Placement Liter Survey

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    LITERATURE SURVEY

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    Performance evaluation Tool

    (PeT)

    A Placement Management Software

    Guided by,

    Mrs. Jomy George

    Submitted by,

    Group 4

    Group members :

    Asha Joy :12

    Chinnu Priya J.V : 15

    Gokul Krishna : 19

    Kiran Heubert E.V : 26

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    Sreelekshmi .B : 46

    ABSTRACT

    This project is aimed at developing an application for the Training and Placement

    Department of the College. It could be accessed throughout the organization with

    proper login provided.

    The Placement Cell maintains a large database of students where all theinformation of student including the personal records, the academic performance in

    terms of the marks and grades along with evaluation of their extra-curricular

    activities. It also provides a requested list of candidates to recruit the students based

    on given query. This system allows Training and Placement Officers (TPO) of the

    college to manage the student information with regard to placement. Students logging

    should be able to upload student information. Thus it will manage the entire event of

    the placement related activities.

    The proposed software may be developed with visual c#.net as front end, it

    creates the GUI part of the software. SQL server as its back end, providing a secure

    and efficient database management.

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    CONTENTS

    Sl no: Title Page no

    1. INTRODUCTION 5

    2. EXISTING SYSTEM 6

    3. PROPOSED SYSTEM 7

    4. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 8

    5. DEVELOPING TOOLS 9

    6. MODULE DESCIPTION 21

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    1. INTRODUCTION

    In today's dynamically changing market building an effective career strategy

    becomes imperative. The Placement Assistance Cell is a resource for seeking career-

    related information that helps you take advantage of new or upcoming job

    opportunities.

    The assistance offered for all eligible students in a department. The students are

    normally provided Career Guidance and Placement Preparation Sessions. Students are

    assigned interviews with prospective employers based on their skill levels, aptitude

    and career aspirations.

    PET is a project is aimed at developing an offline application for the Placement

    Dept. of the college. The system can be throughout the various departments of the

    college.

    PET can be used as an application to manage the student information with regards

    to placement. Students logging should be able to upload their information in the form

    of a CV also.

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    2. EXISTING SYSTEM

    Now a day, Student joins the college for the placement as well as for better

    training for their future. But there is manual process in most of the colleges in going

    on. The present problem system is difficult for student as well as placement manager.

    Placement Manager has to take the resume /collect details manually from the

    departments that one burden maintaining the paper work. If any student got call forInterview placement manager has to inform to the student. This makes the

    disadvantages in accuracy and speed. Hence a new system is needed, so that the

    disadvantages may be overridden.

    Disadvantages:

    1. Present System is manual2. Lacks accuracy and speed

    3. Has to spend more time on search

    4. The system is less decision making

    5. Students gets poor assistance for placements.

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    3. PROPOSED SYSTEM

    The proposed system may overcome all the disadvantages of the existing system,

    by automating the system with computer software. We propose a new system as an

    application names PET, the placement management software. So whatever the

    information placement manager has to pass to the student he/she can inform. The

    system also involves advisors to update the student records and generate lists All the

    data send by the student which can be maintain in the database and if any interview

    call placement manager can be inform every student.

    Advantages:

    1. The system is prompt in giving better service to students

    2. It has the feature of informing daily activities to the students

    3. It evaluates the extra-curricular excellence of a student along with his/her

    academics

    4. It automatically generates curriculum vita of each student.

    5. It generates annual placement reports.

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    4. SYSYTEM REQUIREMENTS

    Hardware Specification:

    o Processor : Intel Dual Core or above

    o Speed : 1.8 GHZ

    o RAM : 1GB

    o Hard disk free space : 80 GB

    o Monitor : 15 LCD

    Software Specification:

    o Operating System : Microsoft Windows XP/7

    o Environment : .NET Framework

    o Front End : C#.NET

    o Back End : SQL Server 2005

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    5. DEVELOPING TOOL

    Front end: visual c#.net

    .NET framework an overview description

    The .NET Framework is an integral Windows component that supports building

    and running the next generation of applications and XML Web services. The .NET

    Framework is designed to fulfil the following objectives:

    To provide a consistent object-oriented programming environment whether

    object code is stored and executed locally, executed locally but Internet-

    distributed, or executed remotely.

    To provide a code-execution environment that minimizes software deployment

    and versioning conflicts. To provide a code-execution environment that promotes safe execution of

    code, including code created by an unknown or semi-trusted third party.

    To provide a code-execution environment that eliminates the performance

    problems of scripted or interpreted environments.

    To make the developer experience consistent across widely varying types of

    applications, such as Windows-based applications and Web-based

    applications.

    To build all communication on industry standards to ensure that code based on

    the .NET Framework can integrate with any other code.

    The .NET Framework has two main components: the common language runtime and

    the .NET Framework class library. The common language runtime is the foundation

    of the .NET Framework. You can think of the runtime as an agent that manages code

    at execution time, providing core services such as memory management, thread

    management, and remoting, while also enforcing strict type safety and other forms of

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    code accuracy that promote security and robustness. In fact, the concept of code

    management is a fundamental principle of the runtime. Code that targets the runtime

    is known as managed code, while code that does not target the runtime is known as

    unmanaged code. The class library, the other main component of the .NET

    Framework, is a comprehensive, object-oriented collection of reusable types that you

    can use to develop applications ranging from traditional command-line or graphical

    user interface (GUI) applications to applications based on the latest innovations

    provided by ASP.NET, such as Web Forms and XML Web services.

    The .NET Framework can be hosted by unmanaged components that load the

    common language runtime into their processes and initiate the execution of managed

    code, thereby creating a software environment that can exploit both managed and

    unmanaged features. The .NET Framework not only provides several runtime hosts,

    but also supports the development of third-party runtime hosts.

    .

    Features of the Common Language Runtime

    The common language runtime manages memory, thread execution, code execution,

    code safety verification, compilation, and other system services. These features are

    intrinsic to the managed code that runs on the common language runtime.

    With regards to security, managed components are awarded varying degrees of trust,

    depending on a number of factors that include their origin (such as the Internet,

    enterprise network, or local computer). This means that a managed component might

    or might not be able to perform file-access operations, registry-access operations, or

    other sensitive functions, even if it is being used in the same active application.

    The runtime enforces code access security. For example, users can trust that an

    executable embedded in a Web page can play an animation on screen or sing a song,

    but cannot access their personal data, file system, or network. The security features of

    the runtime thus enable legitimate Internet-deployed software to be exceptionally

    featuring rich.

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    The runtime also enforces code robustness by implementing a strict type-and-code-

    verification infrastructure called the common type system (CTS). The CTS ensures

    that all managed code is self-describing. The various Microsoft and third-party

    language compilers generate managed code that conforms to the CTS. This means

    that managed code can consume other managed types and instances, while strictly

    enforcing type fidelity and type safety.

    In addition, the managed environment of the runtime eliminates many common

    software issues. For example, the runtime automatically handles object layout and

    manages references to objects, releasing them when they are no longer being used.

    This automatic memory management resolves the two most common application

    errors, memory leaks and invalid memory references.

    The runtime also accelerates developer productivity. For example, programmers can

    write applications in their development language of choice, yet take full advantage of

    the runtime, the class library, and components written in other languages by other

    developers. Any compiler vendor who chooses to target the runtime can do so.

    Language compilers that target the .NET Framework make the features of the .NET

    Framework available to existing code written in that language, greatly easing the

    migration process for existing applications.

    While the runtime is designed for the software of the future, it also supports software

    of today and yesterday. Interoperability between managed and unmanaged code

    enables developers to continue to use necessary COM components and DLLs.

    The runtime is designed to enhance performance. Although the common language

    runtime provides many standard runtime services, managed code is never interpreted.A feature called just-in-time (JIT) compiling enables all managed code to run in the

    native machine language of the system on which it is executing. Meanwhile, the

    memory manager removes the possibilities of fragmented memory and increases

    memory locality-of-reference to further increase performance.

    Finally, the runtime can be hosted by high-performance, server-side applications, such

    as Microsoft SQL Server and Internet Information Services (IIS). This

    infrastructure enables you to use managed code to write your business logic, while

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    still enjoying the superior performance of the industry's best enterprise servers that

    support runtime hosting.

    .

    C sharp

    C# is a multi-paradigm programming language encompassing

    strong, imperative,declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and

    component programming disciplines. It was developed by Microsoft within its .NET

    initiative and later approved as a standard by ECMA (ECMA-334) and ISO (ISO/IEC

    23270). C# is one of the programming languages designed for the Common Language

    Infrastructure.

    C# is intended to be a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming

    language. Its development team is led by Anders Hejlsberg. The most recent version

    is C# 4.0, which was released on April 12, 2010.

    Features of C sharp

    By design, C# is the programming language that most directly reflects the

    underlying Common Language Infrastructure (CLI). Most of its intrinsic types

    correspond to value-types implemented by the CLI framework. However, the

    language specification does not state the code generation requirements of the

    compiler: that is, it does not state that a C# compiler must target a Common Language

    Runtime, or generate Common (CIL), or generate any other specific format.

    Theoretically, a C# compiler could generate machine code like traditional compilers

    of C++ orFORTRAN.

    Some notable features of C# that distinguish it from C and C++ (and Java, where

    noted) are:

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    It has no global variables or functions. All methods and members must be

    declared within classes. Static members of public classes can substitute for global

    variables and functions.

    Local variables cannot shadow variables of the enclosing block, unlike C andC++. Variable shadowing is often considered confusing by C++ texts.

    C# supports a strict Boolean data type, bool. Statements that take conditions,

    such as while and if, require an expression of a type that implements

    the true operator, such as the Boolean type. While C++ also has a Boolean type, it

    can be freely converted to and from integers, and expressions such as if

    (a) require only that a is convertible to bool, allowing a to be an int, or a pointer.

    C# disallows this "integer meaning true or false" approach, on the grounds that

    forcing programmers to use expressions that return exactly bool can prevent

    certain types of common programming mistakes in C or C++ such as if (a =

    b) (use of assignment = instead of equality ==).

    In C#, memory address pointers can only be used within blocks specifically

    marked as unsafe, and programs with unsafe code need appropriate permissions to

    run. Most object access is done through safe object references, which always

    either point to a "live" object or have the well-defined null value; it is impossible

    to obtain a reference to a "dead" object (one that has been garbage collected), or

    to a random block of memory. An unsafe pointer can point to an instance of a

    value-type, array, string, or a block of memory allocated on a stack. Code that is

    not marked as unsafe can still store and manipulate pointers through

    the System.IntPtr type, but it cannot dereference them.

    Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed; instead, it is automatically

    garbage collected. Garbage collection addresses the problem of memory by

    freeing the programmer of responsibility for releasing memory that is no longer

    needed.

    In addition to the try...catch construct to handle exceptions, C# has

    a try...finally construct to guarantee execution of the code in the finally block.

    Multiple inheritance is not supported, although a class can implement any

    number of interfaces. This was a design decision by the language's lead architect

    to avoid complication and simplify architectural requirements throughout CLI.

    C#, like C++, but unlike Java, supports operator overloading.

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    C# is more type safe than C++. The only implicit conversions by default are

    those that are considered safe, such as widening of integers. This is enforced at

    compile-time, during JIT, and, in some cases, at runtime. No implicit conversions

    occur between Booleans and integers, nor between enumeration members and

    integers (except for literal 0, which can be implicitly converted to any enumerated

    type). Any user-defined conversion must be explicitly marked as explicit or

    implicit, unlike C++ copy constructors and conversion operators, which are both

    implicit by default. Starting with version 4.0, C# supports a "dynamic" data type

    that enforces type checking at runtime only.

    Enumeration members are placed in their own scope.

    C# provides properties as syntactic sugarfor a common pattern in which a pair

    of methods, accessor (getter) and mutator (setter)encapsulate operations on a

    single attribute of a class.

    Full type reflection and discovery is available.

    Checked exceptions are not present in C# (in contrast to Java). This has been a

    conscious decision based on the issues of scalability and version ability.[25]

    Back end: SQL server

    Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database server, developed by Microsoft:

    It is a software product whose primary function is to store and retrieve data as

    requested by other software applications, be it those on the same computer or those

    running on another computer across a network (including the Internet). There are at

    least a dozen different editions of Microsoft SQL Server aimed at different audiencesand for different workloads (ranging from small applications that store and retrieve

    data on the same computer, to millions of users and computers that access huge

    amounts of data from the Internet at the same time).

    True to its namesake, Microsoft SQL Server's primary query languages are T-

    SQL and ANSI SQL.

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    SQL Server 2005

    SQL Server 2005 (codename Yukon), released in October 2005, is the successor to

    SQL Server 2000. It included native support for managing XML data, in addition

    to relational data. For this purpose, it defined an xml data type that could be used

    either as a data type in database columns or as literals in queries. XML columns can

    be associated with XSD schemas; XML data being stored is verified against the

    schema. XML is converted to an internal binary data type before being stored in the

    database. Specialized indexing methods were made available for XML data. XML

    data is queried using X Query; Common Language Runtime (CLR) integration was a

    main feature with this edition, enabling one to write SQL code as Managed Code by

    the CLR. SQL Server 2005 added some extensions to the T-SQL language to allow

    embedding X Query queries in T-SQL. In addition, it also defines a new extension to

    X Query, called XML DML that allows query-based modifications to XML data. SQL

    Server 2005 also allows a database server to be exposed overweb

    services using Tabular Data Stream (TDS) packets encapsulated within SOAP

    (protocol) requests. When the data is accessed over web services, results are returned

    as XML.

    For relational data, T-SQL has been augmented with error handling features

    (try/catch) and support for recursive queries with CTEs (Common Table

    Expressions). SQL Server 2005 has also been enhanced with new indexing

    algorithms, syntax and better error recovery systems. Data pages are check

    summed for better error resiliency, and optimistic concurrency support has been

    added for better performance. Permissions and access control have been made more

    granular and the query processor handles concurrent execution of queries in a more

    efficient way. Partitions on tables and indexes are supported natively, so scaling out a

    database onto a clusteris easier. SQL CLR was introduced with SQL Server 2005 to

    let it integrate with the .NET Framework.

    SQL Server 2005 introduced "MARS" (Multiple Active Results Sets), a method of

    allowing usage of database connections for multiple purposes.

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    SQL Server 2005 introduced DMVs (Dynamic Management Views), which are

    specialized views and functions that return server state information that can be used to

    monitor the health of a server instance, diagnose problems, and tune performance.

    SQL Server 2005 introduced Database Mirroring, but it was not fully supported until

    the first Service Pack release (SP1). In the initial release (RTM) of SQL Server 2005,

    database mirroring was available, but unsupported. In order to implement database

    mirroring in the RTM version, you had to apply trace flag 1400 at start-up. Database

    mirroring is a high availability option that provides redundancy and failover

    capabilities at the database level. Failover can be performed manually or can be

    configured for automatic failover. Automatic failover requires a witness partner and

    an operating mode of synchronous (also known as high-safety or full safety).

    General Information about Databases

    When you select a database node in the tree, a non-editable General page appears on

    the right where you can view information about the host, port, SID, TNS descriptors,

    setup information (Oracle Home and Listeners), and Operating System information.

    Comprehensive Overview Pages

    When you select any of these database features, a brief description of the feature

    appears in the comprehensive overview page on the right side of the Console.

    Depending on the feature, the page may contain a link to obtain more information, or

    to start a process, or a button to launch the related Quick Tour or Help screen.

    Property Sheets

    When relevant, if you select an object in the tree, a property sheet appears on the right

    where you can view or edit database properties. Wizards also display tree views and

    property sheets as necessary.

    Multi-Column Lists

    In most cases when you select any of the database features such as Schema (with theexception of Advanced Queues), Instance, and so on, a multi-column list of all the

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    folder's objects appears on the right side of the Console, providing a quick summary

    of information about each object in the selected folder.

    Database Version Awareness

    All database features and wizards are aware of the features that are available in each

    database version. When you select a database in a tree view, the tool only displays

    objects and properties that are enabled in that database version.

    Database Reports

    You can extract information from the database such as object definitions, object

    dependencies, database configuration, or reports, including custom SQL queries.

    Logging of Database Changes

    You can now log all Data Definition Language (DDL) and Data Manipulation

    Language (DML) changes made by an application when connected to a database.

    Showing Object DDL

    Data Definition Language (DDL) commands set up the data such as creating and

    altering databases and tables. You can display the Data Definition DDL for objects.

    Show SQL

    Though one of the benefits of Enterprise Manager is that DBA tasks can be performed

    without manually entering SQL, you do have the option of viewing the SQL code

    generated for you. By selecting Show SQL button, you can review this code before

    implementing any changes, as well as copy and paste it into your own SQL scripts if

    you wish.

    Show Dependencies

    Database object dependencies and dependents can be viewed by right-mouse clicking

    an object in the tree view and choosing Show Dependencies. Dependencies show

    what the selected object depends on, such as the table space location and the owner of

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    the selected object. Dependents rely on the selected object, such as which indexes will

    be dropped and which synonyms will be affected if you drop the selected object.

    DB Search Capabilities

    Database Search allows you to search for any object in a database given a flexible set

    of criteria:

    Names of the objects that you want to find. You can enter wild card characters

    for the object name.

    Database that you want to search.

    Object types that you want to include in the search.

    Schemas that you want to include in the search.

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    6. MODULE DESCRIPTION

    The Placement management System is the ultimate resource for colleges to

    carry out the functionalities in selecting students, training and offering them good jobs.

    The system is mainly operated with 5 levels of users- Admin, Management, Department

    heads, Class Advisors and Students

    ADMIN MODULE

    1) Recruitment entry:

    The various companies perform recruitment drives, to select students under various

    streams. The date and time of recruitment, venue, eligibility and educational

    qualifications etc are entered.

    2) Login/Account creation:

    This option helps the admin to create accounts for further users like advisors, student.

    The advisor may be in class level and department.

    3) List generation:

    The admin may generate a list of eligible candidates and will be forwarded to the

    companies. The list is the final output of the criteria and qualification application on

    student database.

    4) Result Entry:

    Through this option, admin will enter the details of students passed in the recruitment

    drive. The data will be used for further recruitment drives.

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    MANAGEMENT

    The college management has a provision to view all the data in the database, can view

    the CV generated for each student and can view the annual report of the placement cell.

    DEPARTMENT ADVISOR

    1) Account Management:

    This option helps department advisors to create class advisors. Every class advisor gets

    a username and password. The data will be used to login to the system.

    2) Data Verification:

    The advisor may verify the data provided by the class advisor. It will update the status

    of the records, so that such records will be forwarded for student election. The verified

    records will be forwarded to admin.

    CLASS ADVISOR

    1) Student Data Management:

    The data of every student is verified/updated through this section. The data is really

    entered by the students. Class advisor will only verify and update it. Full profile like

    educational history, family details and other activities are included for updating. Class

    advisor has the editing provision too.

    2) Student account management

    The very basic record of a student is created by the class advisor, the record just

    contains roll no, admission no, name etc. A username and password will also be

    generated and delivered to the student.

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    STUDENT MODULE

    The ultimate user of the Placement Evaluation Tool is the students. They have the

    following options

    1) Profile Entry :

    The family details, educational history, extracurricular activities etc are entered

    through this section. The data entered by the student will go into a pending state

    and it will be approved only after verification by the class admin.

    2) Result View :

    The results of various placement drives are viewed through this.

    3) Eligible list :

    Students can view the eligible student list for each placement drives