Planetary Sciences Subcommittee of NAC MEP Update

Doug McCuistion Director, Mars Exploration Program

26 January 2011

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Program News

• New Mars Program Scientist – Dr. Mitch Schulte reports in February

• Joint Program Documentation

– Executive Program Plan ready for signature cycle mid-February – Memorandum of Understanding to State Department by March

• NASA Program Implementation Review (PIR)

– Occurs every other year to evaluate and re-authorize the MEP – Scheduled for April/May – Review Board Chair (Dennis Andryuck/GSFC) aboard

• Team and Terms of Reference being developed

• Mars Program Update forum at National Air & Space, Jan 13th

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Mars Program Update From “Follow the Water” to “Seeking Signs of Life”

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A public forum at the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) on January 13, 2011, to review the evidence of water on Mars, current Mars missions and future Mars activities.

Three panels were moderated by Dr. John Grant (NASM Chair, Center of Earth and Planetary Studies):

1) Follow the Water: What Have We Found? 2) How Do We Do It? Status of Current Missions 3) Seeking Signs of Life: What Will the Future Bring?

Planetary Science Division panelists included Doug McCuistion, Michael Meyer and Mary Voytek. Other panel members included Jack Mustard (Brown University), Steve Squyers (Cornell University), Marcello Coradini (ESA) and Jennifer Eigenbrode (GSFC).

Standing room attendance at the event was over 200, including students from Stuart-Hopson Middle School and the Whittier Education Campus STEM School. The event was carried live on NASA TV and on Livestream. As of Jan. 24 Livestream reported over 98,000 viewer minutes, and 4425 viewers on http://youtube.com/nasatv.

The Mars Update Program was carried live and is archived at http://www.livestream.com /mars

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Mars Exploration Program Missions

• Mars Odyssey – orbiter and its subsystems and the THEMIS, HEND & NS continue to perform.

• Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter – orbiter and its subsystems are performing nominally

• Mars Express – spacecraft operations are nominal—extended mission through 2012.

• Mars Exploration Rover Project – Spirit – Spirit remains silent, no communication has been received since Sol 2210

(March 22, 2010). It is likely that Spirit has experienced a low-power fault and has turned off all sub-systems. Probability of recovery is diminishing.

– Opportunity –Opportunity is headed toward Endeavor Crater. Total odometry 26.7km (about 16.6 miles)

• Mars Science Laboratory – Rover fully assembled and environmental test begins with vibe on 14 February.

• Mars Atmosphere and Volatiles Evolution (MAVEN) – Passed KDP-C and officially in Implementation Phase (Phase C)

• 2016 TGO – Passed ESA’s System-PDR in December 2010; KDP-A for NASA portion scheduled for March 30th.

• 2018 Dual Rovers – Design concept trade studies still underway

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Spirit and Opportunity

2003

Sojourner 1996

Curiosity 2011

Santa Maria

Victoria

Endeavour

22 km

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The MSL-Curiosity Rover Mission

Rover Width: 2.8 m Height of Deck: 1.1 m Ground Clearance: 0.66 m Height of Mast: 2.2 m

DAN

REMS

ChemCam Mastcam

RAD

MAHLI APXS Brush Drill / Sieves Scoop

MARDI

Objectives:

•Assess the biological potential of the site by investigating any organic and inorganic compounds and the processes that might preserve them

•Characterize geology and geochemistry, including chemical, mineralogical, and isotopic composition, and geological processes

•Investigate the role of water, atmospheric evolution, and modern weather/climate

•Characterize the spectrum of surface radiation

Curiosity’s primary scientific goal is to explore and quantitatively assess a local region on Mars’

surface as a potential habitat for life, past or present

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MSL Development Progress • Overall status:

– On track for shipment of spacecraft to KSC in June, and on-time launch in November/December launch window. Current technical issues in-family for this phase of development.

• SA/SPaH Development – Organic contamination of drill bit identified during manufacturing process – Drill force sensor anomalous performance

• SAM – Series of Wide Range Pump problems associated with bearing design and materials resolved – SAM now fully integrated into rover

• Rover Battery – Contamination of percussive weld bead on header/picket assembly – Pursuing rebuilding and reworking header assemblies for flight/flight spares

• Budget – Unacceptably low project reserves going in to FY 2011 – Agency PMC approved augmentation in Dec ‘10 to restore budget reserve posture to ensure successful

development/test completion; reserves partially held by HQ

• Lessons Learned – Numerous IG and GAO reviews/audits underway – Internal NASA Lessons Learned activity jointly with OCE will start up soon

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Curiosity Milestones

• Environmental test sequence begins: 14 Feb, 2011

• Call for Participating Scientist proposals – ~18 expected selections – 4 ½ years duration – Proposals due March 22, 2011

• Launch Site Selection:

– Last workshop in May; early summer down-select

• Launch Window opens: Nov. 25, 2011

• Landing on Mars: Aug. 2012 9

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Mars Landing Sites (Previous Missions and MSL Candidates)

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Candidate Landing Sites

Eberswalde Crater (24°S, 327°E, -1.5 km) contains a clay-bearing delta formed when an ancient river deposited sediment, possibly into a lake.

Gale Crater (4.5°S, 137°E, -4.5 km) contains a 5-km sequence of layers that vary from clay-rich materials near the bottom to sulfates at higher elevation.

Mawrth Vallis (24°N, 341°E, -2.2 km) exposes layers within Mars’ surface with differing mineralogy, including at least two kinds of clays.

Holden Crater (26°S, 325°E, -1.9 km) has alluvial fans, flood deposits, possible lake beds, and clay-rich sediment.

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R9.0B

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MSL ATLO Schedule: FY’11

Cruise Stage

Descent Stage

Oct ’10 Dec ’10 Feb ’11 Apr ’11 Jun ’11 Aug ’11 Oct ’11

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SAM Install & EIP RBAU Install & EIP ChemCam BU Rework (CC) RIPA Install, Loading & EIP HazCam Covers Install Mobility Energy Absorber Install

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PWR Functional Bus Transient EDL EMI / EMC

PDV Functionals:

EMC

R9.1A

R8B

Multiple Shift Activity

Using PARTs RCE

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Spirit and Opportunity

2003

Sojourner 1996

Curiosity 2011

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2013 MAVEN

• MAVEN was confirmed on October 4, 2010 – Phase C began on November 1, 2010 – All Phase C/D contracts signed – Establishing EVM baselines

• Green on all metrics – Risks include HEPS card single point failures and testing, FSW staffing at

Lockheed, issues identified in JUNO and GRAIL ATLO • Starting to build and test instrument, spacecraft and ground systems

hardware and software – Engineering models, test articles, etc.

• Education and Public Outreach Implementation Plan on track • Responsibility

– PI: Bruce Jakosky, LASP – Project Mgt: Dave Mitchell, GSFC – Partners: GSFC, Lockheed Martin, LASP, SSL Berkeley, JPL

Technical Last This Month Month

G G

Programmatic Last This Month Month

G

Cost Last This Month Month

G

Overall Last This Month Month

G

Schedule Last This Month Month

G G G G G

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Joint Mars Exploration Program A New Kind of SMD International Partnership

This is a partnership between programs – Historically, partnership with ESA is on a single mission basis – Quid pro quo is balanced across multiple missions, not within a single

mission – Leadership of missions is negotiated and alternated – Partnership leverages resources, enabling increased mission content and

launch frequency over a period of years – Sharing risk and responsibility of technology developments (within ITAR) – Each mission’s risks and successes affect future missions, regardless of

who is the “mission lead” • Intertwined critical paths • Technology and schedule risk

Overall risk posture increases when partnering at program level

–but– The benefits outweigh the risks

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NASA-ESA Joint Mars Program Management Structure Program Initiation and Mission Formulation

• Management structure established – Joint Mars Executive Board—meets regularly – Joint Engineering Working Group(s) for future mission concepts – Joint Mars Architecture Review Team (jMART) established

• Bi-Lateral (Dr. Southwood and Dr. Weiler)—meets regularly

• 2016 mission project office established within Mars Program Office at JPL

– ESA orbiter mission under ExoMars Program Office • Overall governance, documentation, review and approval processes, etc.,

maturing – Presented to NASA Agency Program Management Council in Oct ‘10

• MSR working group established in April 2010

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2016 ExoMars/Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO)

Mission Overview—ESA Mission Lead; NASA Science Lead: Detect, characterize, and locate sources of atmospheric trace gases and isotopes Provide telecommunications relay to/from surface assets [ESA objective] Demonstrate European capability to perform EDL

NASA roles/deliverables 4 Orbital science instruments – MATMOS, EMCS, MAGIE, HiSCI Science-Relay-Aerobraking (SRA) Ops Facility & Science Center) Electra UHF Relay Radio Launch vehicle and services; Atlas-V 431-class performance Project Categorization: Category 2 ($250M-$1B; Medium Priority)

ESA roles/deliverables Orbiter Spacecraft bus EDL demonstrator module (EDM mass ≤ 600kg including margin) Science instrument for orbiter (Belgium)

Implementation details Joint orbital science team Joint mission operations; ESA/ESOC leads S/C ops; NASA leads science, relay, and

aerobraking (SRA) ops Shared ground network support; ~50/50 guideline DSN and ESA Network support

Key Milestones KDP-A: March’11 KDP-B: July’11; KDP-C/Confirmation Review: Feb’12 Jan’16: Launch from KSC Oct-Nov ‘16: Deploy EDL Demo (EDM) followed by MOI and aerobraking start Mar-Jun’17: Start 1 Mars year of science observations in 400 km circular orbit Jan’19: Start Relay phase for 2018 rover

MATMOS Solar occultation Fourier transform IR spectrometer

NOMAD Occultation + mapping IR, Vis, UV spectrometer (supplied by EU)

EMCS Thermal IR spectrometer

MAGIE Wide-angle Vis-UV camera

HiSCI High resolution , colour, stereo camera

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• Locate atmospheric source regions to further characterize the surface/subsurface sources

– Identify possible locales for future surface/subsurface exploration

=> These goals can be summarized as: Detection, Characterization, Localization

2016 ExoMars/Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) Science Objectives

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• Detect and survey trace gases and their isotopologues in the Mars atmosphere in order to understand the nature of their subsurface/surface sources: Biochemical and geochemical?

– Including but not limited to H2O, HO2, H2O2, NO2, N2O, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, H2CO, HCN, H2S, OCS, SO2, HCl, CO, O3

– Confirm their presence and variability over all Mars seasons – not just methane!

• Characterize the processes by which methane, other trace gases, and aerosols interact and are possibly removed from the atmosphere − H2O, CO2, ice and dust aerosol

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2018 Dual Rovers Mission

Touchdown Through Initial Deployments Stand-Up and Egress

Sky Crane Maneuver

Cruise stage & aeroshell separation • Mars 2018 is 2nd mission of NASA-ESA Joint Mars Exploration Program

– Delivers to Mars surface the ESA ExoMars Rover and a proposed NASA Sample & Caching Rover

– NASA to provide launch/cruise/EDL for both rovers • Current conceptual design would maximize use of MSL-heritage Launch, Cruise, and EDL systems

• Mars 2018 Project is currently in Pre-Phase A – Working towards Mission Concept Review & issuance of

Formulation Authorization Document, in conjunction with Key Decision Point A (KDP-A) in late 2011/early 2012 • Note: ESA Rover has been under development for > 4 years. The

ESA ExoMars Project considers the rover maturity to be at PDR (Phase B->C transition) level

• Key Milestones – Apr. ‘11: NASA/ESA Interface Requirements Doc., Version 1 – Nov. ’11: Mission Concept Review (leads to KDP-A Jan. ’12) – KDP-A: Jan. ’12; KDP-B: Apr. ’13; KDP-C: Sep. ’14

ESA ExoMars Rover

NASA Rover

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Mars Program Upcoming Events—FY11

MSL

2016/ETGO

1/26-27

MAVEN

Operating Missions

Program and Future Mission

Activities

January February March

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4

CMC @ JPL

DPMC KDP-A @

HQ SRR @ JPL

01/19-21

TBD TBD

MAVEN QSR/PSG LASP IBR

03/31-4/1

MARS 2016 OWST MEETING @

JPL

03/15-16

MEX PHOBOS FLYBY

01/09

MEX RADIO SCIENCE TEAM

MEETING

03/14-15

2018 Architecture Update to ESA

01/15-16

2018 NASA-ESA Interface WKSHP

@JPL

2/7-10

E2E-ISAG Face-to-Face

(Tentative)

03/21-25 01/25

EXEC BOARD

02/15-16

2016 KDP-A

03/28

NASA-ESA BILAT

03/29-31

Radiological Contingency Planning Meeting

01/25-27

Radiological Contingency Planning Table-top Exercise

03/1-4

Ground Operations Review

03/7

Decadal Release @LPSC

03/07

PCA/PGM Plan

03/14

JMART #1

02/17-18

SIAD CONCEPT REVIEW

2/10

JPL Quarterly

1/31

JPEP TELECON PCA REVIEW

1/27

PSS

MSR Ground Rules/Assumptions WKSHP

FPR

1/19