Placing Workers in Europe: Fostering Collaboration among Employment Agencies in Asia & Europe 6-8...

I.O.M. - International Organization for Migration Placing Workers in Europe: Fostering Collaboration among Employment Agencies in Asia & Europe 6-8 February, 2007 Manila . 1

Labour Migration Labour Migration Management in the frame of Management in the frame of employment opportunities in employment opportunities in ItalyItaly

I.O.M. - International Organization for MigrationPlacing Workers in Europe: Fostering Collaboration

among Employment Agencies in Asia & Europe 6-8 February, 2007 Manila 2

Presentation Outline An overview of immigration in Italy General principles of the Italian migration

policiesIOM Rome labour migration strategyEmployment opportunities in ItalyIOM Rome experiencesFuture outlook



An overview of immigration in Italy



Italy within the context of international Italy within the context of international migrations migrations (2005)(2005)

7.287.980

3.371.394

3.263.186

3.035.000

2.857.000

Germany

Spain

France

Italy

UK

5,2%5,2% of total populationof total population



Origin countriesOrigin countries

11,9

11,3

10,3

5,2

4,9

Romania

Albania

Morocco

Ukraine

P.R. China

11,9

11,3

10,3

5,2

4,9

Romania

Albania

Morocco

Ukraine

P.R. China

First 5 nations First 5 nations

Fonte:Dossier Statistico Immigrazione Caritas\Migrantes su dati Ministero Interno



Immigrant Labour in Italy

1 employee out of 10 in 20051 employee out of 10 in 20055,3% agriculture, 23,3% manufacturing, 14,5% building, 57% 5,3% agriculture, 23,3% manufacturing, 14,5% building, 57% servicesservices

Recruits in 2005: 727.600 workersRecruits in 2005: 727.600 workersNew recruits: 172.700 New recruits: 172.700 (vs. 99.500 as annual quota limit of immigrants)(vs. 99.500 as annual quota limit of immigrants)

1,81,8 million workers million workers (full time and part time employees, excluding seasonal workers and entrepreneurs)(full time and part time employees, excluding seasonal workers and entrepreneurs)

++38% between I semester 2005 and I semester 200638% between I semester 2005 and I semester 2006

Mainly in building (28%) and commerce (42%)Mainly in building (28%) and commerce (42%)

202.000 202.000 enterprises whose owners are non-EU nationals enterprises whose owners are non-EU nationals



General principles of the Italian migration policies



General principles of the Italian migration policies

Yearly planning of entry flows (quotas) Combat irregular migration and organised crime

responsible of trafficking/smuggling in persons Strenghtening of measures aiming at the social and

cultural integration and fight against discrimination Guarantee of equal rights to foreign workers and

participation to local life



Planning of entry flows

Three-annual Programme indicating the actions and initiatives which the Italian Govrnment intends to carry out, if necessary also through special agreements with origin countries.

Quota system for foreign workers , mainly on the basis of: – job offers existing in the Italian labour market – bilateral agreements between Italy and origin countries of

migrants. Special categories outside the quota system :

university lecturers, professors or researchers; artistic or technical personnel for opera, theatre, concert, cinematographic, radio

or television broadcasters circuses and professional sportsmen; news correspondents officially accredited in Italy; professional nurses.

Preferencial right to enter Italy for working purposes on the basis of training attended abroad .



IOM Rome labour migration strategy

I.O.M. - International Organization for MigrationI.O.M. - International Organization for MigrationPlacing Workers in Europe: Fostering Collaboration


Promotion of bilateral and multilateral dialogue Analysis on and data collection of the

destination country’s labour market needsAssessment of applicants' professional skills

and identification/selection of potential migrant workers

Organization of vocational training and cultural orientation

Setting up of an efficient job matching process

General model of IOM strategy



Employment opportunities in Italy: an illustration from Unioncamere’s Excelsior System



EXCELSIOR IS A SURVEY, RUN SINCE 1997 TO PROVIDE EXCELSIOR IS A SURVEY, RUN SINCE 1997 TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON INFORMATION ON DEMAND FOR LABOUR DEMAND FOR LABOUR AS DEFINED BY AS DEFINED BY ITALIAN ENTERPRISES WITH EMPLOYEES. ITALIAN ENTERPRISES WITH EMPLOYEES. IN PARTICULAR:IN PARTICULAR:

What is EXCELSIOR?What is EXCELSIOR?

-DATA ON INWARD AND OUTWARD-DATA ON INWARD AND OUTWARD FLOWS FLOWS IN THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE LABOUR MARKET- DETAILS OF - DETAILS OF OCCUPATIONS with increasing market demandOCCUPATIONS with increasing market demand



The survey

Excelsior is based on data collected through an Excelsior is based on data collected through an annual sample survey on over 100 000 private annual sample survey on over 100 000 private enterprises having at least one employee and provides enterprises having at least one employee and provides detailed and reliable knowledge of the demand for detailed and reliable knowledge of the demand for labour expressed by Italian enterprises, as well as its labour expressed by Italian enterprises, as well as its distribution over the territory and across the various distribution over the territory and across the various economic sectors.economic sectors.

During 2006: details were given for 27 economic During 2006: details were given for 27 economic sectors and all 103 Italian provincessectors and all 103 Italian provinces



STRUCTURE OF THE QUESTIONNAIRESTRUCTURE OF THE QUESTIONNAIRESection 1: Section 1:

Occupational structure of the enterpriseOccupational structure of the enterprise

Quantification of occupation (by kind of occupation and type Quantification of occupation (by kind of occupation and type

of contract) and forecasting (entry and exit)of contract) and forecasting (entry and exit)

Section 1: Section 1:

Occupational structure of the enterpriseOccupational structure of the enterprise

Quantification of occupation (by kind of occupation and type Quantification of occupation (by kind of occupation and type

of contract) and forecasting (entry and exit)of contract) and forecasting (entry and exit)


Demand for occupations and their characteristicsDemand for occupations and their characteristics

Position in the organisation, type of contract, area of activity, Position in the organisation, type of contract, area of activity,

duties, educational level, gender, age, experience, duties, educational level, gender, age, experience,

knowledge of languages and computing, recruitment knowledge of languages and computing, recruitment

difficulties (and reasons), innovative features, post-entry difficulties (and reasons), innovative features, post-entry

training requiredtraining required


Demand for occupations and their characteristicsDemand for occupations and their characteristics

Position in the organisation, type of contract, area of activity, Position in the organisation, type of contract, area of activity,

duties, educational level, gender, age, experience, duties, educational level, gender, age, experience,

knowledge of languages and computing, recruitment knowledge of languages and computing, recruitment

difficulties (and reasons), innovative features, post-entry difficulties (and reasons), innovative features, post-entry

training requiredtraining required



employees at 31.12.05 10,666,172

Forecast employment in-flows

Forecast labour out-flows 596,570

Balance

695,770695,770

99,200

North West 195,410

North East 171,820

Centre 138,910

South and Islands 189,630

Industry 273,230 Services 422,540

Excelsior 2006: main resultsExcelsior 2006: main results

LABOUR FLOWS IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICESLABOUR FLOWS IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES



16,8

14,1

23,7

19,0

8,5

13,0

4,50,4

17,2

13,8

21,0

21,9

9,1

12,0

4,60,3

16,0

14,0

20,1

24,7

9,4

11,5

4,10,3

20042004 20052005 20062006

Unqualified staff

Industrial assembly workers

Specialist labourers

Sales and family services professions

Executive occupations relating to administration and management

Technicians

Intellectual & scientific occupations

Managers & directors

High skillHigh skill17,9%17,9%



Excelsior 2006: main resultsExcelsior 2006: main results

OCCUPATIONS MOST IN DEMANDOCCUPATIONS MOST IN DEMANDACCORDING TO ISCO MAJOR GROUPSACCORDING TO ISCO MAJOR GROUPS

(in % on total recruitment)(in % on total recruitment)



Excelsior 2006: main resultsExcelsior 2006: main results THE DEMAND FOR NON EU-MIGRANTS IN THE DEMAND FOR NON EU-MIGRANTS IN

INDUSTRY AND SERVICESINDUSTRY AND SERVICES

38.160

22.790

15.750

22.760

11.380

24.320

12.58014.580

ManufacturingManufacturing BuildingBuilding CommerceCommerce TourismTourism TransportTransport Services to Services to enterprisesenterprisesand personsand persons

HealthcarHealthcare private e private servicesservices

Other services Other services (ICT, banks,(ICT, banks,

training, etc.)training, etc.)

22,222,2 22,422,4 13,513,5 27,127,1 26,326,3 52,852,8 43,243,2 14,014,0

Recruitment of migrants per industry and % on total recruitment Recruitment of migrants per industry and % on total recruitment



(num.)(num.) (%)(%)

TOTALTOTAL

Managers, specialised occupations and techniciansManagers, specialised occupations and technicians

Managers and directorsManagers and directors

Intellectual, scientific and highly specialised occupationsIntellectual, scientific and highly specialised occupations

Intermediate occupations (technicians)Intermediate occupations (technicians)

Executive occupationsExecutive occupations and sales professionsand sales professions

Executives relating to administration and managementExecutives relating to administration and managementSales and family services professionsSales and family services professions

Specialist labourers and assembly workersSpecialist labourers and assembly workers

Specialist labourersSpecialist labourers

Plant drivers and fixed and mobile machinery operators, Plant drivers and fixed and mobile machinery operators, industrial assembly workersindustrial assembly workers

Unqualified staffUnqualified staff

TOTAL TOTAL RECRUITMENTRECRUITMENT

(num.)(num.) (%)(%)

RECRUITMENT OF RECRUITMENT OF NON-EU MIGRANTSNON-EU MIGRANTS

Excelsior 2006: main resultsExcelsior 2006: main results OCCUPATIONS MOST IN DEMANDOCCUPATIONS MOST IN DEMAND

ACCORDING TO ISCO MAJOR GROUPSACCORDING TO ISCO MAJOR GROUPS

695.770695.770 100,0100,0

110.440110.440 15,915,9

1.6901.690 0,20,2

28.85028.850 4,14,1

79.90079.900 11,511,5

236.860236.860 34,034,0

65.33065.330 9,49,4171.530171.530 24,724,7

236.890236.890 34,034,0

139.520139.520 20,120,1

97.37097.370 14,014,0

111.580111.580 16,016,0

162.320162.320 100,0100,0 23,323,3

8.6208.620 5,35,3 7,87,8

6060 0,00,0 2,82,8

1.8501.850 1,11,1 6,46,4

6.7106.710 4,14,1 8,48,4

44.05044.050 27,127,1 18,618,6

4.9404.940 3,03,0 7,67,639.11039.110 24,124,1 22,822,8

59.04059.040 36,436,4 24,924,9

34.39034.390 21,221,2 24,624,6

24.65024.650 15,215,2 25,325,3

50.62050.620 31,231,2 45,445,4

(% on total (% on total recruitment)recruitment)



% of non-EU migrants% of non-EU migrants on total in-on total in-flows during 2006flows during 2006

The decrease in the demand The decrease in the demand for non-EU migrantsfor non-EU migrants

2003 (33,3%)2003 (33,3%) 2006 (23,3%)2006 (23,3%)

Excelsior 2006: main resultsExcelsior 2006: main results THE DEMAND FOR NON EU-MIGRANTSTHE DEMAND FOR NON EU-MIGRANTS

(26)(26)27,5 a 27,5 a 34,734,7 (24)(24)

(25)(25) (28)(28)

24,1 a 24,1 a 27,527,5

16,7 a 16,7 a 24,124,16,7 a 16,76,7 a 16,7

MaximumMaximum 162.320162.320

Minimum Minimum 105.520105.520

2006 2006 2005 2005 trendtrend

-20.660-20.660

-16.280-16.280121.800121.800

182.890182.890



IOM Rome experiencesIOM Rome experiences



Main Exemples of successfull matching system

Preselection and storing of information in databases in Albania, Tunisia and Egypt

Pre-departure selection, language training and cultural orientation in Sri Lanka (80 workers) and Moldova (200 workers) and recruitment in Italy

Cultural orientation in Italy (2700 workers)



Selection process in Albania Selection has taken place in Albania through interviews

aiming at assessing the professional qualification of the candidate, verifying their credentials and his/her degree of proficiency in the Italian language.

Vocational written test Vocational interview Linguistic written test Linguistic intervieuw



Registration mechanism & special software

IOM has elaborated a special software on the basis of specific indications and data required by the Italian Ministry of Labour integrated with additional personal bio-data and professional information gathered through the selection process and useful for the applicants’ future job placement.



StatisticsVocational profiles

1002942

1817

915

509

327238

39

935

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Health system workers

Restaurant and hotelworkers

Construction industryworkers

Meccanical Industryworkers

Agriculture workers

Textile and confectionindustry workers

Transport workers

Fishery workers

Cleaning services



General Statistics30.000 applications received by IOM Tirana6724 potential migrants selected within the period June

2000 - December 20021500 received entry visas for Italy for job seeking

purposes 300 received entry visas for Italy upon labour

recruitment 20 migrants accessed the Italian labour market as

result of an IOM testing job-matching and integration/orientation process



The tunisian data bank www.emploi.nat.tn



The Egiptian Integrated Migration Information System

www.emigration.gov.eg



The Sri Lanka project Florence is suffering labour shortfalls in

several sectors such as construction and agriculture. But it is the shortage in family care work that is posing a major social problem.

The figures on the ageing population are clear. The demands and needs of families are growing as seen by the number of non-governmental organisations dealing with their issues. It’s too expensive for families to send relatives to homes for the elderly so more and more elderly are at home alone,



Main features of the program Working with the Italian Ministry of Labour and Social

Affairs which funds the programme, the Tuscany region and the Sri Lankan government, IOM devised a pilot programme for family care assistants who could work in Tuscany.

85 Sri Lankans were selected from a database provided by the Sri Lankan government.

Over one month, the candidates were given 60 hours of Italian language classes by the Dante Alighieri Society in the Sri Lankan capital, Colombo, and 25 hours of training in personal care elaborated by IOM in coordination with the training department of the Tuscan regional authorities.

In the end, 53 candidates got jobs with Italian families.



Training in Italy After the arrival in Italy the Tuscan authorities have

provided on-going training . As part of the programme, each worker had a

qualified family care tutor who gave 30 hours of on-site training over a three-month period.

In addition, the workers also received further tutoring in Italian and vocational training in family care.

The latter includes how to take blood pressure and sugar levels, monitor heart rates when looking after the elderly, how to care for bed-ridden people, information on nutrition and how to cook Italian food.

At the end of the training, the workers have been awarded a regional qualification in family care.



Monitoring of the program IOM, in the meantime, has

been regularly monitoring the programme by maintaining contact with the provincial job centres which matched the families to the workers and who had allocated the individual tutors to the workers.

IOM has also ben working with the Sri Lankan embassy and communities to ensure the workers have integrated in the local community.



Cultural orientation



Training of trainers in Tunisia



Future outlook The forthcoming reform of the immigration law will

entail: Strengthening of entry flows planning Creation of lists of candidates to migration towards Italy to

be built abroad by the Italian consular offices in cooperation with International Organisations

Issue of new job-search entry visa and stay permit IOM Rome is trying to extend the Excelsior survey

methodology to UE

Placing Workers in Europe: Fostering Collaboration among Employment Agencies in Asia & Europe 6-8...

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