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Green Solutions to Rural Telephony

(Solar & Solar-Wind Hybrid Systems )

P. K. Panigrahi


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Introduction

Growth in Telecom Sector

Fastest growing and Second largest mobile network in theWorld.

Average addition of 15 million subscribers per month.

Current subscriber base of over 653 million.

Broadband connections 9.24 Million

Overall tele-density has reached over 55%.

Rural tele-density is at 25.66%. 2


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Growth in Telecom Sector

TelephoneSubscribers 653.9 million

Wireline Subscribers 36.4 million

Wireless Subscriber

617.5 millionBroadband 9.24 million


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Tele-density for the last 15 years

4

Year

Teledensity

Overall1996 1.28

2000 2.86

2005 8.952010 55.38


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DOT Initiatives in Rural Telephony

Dept. of Telecom is providing subsidy support from USOFund in setting up BTS infrastructure for extending fixed

wireless or the mobile coverage in the rural and remoteareas.

8000 villages having population of 2000 or more have beenextended mobile coverage with USOF subsidy support .

11,000 more villages or group of villages in remote areashaving population of 500 or more being provided with bothMobile and Broadband services @ 512 Kbps and above.


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Challenges in Rural Telephony

One of the major challenge in rural India is thedismal state of Rural Electrification

More than one lakh villages still remain to beelectrified In some cases the grid is far away Electrified villages do not receive reliable & quality

supply.

Poor power quality causes data loss and data errorsin communication net-work equipments.

We necessarily invest in providing back up optionsfor rural BTS


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Two of the most common alternate

power solutions

DG Set Transportation, storage, pilferage, high cost of

diesel pose major hurdles in operating DG sets.

Causes pollution (environmental & noise)

Inverter-Battery Systems Low voltage and intermittent supply of electricity

renders inverter-battery ineffective and batterydoesnt gets fully charged due to unreliablesupply of grid.


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Carbon Emission at Mobile Tower Sites

Mobile Towers : 4.25 lacks

Rural Towers : 1.25 lacks

Power Requirement : 2 - 6 KW

DG set : 15/20 KVA

Diesel Consumption : 2 billon litres per annum

1 litre diesel emits : 2.68 Kg of CO2

Mobile Towers generating : millions of tons of carbon


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Dept of Telecom has undertaken pilotprojects of non-conventional energysources solar/ solar-wind Hybridsystem to power mobile towers in ruralareas

This will result in less pollution and fuelsavings along with reduced carbon footprint.

Green initiatives in rural telephony


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Specifications of SPV

Solar Modules 150 Wp

Cell efficiency > 14% Module efficency > 13%

Life : 15-20 Years

Installation : South facing , placement angleas per latitude of the place( Delhi : 29o )

1 KWp : 10-12 m2, 3.5-4 Units/day, Rs 2.5 lakhs


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Aero-generator rating : 3-5 KW

Supply output : 42-58 V regulated DCStart up/ Cut in speed : 3 m/s

Blade : 2/3

Blade material : Glass/carbon fiberreinforced plastic

Height : 20 mtr

Weight

1 KW : 3 Units/da , Rs 1 lakh

: 90 Kg

Specifications of WTG


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Proposed System with Renewable

Energy Solutions

System designed to draw 48 volt DC powerfrom the solar cells

Centralized power plant, battery bank, SPV

2-7 hrs DG operation

System consists of

A Solar PV panel ( 10 KWp) Wind Turbine Generator ( 5 KW)

Battery (48 V, 2500 AH) Tubular VRLA Gel battery

Charge Control Unit(CCU)


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SPV Calculations

Eqpt.Load

SPV(Standalone)

SPV + DG(2-7 Hrs)

Areareqd.(12m2/KWp)

Cost(Rs.250/Wp)Rs. Lakhs

2 KW 15 KWp 7.5 KWp 90 m2 19

3 KW 22 KWp 11 KWp 130 m2 28

4 KW 30 KWp 15 KWp 180 m2 38

6 KW 44 KWp 22 KWp 250 m2 55


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DieselGenerator

Battery

Wind

Turbine

Solar

PV

Master Controller

RemoteMonitoringthru internet

Output Power


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Battery

S ta tus(A

H)

Daily

Consump

tion(AH)

S P V (AH) B ala nc e

(AH)

Deficienc

y to be

catered

by DG(AH)

DG

(Amps)

DG Hrs

2500 1440 833 1893 607 283.33 2.14

3 K W L oad - 10 K Wp S P V, 2500 AH B attery

2500

1440

833

1893

607

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1 2 3 4 5


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Load 2 KW10 KWp solar system

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1st day 2nd day 3rd day 4th day

Battery (AH) Daily Consumption (AH)SPV (AH) Balance

Depending upon the set value of Depth of discharge (DOD), DG set can be operated

for 20% DOD : DG set is to be operated on 4th

day


day


day


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DG Operation HoursSPV : 10 KWp, Battery : 2500 AH, DG Set : 20 KVA

Eqpt.Load

DG operation fordaily top up ofbattery

DG operationconsidering 60%DOD

2 KW 0.5 Hrs Once in 12 days



6 KW 7.2 Hrs Every Day


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Cost Comparison

DG set operation (24 x 7)

&

Renewable Energy


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Option-I: 10 KWp SPV

COST COMPARISON OF RUNNING THE EQUIPMENT ON DG SET & SPV

Existing Proposed

24 Hrs. DG Operation Load - 3 KW

4 Lt/hr - Rs. 38 /lt SPV- 10 KW

Daily DG operation : 2.1 Hrs

Capital Cost - 25 Lakhs

Loan @ 13.75% for 7 yrs

Costing for 7 years,

10% inflation / year

Year Diesel Cost Diesel Cost Installment InterestTotal

outflow Benefit Cumulative

( Rs.- Lakhs)( Rs.-Lakhs)

( Rs.-Lakhs)

( Rs.-Lakhs)

( Rs.-Lakhs) Benefit

1 13.32 1.17 3.57 3.44 8.17 5.14 5.14

2 14.65 1.28 3.57 2.95 7.80 6.85 11.99

3 16.11 1.41 3.57 2.46 7.44 8.67 20.664 17.72 1.55 3.57 1.96 7.09 10.64 31.30

5 19.49 1.71 3.57 1.47 6.75 12.74 44.04

6 21.44 1.88 3.57 0.98 6.43 15.01 59.06

7 23.59 2.06 3.57 0.49 6.13 17.46 76.52

Pay Back Period : 3.5 Yrs (approx.)


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Option-II: 10 KWp SPV + 5 KWp WTG

COST COMPARISON OF RUNNING THE EQUIPMENT ON DG SET and Hybrid RE

Existing Proposed

24 Hrs. DG Operation Load 3 KW

4 Lt/hr - Rs. 38 /lt SPV 10 KW

WTG 5 KWNo DG operation

Capital Cost - 30 Lakhs

Costing for 7 years, Loan @ 13.75% for 7 yrs

10% inflation / year

Year Diesel CostDieselCost Installment Interest

Totaloutflow Benefit Cumulative

( Rs.- Lakhs)( Rs.-

Lakhs) ( Rs.- Lakhs)( Rs.-

Lakhs)( Rs.-

Lakhs) Benefit

1 13.32 0.00 4.29 4.13 8.41 4.90 4.90

2 14.65 0.00 4.29 3.54 7.82 6.83 11.73

3 16.11 0.00 4.29 2.95 7.23 8.88 20.61

4 17.72 0.00 4.29 2.36 6.64 11.08 31.69

5 19.49 0.00 4.29 1.77 6.05 13.44 45.14

6 21.44 0.00 4.29 1.18 5.46 15.98 61.12

7 23.59 0.00 4.29 0.59 4.87 18.72 79.84

Pay Back Period : 4 Yrs (approx.)


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RE Pilot Projects in USOF Ph-I sitesS.No State Project IP

1. Gujarat Hybrid BSNL

2. Andhra Pradesh Hybrid GTL

3. Karnataka Hybrid BSNL4. Tamil Nadu Hybrid BSNL

5. M.P Hybrid BSNL

6. Maharashtra Hybrid BSNL

7. Orissa Hybrid BSNL

8. Rajasthan Solar BSNL

9. Himachal Pradesh Solar BSNL

10. Punjab Solar BSNL

11. W.Bengal Solar BSNL

12. Uttaranchal Solar BSNL

13. U.P(E) Solar GTL

14. Bihar Solar BSNL

15. Haryana Solar BSNL

16. J&K Solar BSNL

17. Jharkhand Solar BSNL

18. Kerala Solar RCIL

19. Chhattisgarh Solar BSNL

20. U.P(W) Solar QTIL21. Arunachal Pradesh Solar BSNL

22. Manipur Solar BSNL

23. Nagaland Solar BSNL

24. Tripura Solar BSNL

25. Meghalaya Solar KEC

26. Mizoram Solar KEC

27. Sikkim Solar VSEL

28. Assam Solar RCIL


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Other Green Initiatives

Switching Equipment

Solar Mobile Charger

High Sensible heat AC units

Energy conservation measures andStandardization of Products


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Switching Equipment

Power saving is achieved by

Switching equipment : more tolerant climate range

Energy efficient, dissipate minimal heat

No air-conditioning is required and the switchingsites are fresh air cooled.

Switching equipment uses 3 power mode (full, lowpower, sleep)

instead of single power mode i.e. full power


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Solar Mobile Charger

Solar Mobile Chargers provided in

unelectrified villages. System consists of :

80 Wp SPV Module

60 AH, 12 V Battery

10 mobile phone charging ports


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High Sensible heat AC units

Dept. Of Telecom developed High Sensible

AC units for use in telecom installations. 0.95 Sensible heat factor

Provision of re-heat

Dehumidification feature

Variable/ Two speed condenser fan motor

30% energy savings achieved


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Energy conservation measures and

Standardization of Products

Benchmarking

Units/line/month

Rs./line/month

No Cost/ Low Cost Measures

Standardization of AC units, Battery,SMPS, Lighting fixtures etc


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Converting solar/wind renewable energy in to electricityis an answer to the mounting power problems in rural areas.

Its suitability for decentralized applications and itsenvironment-friendly nature make it an attractive optionto supplement the energy supply from other sources.

With the installation of Solar Photovoltaic Cells, much ofthe rural power needs could be met, adequately cuttingdown harmful greenhouse gases.

Conclusion


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THANK YOU

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