRX

DS3 Module

NETWORKEQUIPMENT

M1-3 Mux DS3

PORT



DS0 Channel Test

DS0 Channel Test

Figure 44: DS0 Channel Test

1101

1101 DS0 CrossConnect

Test Pattern

Test Patterncomparison

DS3/DS1 to PSTN AD

POTS InterfaceHome ONU

Line 1

Line4

Line3

Line 2

D

T1 InterfaceBusiness ONU

DS0 1

DS0 3DS0 2

DS0 24

DS0 CrossConnect

Test Pattern

Test Patterncomparison

DS3/DS1 to PSTN AD

POTS InterfaceHome ONU

Line 1

Line4

Line3

Line 2

D

T1 InterfaceBusiness ONU

DS0 1

DS0 3DS0 2

DS0 241101

1101

Test active

Normal (No Test)



DS0 Channel Test

Figure 45: DS1 Interface Status Screen

Performance StatisticsThe Alloptic system keeps performance statistics for each T1 service/interface that is enabled in the system. Ninety-six 15-minute performance periods are kept in the chassis for each active T1/E1 interface. An operator or management system can retrieve these readings and process these readings into reports or use them for fault analysis.Table 36: Performance Measurements for T1/E1

Measurement Abbreviation

Errored Seconds ES

Severely Errored Seconds SES

Severely Errored Framing Seconds SEFS

Unavailable Seconds UAS

Controlled Slip Seconds CSS

Path Coding Violations PCV

Line Errored Seconds LES

Bursty Errored Seconds BES

Degraded Minutes DM

Line Code Violations LCV



Fiber Planning Guidelines


Fiber ManagementThe Alloptic system transports composite Ethernet, telephony, and video signals at 1 Gbps over optical fiber routes. Fiber impairments that reduce operating range and throughput can degrade optical signal performance. The impairments, optical loss and reflection, are most frequently introduced during fiber optic systems installations. The three most significant impairments that affect optical transport are: the splice, cleanliness, and bend radius.

SplicingWhen calculating operating ranges for fiber optic systems, fusion splicing is assumed and splice loss is considered negligible. Fusion splices introduce the least amount of optical loss and reflection. Fusion splices can also survive in a wet environment for some time. When installing equipment, best fiber installation practice calls for the use of the fusion splice. Mechanical splices are not recommended.

Bend RadiusToo tight of a bend in a fiber will cause signal attenuation, reflections, and breakage over time. Industry standards accept a minimum bend radius of two inches. Fiber organizers are designed to avoid bends that are too tight. When routing and dressing fiber, always check that the two inch bend radius is not exceeded. Avoid pinching and snagging fibers. Use guides to hold fiber loops in place.

Clean ConnectorsEach time an optical connector is unmated, dust and other contaminants can collect on the connector faces. Dirty connectors are the most frequent cause of loss in an optical system. Connectors should be cleaned prior to mating. Both mating surfaces should be cleaned using a two step process. Use a soft lint-free cloth and reagent grade alcohol to clean the face. Then use a separate, soft, lint-free cloth to clean any residue from the connector face. Also, always replace the dust covers or the connectors while not in use.Observing these fiber management practices will eliminate the most frequent causes of optical fiber troubles.

No service adjustments or repair of laser devices are available to field forces. Return plug-in cards and ONUs to Alloptic for repair or service of the lasers.



Appendix A Glossary

802.1Q IEEE 802.1QIEEE specification for implementation of VLANs in Layer 2 LAN switches, with emphasis on Ethernet. Prioritization of traffic is accomplished through an additional 4 bytes of data in the frame header.

APC Adaptive Predictive Coding A narrowband analog-to-digital conversion technique.

ATM Asynchronous Transfer ModeVery high speed transmission technology. High bandwidth, low-delay, connection-oriented, packet-like switching and multi-plexing technique

AVM Audio Voice Module The four POTS ports on the homeGEAR™ ONUs.

AWG American Wire Gauge US standard for measuring the diameter of conductive wire. The higher the AWG, the thinner the wire.

BITS Building Integrated Timing SystemA single building master timing supply. In North America, BITS are the clocks that provide and distribute timing to a network’s lower levels.

BGPx Border Gateway Protocol, level x A Gateway protocol that routers employ in order to exchange appropriate levels of information.

BITS Building Integrated Timing Supply

A single building master timing supply. BITS generally supplies DS1 and DS0 level timing throughout an office. The BITS concept minimizes the number of synchronization links entering an office, since only the BITS will receive timing from outside the office.

BTU/hr Basic Transmission Unit/per hour

CATV Cable Television A broadband transmission facility.

CBR Committed (Constant) Bit RateA data service where the bits are conveyed regularly in time and at a constant rate, carefully timed between source (transmitter) and sink (receiver). Examples include uncompressed voice and video traffic.

CEV controlled environment vaultA below ground room that houses electronic and.or optical equipment under controlled temperature and humidity.

CO central office In North America, a CO is that location which houses a switch to serve local subscribers.

CPE customer premises equipment Equipment that resides on the customer’s premises.

CSA carrier serving areaA concept that categorizes local loops by length, gauge and subscriber distribution to determine how a specific geographic area can best be served.

DS0 Digital Signal Level Zero A voice-grade channel of 64 Kbps.

DS1 Digital Signal Level One 1.544 Mbps in North America (T1), and 2.048 Mbps in Europe (E1).



DS3 Digital Signal Level Three

In North America and Japan, DS3 is the equivalent of 28 T1 channels, operating at a total signaling rate of 44.736 Mbps. In a channelized application, DS3 supports 672 channels, each of 64Kbps.In Europe, DS3 is the equivalent of 16 E1 circuits and overhead. The effective data rate is 34.368Mbps or 512 channels.

DSC Digital Selecting CallingA synchronous system developed by the International Radio Consultative Committee, used to establish contact with a station or group of stations automatically by radio.

DSCP Differentiated Services

DiffServ. A set of technologies proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force that would allow Internet and other IP-based network service providers to offer differentiated levels of service to individual customers and their information streams. On the basis of a DiffServ CodePoint (DSCP) marker in the header of each IP packet, the network routers would apply differentiated grades of service to various packet streams.

DTE Data Terminal EquipmentIn the RS-232-C standard, the RS-232-C is connected between the DCE (Data Communications Equipment) and a DTE. The main difference between a DCE and a DTE is that pins two and three are reversed.

WDM Wavelength Division MultiplexingA means of increasing capacity if fiber-optic data transmission systems through the multiplexing of multiple wavelengths of light.

E1 European version of T1 A digital transmission link with a total signaling speed of 2.048 Mbps.

EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber AmplifierAN optical repeater device used to boost the intensity of optical signals being carried through a fiber optic communications system.

EPON Ethernet Passive Optical NetworkA complete solution for convergence of residential and business services providing connectivity through a single fiber.

FCC Federal Communications Commission

The Federal organization in Washington DC set up by the Communications Act of 1934. It has the authority to regulate all interstate (but not intrastate) communications originating in the United States.

ESAF Ethernet Service Application Facility

A set of features that make it easy to implement data services through Alloptic’s system, capturing DHCP and ARP requests.

FTTB fiber-to-the-business Optical fiber from the carrier network terminates at a business.

FTTC fiber-to-the-curb Optical fiber from the carrier network terminates at a curb.

FTTH fiber-to-the-home Optical fiber from the carrier network terminates at home.



GR303

Telcordia’s GR303 family of requirements specifies a set of generic criteria that creates an Integrated Access System, supporting multiple distribution technologies and architectures, and a wide range of services on a single access platform.

GUI graphical user interface Generic name for any computer interface that substitutes graphics for text.

HDT Host Digital Terminal The device that converts the CMTS Telephone to a GR303 conditioned DS1.

HDTV High Definition Television

HDTV offers approximately twice the vertical and horizontal resolution of current NTSC analog television broadcasting, which is a picture quality approaching 35 mm film. It will also support sound quality approaching that of a CD.

HFC Hybrid Fiber Coax An outside plant distribution cabling concept employing both fiber optic and coaxial cable.

HTTP Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol The protocol used by the web server and the client browser to communicate.

IAD Integrated Access Device A device which supports voice, data, and video information streams over a single, high capacity circuit.

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards-making group.

IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol

A protocol used by IP hosts and gateways to report their multicast group memberships. When used in concert with a multicast protocol, the IP-based network can support multicasting.

IP Internet ProtocolThe Internet Protocol describes software that keeps track of the Internet’s addresses for different nodes, routes outgoing messages, and recognizes incoming messages.

ISDN Integrate Services Digital Network. Provides a standard for voice and data signaling.

ISP Internet service provider A vendor who provides access for customers to the Internet and the World Wide Web.

LAN local area networkA communications network connecting personal computers, workstations, printers, file servers and other devices inside a building or campus. Devices on a LAN can communicate with each other.

Layer 2

In the Open Standards Interconnection Model, this is the Data Link Layer. It is concerned with procedures and protocols for operating the communications lines. It also has a way of detecting and correcting message errors.

Layer 3In the Open Standards Interconnection Model, this is the network layer. It determines how data is transferred between computers. It also addresses routing within and between individual networks.



LED light emitting diode A diode that emits light when a current is passed through it.

Loss Budget Loss Budget

The maximum amount of signal degradation a data communications network can withstand before it becomes susceptible to errors and/or loss of data.

MAC Address media access control address a 48-bit number unique to each LAN NIC.

MAN Metropolitan Area Network

A high-speed data intra-city network that links multiple locations within a campus, city, or service area. It typically extends as far as 50Km, operates at speeds from 1 Mb/s to 200Mb/s and provides an integrated set of services for real-time data, voice, and image transmission.

MDU Multiple Dwelling Unit Buildings with multiple apartments

MDU/MTU

Multiple Dwelling Unit/Multi Tenant Unit

A building or group of buildings that house multiple sets of businesses. This could be an office building, office park or corporate campus, medical facility, hotel or college dormitory. The tenants may be business, residence or a mix of both.

MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol

A protocol designed to bridge between circuit-based public switched telephone networks (PSTN) and emerging Internet Protocol (IP) technology based networks. The Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) specification represents a combination of the Internet Protocol Device Control specification and the Simple Gateway Control Protocol. MGCP enables external control and management of data communications equipment operating at the edge of emerging multi-service packet networks, known as media gateways. Examples of media gateway devices include voice over IP, set top boxes and circuit cross connects.

MTU Maximum Transmission Unit The largest possible unit of data that can be sent on a given physical medium.

MIB Management Information Base Database of network performance information stored on a network agent.

MPEG Motion Picture Experts GroupAn international standards organization group responsible for the standardization of coded representations of video and audio signals.

NEBS Network Equipment Building Standards

NEBS defines a set if performance, quality, environmental and safety requirements developed by Bellcore.

NIC network interface card The device that connects a device to a LAN.

NIM Network Interface Module

The NIM ports provide a means to introduce additional bandwidth into the ALLOPTIC® EPON network for general use or as unique interfaces for extended services, such as gateways for multiple Internet providers.



OA&M operations, administration, and maintenance

Refers to the specifics of managing a system or network.

OC-3 Optical Carrier Level 3 A SONET channel equal to three DS3s which is equal to 155.52 Mbps.

OC-12 Optical Carrier Level 12 SONET channel of 622.08 Mbps.

Ohm Unit of electrical resistance.

OLT Optical Line Termination Module

The OLT module forwards packets from the ONU toward the SCM and/or NIM without filtering or prioritization. It controls and manages the PON time slots and the encryption for each ONU and monitors the state of all ONUs on the PON. The OLT also provides system access to the Optical Network Units.

ONU optical network unit A type of access node that converts optical signals to electrical signals and vice-versa.

OSP Outside PlantThe part of the Local Exchange Carrier telephone network that is physically located outside of telephone company buildings.

OSPF Open Shortest Path FirstA link state routing algorithm that is used to calculate routes based on the number of routers, transmission speed, delays and route cost.

OTDR Optical Time Domain RelectometerA test and measurement device often used to check the accuracy of fusion splices and the location of fiber optic breakers.

PBX Private Branch Exchange A PBX is a small version of the phone company’s larger central switching office.

PC personal computer A computer for one person’s use.

PVR Personal Video Recorder

PON Passive Optical NetworkFiber optic network without active electronics, such as repeaters, a PON uses passive splitters to deliver signals to multiple terminal devices.

Ponter Passive Optical Network Transceiver

The OLT PON ports are driven by a 1 Gigabit single mode Passive Optical Network Transceiver or PONTER. This bandwidth is shown in the Bandwidth Manager as 1000Mbs Upstream and Downstream.

POTS plain old telephone serviceBasic service supplying standard single line telephones, telephone lines and access to the public switched network.

PPM Pulse Position Modulation Method of light transmission encoding commonly used in infrared and wireless LAN applications.

PRI primary rate interface The ISDN equivalent of a T1/E1 circuit.

PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

PSTN refers to the local, long distance, and international phone system. In the USA, this refers to the entire interconnected collection of local, long distance and international phone companies.



PVC Private Virtual Circuits

A permanent association between two DTEs established by configuration. Once defined and programmed by the carrier into the network routing logic, all data transmitted between any two points across the network follows a predetermined physical path, making use of a Virtual Circuit.

Q in Q Double Tagging or VLAN Stacking

Taking an 802.1Q tagged frame and adding a second internal tag to it before the frame is forwarded. The second tag allows any tagged frame coming into Alloptic®’s system to be transported across the internal tagged VLAN, which allows Alloptic® to transport customer’s tagged packets without changing their VLAN IDs.

QRSS quasi-random signal source Signals used for testing DS1 circuits.

REN Ringer Equivalence Number

Part of the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) certification number approving a telephone terminal product for direct sale to the end user as not doing harm to the network. The REN consists of a number and a letter that indicates the frequency response of that telephone’s ringer.

RF radio frequency Electromagnetic waves operating between 10 kHz and 3MHz propagated without wire or cable.

RIP Routing Information Protocol

Based on distance-vector algorithms that measure the shortest path between two points on a network, based on the addresses of the originating and destination devices. The shortest path is determined by the number of "hops" between those points.

SCM Station Class MarkA two-digit number that identifies certain capabilities of our cellular phone. How the cellular network handles your call is based on these digits.

SFU Single Family Units

SLA Service Level Agreement

An agreement between a user and a service provider, defining the nature of the service provided and establishing a set of metrics to be used to measure the level of service provided against the agreed level of service. Such SLAs might include provisioning, average availability, restoration times for outages, etc. They also typically include trouble-reporting procedures, escalation procedures, penalties, etc.

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

Standard method for interfacing with a network that supports MIB.

Spanning Tree ProtocolInactivation of links between networks so that information packets are channeled along one route and will not search endlessly for a destination.

T1 Trunk Level 1 A digital transmission link with a total signaling speed of 1.544 Mbps.

TAC Technical Assistance Center



TDM Time Division Multiplex Technique for transmitting a number of separate data, voice and/or video signals simultaneously over one communication medium by interleaving a piece of each signal one after the other.

TDMA Time Division Multiplex AccessUsed to separate multiple conversation transmissions over a finite frequency allocation of through-the-air bandwidth.

TOS Type of Service

The header of an IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4). The version contains an eight-bit TOS field. That field can be used to identify to the various packet switches and routers in an IP-based network those packets which would like preferential treatment on a Class of Service basis.

UBR Unspecified (or Undefined) Bit Rate

UBR is an ATM service category that does not specify traffic related service guarantees. Specifically, UBR does not include the notion of a per-connection negotiated bandwidth. No numerical commitments are made with respect to the cell loss ratio experienced by a UBR connection or as to the cell transfer delay experienced by cells on the connection.

UPS Uninterruptable Power SupplyUsually includes an inverter, drawing its power from batteries, which generates an extremely "well behaved" AC power signal for a PBX or other equipment.

UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair A transmission medium consisting of a pair of copper conductors which are electrically balanced.

V5.x V5

A standard approved by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute in 1997 for the interface between the access network and the carrier switch for basic telephony, ISDN and semi-permanent leased lines. The V5 standard effectively provides for open access to both wired and wireless networks.

VAC Volts, Alternating Current

VBR Variable Bit RateA telecommunications service in which the bit rate is allowed to vary within defined limits. Instead of a fixed rate, the service bit rate is specified by statistically expressed parameters.

VDC Volts, Direct Current

VID VLAN ID A unique VLAN identification assigned to every data user.

VLAN Virtual Local Area Network

A means by which LAN users on different physical LAN segments are afforded priority access privileges across the LAN backbone in order that they appear to be on the same physical segment of an enterprise-level logical LAN. VLAN solutions are implemented in LAN switches, and VLAN membership is defined by the LAN administrator on the basis of either port address or MAC address.

VOD Video on DemandA service where a subscriber can watch any video program at any time, with pause, resume, forward and possibly rewind control.



VOIP Voice over IPA technology used to transmit voice conversations over a data network using the Internet Protocol. Such data network may be the Internet or a corporate Intranet.

VSP Video Service Provider A vendor who provides access for customers to video services.

WAN Wide Area Network A computer and voice network that is bigger than a city or a particular metropolitan area.

WDM Wavelength Division MultiplexingMethod that allows two signals to be transmitted concurrently along the same optical fiber using different wavelengths.



Planning and Engineering Guide v5

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Transcript of Planning and Engineering Guide v5