Places to learn more: Particle and nuclear physics links
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Transcript of Places to learn more: Particle and nuclear physics links
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Places to learn more:Particle and nuclear physics links
http://pdg.lbl.gov
http://particleadventure.org
http://www.slac.stanford.edu/gen/edu/aboutslac.html
http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/sciindex.html
http://www.bnl.gov/rhic/
http://public.web.cern.ch/public/
http://www.fnal.gov/
http://www.er.doe.gov/production/henp/np/index.html
http://www.science.doe.gov/hep/index.shtm
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Inquiring minds want to know ...
Yo! What holds it together?
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (near Chicago)
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CDF Minos
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Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
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Event display from the SLD experiment at SLAC
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What forces exist in nature?
What is a force?
How do forces change with energy or temperature?
How has the universe evolved?
How do they interact?
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Mini-Ph.D. – Quantum Mechanics 101
Lesson 1:
Size actually does matter.
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Determine the postion and velocity of a car … no problem
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Determine the postion and velocity of a small particle … no problem
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Problem!Heisenberg uncertainty
principle
Cannot have perfect
knowledge of both the position
and velocity
Heisenberg
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Dear Steve,
Party
relatively hard!
-Al
The fundamental nature of forces: virtual particles
Et h Heisenberg E = mc2 Einstein
e-
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Force Source Range StrengthGravitation mass infinite 10-39
Electromagnetism Electriccharge
infinite 10-2
Strong nuclear Colorcharge
10-15 m 1
Weak nuclear Weakcharge
10-18 m 10-5
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quarks leptonsGauge bosons
u c t
d s b
e
e
W, Z, g, Gg
Hadrons
Baryons qqq qq mesons
p = uud
n = udd
K = us or us
= ud or ud
Strong interaction
nuclei
e
atomsElectromagnetic
interaction
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26
Strong color fieldEnergy grows with separation !!!E=mc2 !“white” proton
quark
quark-antiquark paircreated from vacuum
“white” proton(confined quarks)
“white” 0
(confined quarks)
Quantum Chromodynamics QCD
distance energy density, temperature
rela
tive
stre
ngth
asymptotic freedom
Why bare quarks have never been observed.
Thanks to Mike Lisa (OSU) for parts of this animation
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Much ado about NOTHING:Nothing is somethingNothing has energy Nothing interacts with something
-R. Kolb