LETTES fA Poet's "Educain"; C. A. Lave; Occupationi iCancerRisk: J P. Rall;:HyothesisTesting: L.,G. Humphreys; Al. Susser andZ. A.,Stein;

Women and Science Editorials:R. S. Albin; Alask LidsBE. Cook; S. Luttich; ColectW's Issue?: T. Ng.

jDMi@A& -Counseling the Young: L. W. Sells ...

224

231

ATI¢CLS Energy Resources Available to the United States, 1985 to 2000: E. T. Hayes..::0 - -X Frontirs in Psysics.V. F. Weisskopf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0. .Contemporary,Frontiers in Physics: . F.Wis f240,

NESAmQ UI WthShorter Stays for Legislators, Bigger Staffs'. Who'll Run Congress9 .attelle Forecasts He G forR & in 1979 ..48AIlpduistry Study ofTSCA: How to Achieve Credibility9. . . . . .. . ..

Heroin Study at Geogetown . . . .'4,:Hughes Medical "Institute" Breaks Quarter Century of Silence . . .

-Briefng: Medical Students at Record High; CarterOrders EnvironmentalReview of U.S. Projects Abroad; Physicians Sued for FailingtoGive Genetic Counseling. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Policy Review Boosts Solar as a Near-Term Energy Option . . . . . . . . . . . . .

*EAaR urn Crown Gall Disease: Nature as Genetic Engineer. . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

East Coast Mystery Booms: Mystery Gone But Booms LingerOn. . . . .2...

BOOK REVIEWS Cancer in China, reviewed by G. N. Stemmerman; Explorations inEthnoarchaeology, B. Hayden; Cognitive Processes in Comprehension,J. M. Mandler; Estuarine Transport Processes, R. T. Cheng;Books Received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

REPORTS Activation Volume for Creep in the Upper Mantle: J. V. Ross,H. G. Ave'Lallemant, N. L. Carter .... . . . . . . . . ... . 261

Neutron Scattering of Solution-Grown Polymer Crystals: MolecularDimensions Are Insensitive to Molecular Weight: D. M. Sadler and A. Keller . 263

In vitro Model for Stretch-Induced Hypertrophy of Skeletal Muscle:H. Vandenburgh and S. Kaufman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Phycomyces: Modification of Spiral Growth after Mechanical Conditioning ofthe Cell Wall: R. I. Gamow and B. Bottger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Harmonic-Sensitive Neurons in the Auditory Cortex of the Mustache Bat:N. Suga, W. E. O'Neill, T. Manabe ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

Psychophysical Evidence for a Monocular Visual Cortex in Stereoblind Humans:R. Blake and R. H. Cormack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Evidence Against a Role of Acetaldehyde in Electroencephalographic Signs ofEthanol-Induced Intoxication: J. A. Mikeska and W. R. Klemm . . . . . . . . . 276

Stimulation ofHuman Periaqueductal Gray for Pain Relief IncreasesImmunoreactive ,8-Endorphin in Ventricular Fluid: Y. Hosobuchi et al. 279

Intracerebral Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Mediates Novelty-Induced Groomingin the Rat: A. J. Dunn, E. J. Green, R. L. Isaacson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Accumulation of a Tetrahydroisoquinoline in Phenylketonuria: J. M. Lasalaand C. J. Coscia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

PRODUCTSAND Programmable Sequencer; Gas Chromatograph; Microscope Photometer;pH Meter;MATERIALS Sendai Vaccine; Carboxylic Acid Analyzer; Microanalytic Balance;

Literature.. . .. 285

COVER

Artist's concept of distribution prob-lems brought about by decreasingavailability of petroleum. Petroleum re-sources are finite, and this will even-tually place restrictions on end uses.See page 233. [Stephen Shepherd, Sil-ver Spring, Maryland]

19 January 1979, Volume 203, Number 4377

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CoulTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCEScience serves its readers as a forum for the presenta- You]

tion and discussion of important issues related to the ad- informvancement of science, including the presentation of mi-nority or conflicting points of view, rather than by pub- profes;lishing only matenal on which a consensus has been considreached. Accordingly, all articles published in Science-including editorials, news and comment, and book re- high SCviews-are signed and reflect the individual views of theauthors and not official points of view adopted by the sure, pAAAS or the institutions with which the authors are af- Theffliated. relativ4

Editorial Board dents.1979: E. PETER GEIDUSCHEK, WARD GOODENOUGH,

N. BRUCE HANNAY, MARTIN J. KLEIN, FRANKLIN A. contexLONG, NEAL E. MILLER, JEFFREY J. WINE Ironica1980: RICHARD E. BALZHISER, WALLACE S. BROE-CKER, CLEMENT L. MARKERT, FRANK W. PUTNAM, BRY- mand IANT W. ROSSITER, VERA C. RUBIN, MAXINE F. SINGER, mand,PAUL E. WAGGONER, F. KARL WILLENBROCK

rationsPublasher

WILLIAM D. CAREY In thEditor an exc

PHILIP H. ABELSON Profes]EdItorial Staff motiva

Managing Editor Business Manager provid]ROBERT V. ORMES HANS NUSSBAUM rescue

Assistant Managing Editor Production Editor studeniJOHN E. RINGLE ELLEN E. MURPHYNews Editor: BARBARA J. CULLITON ReacNews and Comment: WILLIAM J. BROAD, LUTHER J. fective

CARTER, CONSTANCE HOLDEN, ELIOT MARSHALL,DEBORAH SHAPLEY, R. JEFFREY SMITH, NICHOLAS own reWADE, JOHN WALSH. Editorial Assistant, SCHERRAINE and sciMACKResearch News: BEVERLY KARPLUS HARTLINE, and gel

FREDERICK F. HARTLINE, RICHARD A. KERR, GINA knowBARI KOLATA, JEAN L. MARX, THOMAS H. MAUGH II,ARTHUR L. ROBINSON. Editorial Assistant, FANNIE if oneGROOMConsulting Editor: ALLEN L. HAMMOND of theAssociate Editors: ELEANORE BUTZ, MARY DORF- engine

MAN, SYLVIA EBERHART, JUDITH GOTTLIEB, RUTH culusKULSTAD culus rAssistant Editors: CAITILIN GORDON, Lois SCHMITT, managi

DIANE TURKINBook Reviews: KATHERINE LIVINGSTON, Editor; plannir

LINDA HEISERMAN, JANET KEG that onLetters: CHRISTINE KARLIKCopy Editor: ISABELLA BOULDIN backgrProduction: NANCY HARTNAGEL, JOHN BAKER; YA one-ha]Li SWIGART, HOLLY BISHOP, ELEANOR WARNER;

JEAN ROCKWOOD, LEAH RYAN, SHARON RYAN major.Covers, Reprints, and Permissions: GRAYCE FINGER, Furt]

Editor; CORRINE HARRIS, MARGARET LLOYDGuide to Scientific Instruments: RICHARD SOMMER equalizAssistant to the Editors: RICHARD SEMIKLOSEMembership Recruitment: GWENDOLYN HUDDLE UniverMember and Subscription Records: ANN RAGLAND men hE

EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE: 1515 Massachu- only 31setts Ave., NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Area code202. General Editorial Office, 467-4350; Book Reviews, black i467-4367; Guide to Scientific Instruments, 467-4480;News and Comment, 467-4430; Reprints and Per- womenmissions, 4674483; Research News, 4674321; Cable: maticsAdvancesci, Washington. For "Instructions for Contrib-utors," write the editorial office or see page xi, Science, ference29 September 1978. as wellBUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE: Area Code 202.Business Office, 467-4411; Circulation, 467-4417. Equa

Advertsing Representatives in whicDirector: EARL J. SCHERAGO opportlProduction Manager: MARGARET STERLINGAdvertising Sales Manager: RICHARD L. CHARLES mnorlMarketing Manager: HERBERT L. BURKLUND scientis

Sales: NEW YORK, N.Y. 10036: Steve Hamburger, 1515 TheBroadway (212-730-1050); SCOTCH PLAINS, N.J. 07076:C. Richard Callis, 12 Unami Lane (201-889-4873); CHI- youngCAGO, ILL. 60611: Jack Ryan, Room 2107, 919 N. Mich-igan Ave. (312-DE-7-4973); BEVERLY HILLS, CALIF. your oi90211: Winn Nance, 111 N. La Cienega Blvd. (213-657- W. SEI2772); DORSET, VT. 05251: Fred W. Dieffenbach, KentHill Rd. (802-867-5581) 1181 ElADVERTISING CORRESPONDENCE: Tenth floor,1515 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10036. Phone: 212- *Placeme730-1050. lege Park

SCIENCE

nseling the Youngng people have access to two networks of counselors to provide theation they need for career choices. The first is the formal network ofsional teachers and counselors at school. This group is frequentlylered to influence the allocation of students to courses and tracks inchool. Ironically, it considers itself helpless in the face of peer pres-parental pressure, and societal pressure to merely "get by."second network of counselors is the informal one of peers, parents,es, neighbors, and other people who serve as role models for stu-This group is a constant source of influence and information in a

ct of greater legitimacy and credibility than that of the professionals.ally, it suffers from lack of accurate information on supply and de-in the labor force, the kinds of courses needed to meet current de-and the curriculum best fitted for the particular student's needs, aspi-s, and abilities.ie past, the two counseling networks have dissipated their energies in:hange of recriminations for failure to meet the needs of students.sionals have blamed the home and society for the students' lack ofition. Parents and families have shifted blame back to the schools forling information that is inaccurate, out-of-date, or delivered too late tohigh school students from the noncollege track, and college-bound

Its from the nonscience track.ders of Science have a special opportunity to contribute to the ef-ness of counseling of the young, both as informal counselors to ourlatives and friends and as formal or informal counselors to educatorshool board members. We know the importance of high school algebraometry for technical jobs that do not require a college degree. Wethe importance of four full years of high school mathematicsis to survive in freshman calculus. And we know the importance"hard" calculus sequence in college for careers in the sciences andering. Less well known is the requirement for the "soft" cal-sequence at the undergraduate level for careers in business and;ement and in economics. For instance, a recent survey of companiesng to recruit employees at a University of Maryland campus showedily 16 percent were looking for new employees without a calculus^ound; one-third were looking for at least a soft calculus sequence andLlf were looking for a hard calculus sequence in the undergraduate

:her, the high school mathematics filter has important implications forzing employment opportunities. A study of entering freshmen at thersity of Maryland in the fall of 1977 showed that 63 percent of whitead 3.5 years of precalculus high school mathematics, compared toI percent of white women, 27 percent of black men, and 19 percent ofwomen. Increasing employment opportunities for minorities andi clearly depends on providing them with maximal high school mathe-skills so that they will have access to the calculus sequence. Dif-es in achievement in mathematics represent a loss of human potentialI as ineffective utilization of scarce educational tax dollars.alizing access to high school mathematics skills will create a situation:h everyone wins: students and their families seeking to expand careerunities, colleges and universities seeking to expand opportunities forties and women, and employers seeking to meet the needs for morests and technicians.critical message for formal and informal counselors to share with theis that minimal competence means minimal job opportunities: keepptions open by maximizing your competence in mathematics. -LucYLLS, Consultant in Educational Research and Affirmative Action,'uclid Avenue, Berkeley, California 94708 X9) -O3zoent Manual, Spring 1978 (Office of Career Development, {University of Maryland, Col-k, 1978).