Planning and cybernetic control
-
Upload
eka-darmadi -
Category
Business
-
view
130 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Planning and cybernetic control
![Page 1: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Planning and
Cybernatic Planning
Eka Darmadi Lim
Gerry Geraldo
Isa Tridjojo
Reni
![Page 2: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Topics
• MCS as a Package (in a brief)
• Cybernatic Control
• Planning Control
– Long Range
– Action Planning
• Budget
• Case Study
![Page 3: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Topic
![Page 4: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introduction “The Package”
Management Control System
Package
![Page 5: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Introduction “The Package”
Management Control System
Package
Today
![Page 6: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Introduction “The Package”
Management Control System
Package
Week 4
![Page 7: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Introduction “The Package”
Management Control System
Package
Week 5
![Page 8: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Introduction “The Package”
Management Control System
Package
Week 6
![Page 9: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Introduction “The Package”
Management Control System
Package
Week 7
![Page 10: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Introduction “The Package”
Management Control System
Package
Week 8
![Page 11: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Topic
![Page 12: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Introduction
“Cybernetic Controls”
The Explanation of “Cybernetic Control”
In organizations a cybernetic system can
either be an information system or
control system contingent.
“A cybernetic system would be an
information and decision-support system”
![Page 13: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Introduction
“Cybernetic Controls”
![Page 14: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cybernetic Controls
“Inside”
Measuring System Performance
Comparing that performance
to Standards
Modifying system’s
component
Feeding back information about
unwanted
![Page 15: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Cybernetic Controls
in Management Control System
Budgets
Financial Measurement
Non-Financial Measurement
Hybrid
![Page 16: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Topic
![Page 17: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Introduction
Planning Control
• What is Planning?
“Decision making in advance or we can
say planning is looking ahead and
chalking out future courses of action to
be followed.”
![Page 18: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Introduction
Planning Control
Types of Planning?
• Long Range Planning
• Action Planning
![Page 19: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Topic
![Page 20: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Planning Control
“Long Range Planning”
• What is Long Range Planning?
“the goals and actions for the medium
and long run are established.”
“This has a more STRATEGIC focus”
![Page 21: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Planning Control
“Long Range Planning”
• “Strategic planning is an organization's process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy.”
• Simply put, strategic planning determines where an organization is going over the next year or more
![Page 22: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Planning Control
“Long Range Planning”
• A Variety of Strategic Planning Models:
Goal Base Planning
Issues Based Strategic
![Page 23: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Planning Control
“Long Range Planning”
• Strategic planning involves both analysis of the past (using data cost, revenue, etc.) and forecast of the future
• Strategic planning provides a framework for the more detailed planning that takes place in the planning cycles that follow.
![Page 24: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Six Iterative Steps
of Strategic Plan Process
Develop a Corporate Vision, Mission, Objective
Understand the firm’s present position, SWOT
Decide on a corporate diversification strategy that identifies what business the firm
Decide on a strategy for each SBU
![Page 25: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Tools for Strategic
Plan Process
SWOT Analysis
Balanced Scorecards
Scenario Planning
![Page 26: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Purpose of Strategic Plan
“For Organization”
Clearly define the
Purpose of Organization
Communicate the Goals
Develop a sense of
Ownership
A Base of Progress that
can be Measured
![Page 27: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Topic
![Page 28: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Planning Control
“Action Planning”
What is Action Planning?
“Action planning is a sequence of steps that must be taken, or activities that
must be performed well, for a strategy to succeed”
![Page 29: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Planning Control
“Action Planning”
The Importance of Action Planning?
“To help the company to reach their
objective (the strategic planning)”
![Page 30: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Planning Control
“Action Planning”
• The Importance of Action Planning?
“To help the company to reach their
objective (the strategic planning)”
![Page 31: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Planning Control
“Action Planning”
• Major Elements of Action Planning?
Specific Tasks
Time Horizon
Resource Allocation
![Page 32: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Planning Control
“Action Planning”
• Main Step in Preparing “Action Planning”
Have a Clear Objective
List of Benefit (Goals)
Step by Step Clearly
Arrange the Steps in Logical
![Page 33: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Planning Control
“Action Planning”
• Main Step in Preparing “Action Planning”
Try a Goal Map
Think about The Problems
Review the Progress
![Page 34: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Topic
![Page 35: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Budgeting
• The process of budgeting is initiated with the establishment of specific targets of performance
• followed by executing plans to achieve such desired goals and from time to time comparing actual results with the targets of performances/goals.
![Page 36: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Budgeting
• Strategic planning also has a relation to budgeting because they both involve a planning but they have different activities in two processes.
• The budgeting process focuses on a single year
![Page 37: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Budgeting
• Strategic planning focuses on activities
that extend over a period of several years.
Strategic planning precedes budgeting
and provides the framework within which
the annual budget is developed.
![Page 38: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The Uses of Budgeting
Fine Turning the Strategic Plan
Coordination
Assigning Responsibility
Basis for performance Evaluation
![Page 39: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Budget Preparation Process
Organization
Issuance of Guidelines
Initial Budget Proposal
Negotiation
![Page 40: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Budget Preparation Process
Review and Approval
Budget Revisions
Contingency Budgets
![Page 41: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Budget Limitation
Budget based on Estimate
Budget must be adjusted to changes
Budget can be useful by Management
Can not replace the management Function
![Page 42: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Principal Terms of Successful
Budget Program
Healthy Corporate Organization
Adequate Accounting Systems
Research and Analysis
Support from Executive
![Page 43: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
The Uses of Budgeting
• “The budget acts as an effective
management tool”
• by providing a means of identifying and
allocating limited resources (Revenues),
and monitoring their use (Expenditures).
![Page 44: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The Uses of Budgeting
• “The budget also is used to help prevent
the company from overspending.”
• “Budget reports provide management with
information on operations”
• Allowing the organization to monitor and
control spending and revenue collection
while they are in progress.
![Page 45: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Topic
![Page 46: Planning and cybernetic control](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042510/54bc1c534a79593d698b4573/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Thank You
Eka Darmadi Lim
Gerry Geraldo
Isa Tridjojo
Reni