p+kd eknqj Works (Kashmiri)/5.pdf · Roy's mother, when asked about the latent talent of her...

p+k]d ek]nqj

e-d-jSuk

tsók módúr by M.K. Raina

Kashmir News Network ii http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html

Dedicated to

Bobuji

My father


Kashmir News Network iii http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html

¬

uekfe Roka 'kkjnk nso°] egkHkkx° Hkxorhe~

d'ehj iqjokflu°] fo|k nkf;uhe~

j{k eke~ j{k eke~A

uekfe Roke~A


Kashmir News Network http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html iv

Book : ]®ççôkçÀ cççôoáj

Author : M. K. Raina First Edition : January 2004 Price : Rs. 50.00 Printed at : Sharada Printers Vasai 401 202. Published by : Expressions Printers & Publishers Ground Floor, Pushp Vihar, Shastri Nagar, Vasai Road (W), Dist. Thane 401 202, Maharashtra. © M.K.Raina. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, except for criticism or review in print or electronic media, without the explicit permission of the author.


Kashmir News Network v http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html

CCoonntteennttss

Preface

Foreword

About the Author

nJçç@u³ç¿çLç

yçç@lçáuç

oçjònçíj

JçìòKçÓj

Hçæs

vç@mççÇnLç


Kashmir News Network http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html vi

tsók módúr

11 PPrreeffaaccee Kashmiri literature has been enriched by many a writer of repute from a long time, but post independence period saw a flurry of young and enthusiastic playwrights and story writers, to whom I have always looked up to. My intrinsic urge to write stories and poems was fortified when some of my earlier compositions were accepted for publication by the Srinagar Times (Srinagar) in late eighties and Koshur Samachar (Delhi) in late nineties. The dormant cinders were suddenly ignited in the post-exodus era and ever since I have been following my instinctive influence to write seriously. 'tsók módúr' is my maiden attempt to consolidate my six short stories which are more based on the realities of our life. The stories contained in this volume, mostly depict the emotional part of Kashmiri psyche. We rarely forget the time when agonies and bad luck befall, not only on us, but also on others, even remotely connected to us. We have always worried when some unfortunate incident took place even in our neighbourhood, be it a Muslim or a Pandit family. We were a class who would not make merry on our achievements as much as we would bereave on other's agonies. We always tried to share other's grief. So be it he, you or me suffering, we all shared it. And such incidents have imprinted a non-fading seal on my psyche, which is the quintessence of my stories. While working on the 'Basic Reader for Kashmiri Language' for Project Zaan, we evolved an Indo-Roman script, to enable those people to read Kashmiri who are not well versed with the Devanagari. I have utilised the same type in this book, to reproduce the stories, for benefit of such readers. This enables me to promote this type, side by side with the Devanagri-Kashmiri, as my bit of contribution towards furthering the cause of the Kashmiri language. A key to reading both Devanagari-Kashmiri as well as Indo-Roman texts, is given at the start of the book. I am not writing this 'Preface' in Kashmiri for a reason. General masses do not seem to be much interested in reading a book written in Kashmiri. So I would like the people to go at least through this ‘Preface’ to know the background, my stories are based on. May be, after that, they feel like reading a few pages into the book. I must record here my deep gratitude to Shri J.L. Manwati for making an indepth study of the stories and their characters, and also for writing an illuminating Foreword to the book.

M. K. Raina E-mail: [email protected]

Basant Panchmi January 26th 2004.

Kashmir News Network http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html 1



22 FFoorreewwoorrdd " ..... an inquisitive mind, a restive soul and a sensitive psyche, had from the very childhood made an indelible mark on my daughter, which, after so many years, helped her to describe vividly, the childhood memories in her award-winning book The God of Small Things", remarked Arundhati Roy's mother, when asked about the latent talent of her daughter. Very true, it is only the yearning sensitive soul which can get enveloped into ecstasy or remorse mode, which manifests itself through pen, either in prose or in poetry. tsók módúr is a collection of six short stories in Kashmiri, authored by Shri M.K.Raina, a civil engineer by profession, whose childhood passion and flair for writing saw its fruition after his sensitive soul was lacerated by the exodus of Pandits from Kashmir. Yet, the Volume has rightly been titled as 'Sweet & Sour' because the soul of the author even now harbours 'sweet' memories of 'Batta-Musalman' relationship, though turned 'sour' now, yet he refrains to term the memories as 'bitter'. The content-fabric of the stories of the Volume may have the weave of fiction, but the weft strongly draws upon the emotive and sensitive nature of human beings. Whether it is the character of an elderly person 'Sáháb' who doesn't hesitate to cheat innocent school children in nåsìhath; or Shåfìqa's middle class mentality to show off, and young Jìlà's bragging to impress the less-privileged village youth in vatûkhùr; or gullibility of womenfolk getting cheated by smart con-men and unflinching faith of Sônûbatani in the miracles of Jàn Säb as in patsh; or the inherent characteristics of jealousy and envy between sisters-in-law and flow of human milk of an adopted son Kúmàr Jì over the curt behaviour of the real son Shàdì Làl towards his parents under the influence of his wife, as in dàrûhòr; or the uncompromising relation of 'Saas & Bahu' in havälihêth and ultimate realisation of Lìlàvåtì - the 'Saas' about the caring nature of her 'Bahu'; or human character of shunning away from friends and relations in adversity and the belief of Kamàl Säb that 'no one is born bad, but circumstances make him so', as in bätúl - reveal that the characters of all the stories are not fictionalised but earthly and mundane in nature. This art of 'prose-narration' of the author in chaste Kashmiri language makes a reader feel that he is 'somewhere and somehow' related to the characters of these stories. Another quite discernible trait of the author is his skill of blending of sub-plots with the main plot of the story, which, without any exhaustive parenthetic explanation, has helped the author to metamorphose his stories into a running and engrossing narration. Here, perhaps, engineering background of the author has helped him to achieve the right mix of empirical sense of human emotional characterisation with intensity of sensibilities and susceptibilities, which is the cementing force of the characters. tsók-módúr - the maiden collection of Shri M.K.Raina needs to be read, assimilated and enjoyed, for it comes as a whiff of fresh air in the world of Kashmiri literature. J. L. Manwati Mumbai

tsók módúr

33 AAbboouutt tthhee AAuutthhoorr

Sh. M. K. Raina

Born on 10th February 1948, at Chhattabal, Srinagar, Kashmir, Shri Maharaj Krishen Raina (MKR) is a civil engineer by profession. Having worked in his professional capacity at Baramulla in J&K Flood Control Deptt, at Uri in Uri Hydel Project, at Kangan in Civil




Investigation wing of Power Development Deptt, and finally on Upper Sindh Hydel Project – Phase-II at Kangan and Sumbhal, MKR migrated to Jammu in February 1990 at the height of militancy in the Valley. In 1995, he shifted along with his family to Mumbai for a peaceful living and for providing better education to his children. Born to Smt. Shamrani Raina and Shri Shamboo Nath Raina, MKR is the second child of his parents. He has one elder sister Usha Razdan (W/o Shri Jawahar Lal Razdan, settled in Mumbai), two younger sisters (Lalita Koul W/o Shri Maharaj Krishen Koul and Sarla Bhat, W/o Shri Ashok Bhat, both settled post-exodus in Jammu) and a younger brother (Rajinder Raina, settled post-exodus in Mumbai). MKR lost his father in 1959 at a very young age, when MKR himself was only 11 years old. Left without any regular income, mother Shamrani took up the challenge and worked hard for the survival of her children against all odds. The courageous lady did not allow her children to think even for a while, that they were without a father. And she succeeded in providing good education to her children and bring them up at par with those in the close relations and neighborhood. MKR considers all his assets as a consequence of his mother’s will and hard work and above all, her great motherhood. In connection with his service in Kashmir, MKR spent most of his time at various scenic places, on snow-clad mountains, in dense jungles, at lakesides and the like. He got used to live a camper's life for most part of his service at the places like Booniyar (famous for heavy snowfall and Mahaseer fish), Mount Hatam Mir (famous for Budloo pine and birchwood), Nav Baalan (the high altitude snow-clad route from Uri to Gulmarg, passing through LOC at various places), Mount Viji (the high mountain separating Uri and Handwara), Bandi Brahmana, Wangath, Narain Naag (a Hindu Tirtha with old temple ruins on the banks of sacred Krenka Nadi, Mahalish (a vast meadow at the top of mountain range below Harmukh), Koul Sar, Brahma Sar, Nundakhol and Gangabal (all sacred lakes at the base of Harmukh, Gangabal being the largest, about 3.5 Kms long, half a Km. wide and more than 80 meters deep at the centre), Sonamarg and other places of tourist interest. This brought him closer to the charming scenic beauty of the Valley and also provided him the peaceful atmosphere to write. He is as comfortable with Nastaliq as he is with Devanagari script. MKR had a natural tendency to write poetry from his childhood. He wrote some poetry and short stories in his school and college days. His first published poem was ‘ya dekh kar woh chup hai, ya la-makaan hai khali’ in Urdu, published in the Srinagar Times sometime in late 80’s. Later his poems, mostly in Urdu, were also published in other Urdu dailies like Aftab and Shahmir. MKR started writing on a regular basis only after his exodus from the Valley in 1990, when he got attracted to write in Kashmiri language in Devanagari Script. Koshur Samachar of New Delhi and Milchar of Mumbai provided him a platform to make his writings public. His write-ups are a regular feature of some KP journals like Vitasta, Milchar, aalav, Panchtarni, Harmukh, Sharada Tarangini etc.

tsók módúr

MKR’s first collection of short stories ‘tsók módúr’ containing 6 short stories, was published in January 2004. He intends to publish second volume of the collection next year. His collection of poems ‘pévàn chhúm yàd’ (a collection of his Satiric, Humour, Emotional, Romantic poems etc) is also slated for release next year. He composed the title song of the Kashmiri TV serial ‘Kashmiri Bachon ki Lok Kathayen’ and worked on its 12 episode-screenplay with Shri Vikas Kapoor, writer and producer. He has also written screenplay for two Kashmiri films (both comedies) for Shri Jyoti Sarup (Director of film ‘Bub’). MKR has also written half a dozen of short stories in English under the series ‘Stories for the Children’. MKR is the Convener of Project Zaan, a joint project of Kashmiri Pandits’ Association and Lalla Ded Educational and Welfare Trust, Mumbai. His contribution to the cause of Kashmiri Literature and Kashmiri language is well known. He is the Co-author of ‘Basic Reader for Kashmiri Language’ and the 'Information Digest' series published under the Project Zaan. MKR is the Co-ordinating Editor of ‘Milchar’, a bi-monthly KP magazine published from Mumbai and Editor (Hindi & Kashmiri) of ‘aalav’ published from Bangalore. He has also been instrumental in development of software for Kashmiri language in Devanagari-Kashmiri and the Indo-Roman Scripts, under an arrangement with the Cyberscape Multimedia Ltd., the Akruti software people. He has already transformed the Bhajans and Leelas of Swami Krishen Joo Razdan and the ‘Man Pamposh’ of Bhawani Bhagyavaan Pandit into Standardised Devanagari-Kashmiri. He has provided the Standardised Devanagari-Kashmiri text for 'A Dictionary of Kashmiri Proverbs' of Prof. Omkar Nath Kaul. He is presently working on the transliteration of some valuable Kashmiri literature into Devanagari-Kashmiri and Indo-Roman Scripts for benefit of the general KP masses. Present address: 101-A, Pushp Vihar, Shastri Nagar, Vasai Road (W), Dist. Thane 401 202, Maharashtra, India. Tel: 0250-2340110. Mob: 09422473459. E-mail: [email protected]




44 hhaavväälliihhêêtthh -- ggookkWWYY;;~~ááFFkk

Qwykth rqy VkBkft;qu QksVqo vFkl D;Fk r” ák]rqu nft l•R;~ lkQ djquA VkBkth vksl

rlqan eksy r” rl vkWL; ikaN+ oWjh xkWe”R;~ xqt+jse”frlA ßok;] vt+ vkWflfgo rk]á ftan”Þ]

Qwykth ok]u QksVqol dqu oqfNFkA exj QksVqol eat+ vksl VkBkth vt+ fr t+u n ”;kuA

Qwykth I;o ;knA ;u” rl [kkanj dk]jq[k] ru” vksl VkBkft;l oksr”eqr vfd vt+kc” e¡T+;~

xqt+jkuA Qwykth vksl u” okWfjO;~ xjl eat+ Lo[kA XoMfufd }g I;B; xWf; rla”ft+ gfÓ

yhykoWrh rla”t+ uQjr frD;kft+ Qwykth ga”| ekWY;~ vksl u” tku ák]r |k]r dk]jeqrA

Qwykth vksl chŒ ,Œ dk]jeqr r” ÓfDy fr vkWl tku exj rFk D;k y]foU;~ vkWl” fnU;~\

yhykoWrh vksl f; t+kWfuFk vFk [kkanjl vkadkj dk]jeqr ft+ VkBkth vksl vk]ojlsj r” rl

vkflgs tku ekyA ßvk]ojlsju Nk i]B~;~okWU;~ de vkenWuh vklku\Þ ;h lwafpFk vkWl

yhykoWrh u]fpO;~ la”fn [kkWrj” eksVj dkfj ga”t+ Ooesn FkWoe”p+A ;k]no; fÓcu th;u vkWl u”

f;N+ dkag eax dWje”p+ exj yhykoWrh vkWl dfFk dfFk eaT+k”; Qwykth ga”|u xfjD;u f;

Ó]N~; okr”ukWoe”p+A ßfÓcu th;l Nq nQrj xN+ul cM” rdyhQ xN+kuA eSVsMksjl eat+ Oonuh

jwT+;~ jwT+;~ Nql fcpkWfjl dej rkU;~ M~oD;kseqrA v[k xj” vksl vWfel dkj fnul fr r;kj]

exj E; nk]i”e[k ;qgqan xj” Nq ÓWjhQ xj”A vn” f; f;eu [oÓ dfj fr fnul] vfl D;kg

vFk luqu\ yWMd” Nq[k iuqu] Ooij Nq[k” dkagAÞ

exj yhykoWrh ga”fn eqrkWfcd dk]j ;wr dWfjFk fr Qwykth ga”|o xfjD;o QWfdjk]rA dkj

D;kg] LdwVj rkU;~ twj~;ks[k u”A VkBkft;u nk]iu[k =] dksfj NeA D;kg dj” r” dk]r okr”\

fÓcu th;l fr oWfuu [kkanj” czk—Bq; iwj” vlfy;rA nk]iul] ßE; Nqu” iwj” ft+an”xh eat+ t+kag

jÓo” jk]VeqrA iu”ful ikul Mk[k dWfjFk fNe Óq;Z ij”ukWO;~e”R;~A vfe vyko” Nq u” E; fufÓ

d] agAÞ fÓcu th;l vksl rla”ft+ çFk dfFk l•R;~ f;frQkdA nk]iul] ßlkfu rjQ” No” u”

dqfu d”Le”p QjekWf;ÓA vfl Nq flfjQ iku”U;kj cdkjAÞ

exj yhykoWrh vksl u” iku”U;kj cdkjA rl vkWl dkj cdkjA rl vksl lq o[r Qh;Z

Qh;Z f;oku vWNu ry ;]fy rla”t+ n”jdkdU;~ xkSjhÓk]jh u]fpO;~ la”ft+ dkfj eat+ rl fufÓ

vkf; r” feBkf; Mc” czk—B” dfu FkWfoFk oksu”ul] ßjWoh th;l yWftl cykf;A jkFk lwT+k”gWl

gk]go”;Zo ok]gj”okWfnl I;B dkjA vfl dWj”; vt+ rFk iwt+k r” XoM”U;Fk okWP+kl; p+]; fuÓ

uWohn áFkAÞ yhykoWrh nk]n ekt+ exj ywd” o]goWp+ æk;l U;cj rkU;~ l•R;A yhykoWrh

gko”oqu chB xkSjhÓk]jh dkfj eat+ frFk” dWU;~ t+u r” T+;u” I;B; rl eksVjl [klu”p gkWy

vkWlA

yhykoWrh vksl f; nksn oqyV” ikWB~; lU;kseqrA j•U;~ la”fn letkou” ckoWtwn p+k]y u” rl

f; dhu”A fÓcu th;l vkWl ekft fFk; xN+ku Dod”jA lq vksl u vksj r” u ;ksjA lk—pku

tsók módúr

vksl ekft ou” cfM r” f;u” rl d] ag xN+~;eA yhykoWrh vkWl UofÓ ga”ft+ çFk dqfu dfFk

d”B dMkuA rla”ft+ dkfe l•R;~ fr vkWl u” rl cjkcWnhA ;]fy gfÓ UofÓ iku”oWU;~ dqfu

dfFk I;B rukT+k” xfN+gs] fÓcu th vksl t+ukfu; C;okWjh djkuA Lo fcpkWj vkWl nkfj cj

=k]ifjFk onqukg djku r” iuqu iku yk]r”jkokuA g]gjl l•R;~ vkslql tku lykg exj rl

vksl u” xjl eat+ pyku fdfgU;~A xfjp lkWj”; dekaM vkWl gfÓ vfFk;A

Qwykth vkWl ;N+ku uksdjh dj”U;~ exj gfÓ dk]jul lkQ eukgA u]fpfol cWfju du]

ßvxj f; uksdjh djfu ækf;] f; xfN+; vFk” ry”A c]f; xjl eat+ g; ;hp+ dkWe fN] lq

dql dfj\ r]fy xWf; ;]fr nk; Fko”U;~AÞ

Qwykth vksl v[k oLQA Lo vkWl u” gfÓ cqfFk yxkuA ;k]no; gfÓ ga”| oWrhju rl

v¡n”fj; Mqc” Mkl vksl Fkk]oeqr dWfjFk exj Lo vkWl rl rksfr ekWt t+kWfuFk [kWneFk djkuA

xjl eat+ vkWL;~ dqy ikaN+ ckWp+A Qwykth] rlqan jwu fÓcu th] gÓ] áqgqj r” YodqV æq;

vt;A cft t+kWe ohukth vksl [kkanj dWfjFkA Lo fr vkWl gesÓ” ekft gqanq; rjQ djku r”

;wr fifyg]l R;wr Qwykth g”; oWd”j okykuA vt; th vksl uk]oq; uk]oq; uksdjh yk]xeqrA

Qwykth vkWl xfjp lkWj”; dkWe uWQhl ikWB~; v¡t+jkoku r” dk¡fl vkWl u”” Ódk;Fk djuqd

eksd” fnokuA exj gfÓ D;kg dfjgs\ Lo vkWl”l [kWneFk djukWO;~ djukWO;~ jFk okyku exj

dfFk dfFk I;B T+kqjfd r” ike” fnoku] ßfÓdl xfjp vkWl”[k] vfl fr vk]uqFk fÓdlA =B

i]f; rFk }gl ;]fe }g P+k” lksu vk;[kA áFk vkWfle f;oku vWfel u]fpfol] exj E; t+u

oqU;kso o[r” foft+A u]pqo fr Nqe v¡nfj; xykuA ;kju nksLru eat+ fr jwn u” cqFk |qu

yk;[kAÞ

okj” okj” ák]rqu Qwykth fnyl I;B vlj I;k]uA fÓcu th la”fn rjQ” fr xo u” rl

dkag vFk”jk]VA rWE;~ ok]uql lkQ ft+ ekft [kykQ ád” u” c” fdfgU;~ oWfuFkA Qwykth ;]fy

fr ekY;qu vkWl xN+ku] rla”fnl ekWfyl ekft vksl rl oqfNFk g]g xN+kuA ekWt vkWl vk]Ó

gkjku exj eksy vksl v¡n”fj; ne QqV~;~ xN+kuA ofu r” ofu dl\ dWfp+ yfV ok]u rWE;~

dksfj ft+ c” dj” fÓcu th;l l•R;~ dFk exj dksfj fnp+ul u” oFkA nk]iul vfe l•R;~

xN+u E; okj; gkykr [kjkcA f; cwft+Fk vksl eksy dksfj uky”efr jVku r” iu”fu ykpkWjh

I;B onkuA


Qwykth ga”t+ ekWt xWf; C;ekj r” VkBkth xo rlqan okW;Zqo] ;qFk d—p+u }gu rl xj” vfugsA

rfr ;Fk gkyrl eat+ rWE;~ dwj oqN] rfe l•R; oksr rl T+;kn; rdyhQA f; vksl

M~;lEcjqd j~;FkA Óhu” N+B vkWlA Qwykth vkWl uyd” ry” ckyVhu” ckyVhu” iksU;~ vuku r”

L;eat+ vkaxul fcfgFk dqfu; t+WU;~ iWgjkWp+ eat+ iyo NykuA dfu ga”ft+ P+ofy I;B vksl

vWfdl oqg fdyks ih ekdZ Vhul eat+ iksU;~ oqÓukoquA P+ofy eat+ vkl” vM” gk]fN grc



frfye” tksjkg] ;Fk Lo ¶o[k ¶o[k vkWl fnokuA czk—B” dfu vkslql iyo vackj ;Fk eat+

ysQ” oksfj r” eVjl oksfj fr vkl”A dksfj ga”t+ gkyr oqfNFk vko VkBkft;l onquA f;Fk”

frFk” dk]j rWE;~ iuqu iku dkscw r” ok]uqu dksfj iu”fu rksj f;uqd edlnA dksfj dWj N+~oi”A

ofugs fr D;kg\ rlqan ekY;qu xN+qu ;k u xN+qu vksl flfjQ rla ”ft+ gfÓ rkU;~A VkBkft;l

N+~;k]u ftxjA

VkBkth p+ko vanjA lkWfj; vkWL;~ dkaxjkg rWfiFk fcfgFkA VkBkft;u dk]j lkfju”; ueLdkj

r” ok]uqu dksfj ga”ft+ gfÓ dqu] ßQwy”U;~ ekWt ekgjk fN l[k C;ekjA vxj rqgqan btkt+Fk

vkfl] c” fue”gWu dwj }u P+ou }gu xj”AÞ VkBkft;l vkWl Ooesn ft+ f;e =kou u” rl

lWgWy lWgWy d] ag] frD;kft+ vfr dql dfj ek]T+kwj” dkWe\ exj lq I;o vleku”] ;]fy rl

Qwykth ga”ft+ gfÓ tokc |qr] ßRofg ekgjk dk]jo” tku] rk]á vkf;o” iku;A uhrksu nf;

la”fn ikl” r” FkWO;~rksu OoU;~ xfj;AÞ t+ukfu ga”ft+ dfFk l•R;~ Oot+Y;o Qwykthful g]gjl

cqFkA cM” eqf'dyh lku dWj rWE;~ áeFk r” t+ukfu ga”fnl dykel dWj”u dWfjU;~] ßu ekgjk]

vWE;~ lqan eryc Nq ft+ uhrksu }u P+ou }guA ijok; D;kg Nq\ ekWt ;]fy C;ekj Nl r”

vWL;~ niksl” uA vWL;~ fr fNu” ekgjk vWfel ojkW; ij N+]U;~ xN+kuAÞ exj rla”|u y¶t+u

vksl u” dkag ekusA fÓcu th vksl N+~oi” ne dWfjFkA t+u u” T+kwu” ekWt T+kwu t+kfugsA rla”ft+

ekft xo j•U;~ lqan eaT+k” OoFkqu l[k cjrckgA lwapqu ft+ UoÓ fr xfN+ u” ;]fr nQkg d] ag]

OoU;~ dFk Nq cWY;~ iuquq; ;t+Fk jko”jkoquA rfe |qr iuqu QkWly”] ß}gl [kaMl vxj xN+qu

Nql r” xWfN+u] exj ixkg xfN+ okil f;U;~A cqfFk fN gsjr r” ;]fr fN dkWe okfj;kgAÞ f;

oWfuFk dWj rfe j•ful dqu nksy” ut+j ft+ E; i`N+u” ojkW; dql xks[k P+k” P+ou }gu btkt+Fk

fnu” oksyA VkBkft;u g]p u” dwj rksfr ikul l•R;~ fuFkA rfe NWY;~ Óke rkU;~ XoM” lkWfj;

iyo r” vn” ækf; ekY;quA

yhykoWrh vkWl vWfdl”; dfFk eat+ UofÓ l•R;~ cjkcWnhA gfÓ ga”fnl çFk Qkdl I;B

vkWl Lo pksdl fyoku Mqoku r” lkWfj; cku” ekatkuA ir” vkWl Lo nW; }gl rl Qkd”

pk;] xkfj iw;Z] rWfyFk vksyo csrjh [;koku r” rlqan çFk dkag gk]dqe iwj” djkuA etky Nk

ft+ dkag ykfxgs N+]V~; vFk” vksj” ;ksjA Qkdqd }g vkWl u” yhykoWrh rla”fn ojkW; dk¡fl ga”fn

vFk” [;oku] frD;kft+ Lo; ;kWp+ vkWl”l Jwfp+ Jkfu pht+ czk—B dqu okr”ukokuA

Qwykth cusf; vWfdl dksfj ga”t+ ekWt fr] exj rla”t+ oqdFk jwt+ xjl eat+ frN+”; f;N+

vfe czk—B vkWlA v[krq; ák]rqu OoU;~ fÓcu th rl I;B T+;kn; oksyquA rl vkWl u” ikul

t+ukfu l•R;~ nqÓeWuh d] ag exj ekft ga”fn Øqr” Øqr” l•R;~ ák]rqu lq fr okj” okj” |ekWxh

xN+quA vWF;~ vkluk gl eat+ xqt+;Zo Qwykth gqan eksy VkBkthA rl xWf; czsu gSe”jstA

Qwykth jwn gesÓ” [kkWrj” f; nksn yy”oqu ft+ vkW[k”jh nel rkU;~ jwn VkBkth flfjQ rWL;~

eqrfyd lk—pku r” fjokuA

tsók módúr

vt; th vksl c®dl eat+ uksdjh djkuA rlqan [kkanj N+kaMu” [kkWrj” i]f; u” rla”|u

xfjD;u dkag nksM nwi dj”U;~A rWE;~ dk]j c®d”fp; vWfdl dksfj l•R; [kkanjA dksfj okWY;~

vkWL;~ tku ekynkjA ák]r |k]r dk]j freo yhykoWrh ga”fn xo”A lrjkFk dWfjFk ;]fy egkj]U;~

r” egkjkT+k” okil vkf;] freu vkWl ui” ui” djo”U;~ eksVj dkj l•R;A yhykoWrh [kWp+

egkj]fu ga”ft+ Ódfy [kk]r” eksVj dkfj ga”t+ Ód”y T+;kn” ilanA

vt; th la”ft+ t+ukfu vksl uko MkyhA XoMfufd }g I;B; xWf; yhykoWrh rla”t+ l[k

ek;A gfr gfr yfV vkWl Lo rl cykf; r” jr”N]fi yxkuA rWE;~la”fnl o[rl I;B nQrj

okr”u”p fQfdj vkWl u” rl rhp+] ;hp+ yhykoWrh vkWlA Qwykth vkWl rfe dWfp+ yfV dyl

lkWM~; u Fkoul I;B C;okWjh dWje”p+ exj Mkyh ga”fnl Vh ÓWVZ r” thUt+ ykxul I;B vksl

u” rl dkag vk]T+kqjA Lo vkWl çFk dk¡fl fufÓ Mkyh ga”| rkWjhQ djkuA ;qrq; ;ksr u”] Mkyh

ga”fnl ekWfyl ekft ga”| rkWjhQ djku djku fr vkWl u” Lo FkdkuA ;]fy yhykoWrh

XoMfufp yfV dkfj eat+ pdjl ækf;] rfe Fkk]o U;l”c dy” nkfj fdU;~ dWfMFk] ;qFk t+u

yw[k rl oqNgWuA ofr ;ql ;ql t+kWU;~ oqNqu] rl dk]jqu ;ksj; vkyo dWfjFk ueLdkjA }u

}gu eat+ yWt lkWfjl”; eWgyl irkg ft+ yhykoWrh fN dkj okWp+e”p+A

vfe ir” xo Qwykth okj; j~orc” deA gÓ vkWl çFk dkag eÓoj” Mkyh l•fr; djkuA

dla”fnl ok]gj”okWfnl I;B dql Nq cqykoqu] ohuk th dj fN f;u” [kkWrj” Ó]N~; lksT+k”U;~] cWfMl

}gl I;B D;kg D;kg flU;~ fN ju”U;~] f; lksjq; vksl OoU;~ Mkyh ga”fn eÓoj” l•fr;

linkuA Yod”V~; cWM~; vkWL;~ OoU;~ rWL; Yoy”er” yk; djkuA Qwykth vkWl ek]T+k”j]fu ga”|

ikWB~; t[kku r” lkfju”; czk—B”dqu okr”ukokuA


vt; thful [kkanjl xo iwj” v[k oWjh ft+ dWÓhfj ga”| gkykr xWf; [kjkcA cV” p+WY;~

dWÓhj =kWfoFkA ;l ;]R;Fk tk; eht] lq rk]rFk oksrA yhykoWrh ga”| fr p+WY; jkFkD;qrA vn”

usjku usjku ;Fk ;Fk pht+l FkQ vk;[k] lq rqyq[kA yhykoWrh rqy iuqu Vªad XoM”A Qwykth

ytsf; cku” lk] ac”jkofu ft+ VsDlh okWY; yksx Ød” uknA lq vksl xkÓ ¶oyu” czk—Bq; ;N+ku

cku”gkfy usjquA f;Fk” frFk” cW;Z rfe d] ag t+k]jwjh cku” ck]gfj eat+A fÓcu thf;U;~ T+k” lwB r”

VkBkft;qu QksVqo =ksoqu vWfdl tksy”ul eat+ r” tksyu” =ksoqu ukWY;A usjku usjku fnp+ rfe

dksfj ga”t+u fdrkcu fr FkQA fÓcu th;u rqft d] ag dey” r” p+knj” l•R;~] [kcj Nk ofr

I;B ek i]f; 'oaxquA rlqan r” Qwykth gqan ckd; lksjq; lkeku” jwn vWR;~A VsDlh okWY;~ ck]j

vk]M lkeku” Nrl r” vk]M fMdh eat+A fÓcu th] rlqan eksy] Qwyk th r” fup chB~;

VSDlh vanjA vt; th;u ck]j iuqu r” Mkyh gqan d•erh lkeku” iu”fu dkfj eat+A Mkyh

vkWl T+;kn” igu freu nksR;u r” iÓehu” Ókyu ga”t+ fQfdj f;e rfe ekY;~fu vkWL;~

vWU;~e”R;A yhykorh fr =ko”ukso iuqu Vªad vWF;~ dkfj eat+ r” chB czk—B” dfuA



tk]e okWfrFk jWV freo fdjkf; I;B tk;A fÓcu th;l vksl t]fe fr nQrj r” rl

FkWo”[k rWR;~ M~;wVhA vt; th;l r” Mkyh I;o çkjqu frD;kft+ c®d” okWY;~ vkWL;~ g]fjE;u

vkMZju çkjkuA xjl eat+ jwn ekgksy R;qFkq; ;qFk dWÓhfj vkslA

}f; j]R;~ ir; dWj”[k vt; th;l r” Mkyh iksfLVaxA fre lwft+[k fnfyA xjl xWf;

Ny”A yhykoWrh xWf; freu l•R;~A rlqa| j•U;~ eksu u” fnfy xN+qu r” lq jwn fÓcu th;l

l•fr;A

yhykoWrh ga”fn xN+u” ir” vko xjl eat+ LdwuA ;k]no; fÓcu th;qu =k]'kj p+k]y u” d] ag

exj gkykr xWf; okfj;kg Bh[kA rlqan eksy vksl t+ukfu ga”fnl nwj jksT+kul”; [oÓA niku

vksl cykf; N+”uql] rksfr Nq bulku l]fn cqfFk cr” E;k] aM [;okuA

vt; th;l r” Mkyh E;wy jkst+u” [kkWrj” c®dqd edku”A yhykoWrh Fkk]oq[k vyx dej”A

[kqy” Mqy” tk;kg vkWlA [;k]u pk]u fr vksl est+ dqjfl;u I;BA p+k]okikW;Z vksl uk]oq;

ekgksyA yhykoWrh vkWl cM” [oÓA vfr vkslql u” u] anfj ok]Fk”oquq; I;oku Qwykth gqan eugwl

cqFk oqNquA exj pwafd }gl vkslql I;oku dqfu; t+fu xjl eat+ jksT+kqu] vfe fdU;~ vkWl”l

dqfu dqfu I;oku Qwykth ;knA vkW[k”j N+~oi” ne dWfjFk”; d•frl dkyl fcfg bulku\

C;okWjh jVul xfN+ uk dkag czk—B ” dfu vklqu\

}g cnyku yWt u” T+;kn” rkWj d] agA fnfy okWfrFk”; djukso Mkyh elrl dVA QkWÓu

djul eat+ fr jwt+ u” Lo iFk d] agA }Óo; ckWp+ vkWL; dkfj eaT+k nQrj xN+kuA Ókel

Ókel fr vkWL;~ dkfj eaT+k”; pdjl usjku r” ckt+s [;Fk P;Fk okil f;okuA yhykoWrh jwn

fnfy okWfrFk dkfj [kluqd vjeku”;A exj iu”ful ikul |qrqu fnykl”A lwapqu cykf; vuql]

;]fr dl Nqe gkoquA Mkyh ga”| ekfyU;~ fr vkWL;~ fnfy; vke”R;~A vfe fdU;~ vkWl Lo

çFk vkFkokfj jwu áFk ekY;qu xN+ku r” }g xqt+kWfjFk okil f;okuA yhykoWrh vksl I;oku

vfe }g fr dqfu; t+fu jksT+kquA Qkdqd }g vksl rl xN+ku DorsdkoA Mkyh ga”fnl pksdl

eat+ vksl XoM” I;B; vM” Jwp+ xN+kuA exj ;]fy Mkyh rksj ák]r cwB r” pi”U;~ ykWfxFk”;

vP+kqu] xjl eat+ ok]Fk QlknA Ókel ;]fy ekft u]fpfol f; dFk oWU;~] rWE; ok]uql] ßgr;

çksu o[r ek]dY;oA vt+ Nk bulkul ;hp+ ádFk r” ;hp+ Q”jlFkA c]f; juqu I;oqu Nq

I;B” dfu] Cou” dfu D;kg Nq\Þ u]fpO;~ la”t+ dFk cwft+Fk xWf; yhykoWrh jwft+FkA rl vkWl

Ooesn ft+ lq letkfo t+ukfu r” Lo dfj nqckj” pksdl eat+ cwB pi”U;~ p+kuqu canA exj fr

li|o u” d] agA v[krq; ák]r OoU;~ vt; th;u fr rksj cwB áFk vP+kquA vke }gu dk]j

yhykoWrh f;Fk” frFk” [;k]u pk]u cjnk'r exj Qkdqd }g vksl rl i]B~; I;okuA vfe }g

vkWl Lo vkse }n P;Fk”; ;ksr xqt+kj” djkuA

tsók módúr

Mkyh xo gfÓ gqan xjl eat+ jksT+kqu L;Bkg eqf'dyA freu xWf; fnfy vke”frl p+ksj j~;Fk r”

;hfrl dkyl g]D;~ u” fre dqu fr }u P+ou }gu I;B lkWyl xWfN+FkA Mkyh vksl l[k

Óks[k mn;iqj] fÓeyk] xokfy;kj csrjh tk;u pdjl xN+uqd exj xN+ul dfr vkslql okj\

gÓ vkWl”l uk xjl eat+! nQrj” okY;~o dk]j vfd yfV çksxzke t;iqj xN+uqd exj Mkyh

g]p u” gfÓ ga”| fdU;~ xWfN+FkA gkykafd vt; th;u ok]u”ul ft+ Lo fr fueksu] vWfdl

uQj” la”| ik¡l” fneo vyko” exj Mkyh vkf; u” cjkcWnhA nk]iul rfe [kk]r” Nq u xN+uq;

tkuA vt; th;l vksl ekft ga”fn t+j” t+j” xN+ku exj Mkyh fufÓ vkslql u” d] ag pykuA

pfyg]l fr fdFk” dWU;~\ ufo xjqd v[k v[k pht+ vksl uk Mkyh ga ”| ekWY;~ lwt+eqr!

okj” okj” ák]rqu gfÓ r” UofÓ nw;Zj cMquA dfFk dfFk I;B ák]r Mkyh rl l•R;~ okn

djquA gfÓ gqan v[k y¶t+ ouqu fr vksl u” rl cjnk'r xN+kuA vt; th vksl Lon” jke

áw oqNku r” t+ukfu [oÓ Fkou” [kkWrj” ekft; r[klhj [kkjkuA

vfd }g vkf; vt; th r” Mkyh okfj;kg p+h;Z xj”A dfr rke vkWl”[k ikVËA ekWt

vkWl rhfrl dkyl Qkd;A pksdl vp+ul ek vksl rl btkt+Fk\ xj” okWfrFk ;]fy Mkyh

rl cr” 'kwj] lq vksl ;[k xkseqrA gfÓ ok]u”ul] ß;Fk dj[k u; flful oqÓusj] cykf;

yx;A rqjqu u; Nqe u” f;oku [;u”AÞ Mkyh oWN+”l okil] ßflU;~ i°fr [kkWrj” dfr t+ky” c”

OoU;~ xSlA xSl fr Nq æk]X;kseqrAÞ yhykoWrh nk]n ftxjA rfe Bksl nt+u nkfn cr” Fkky

iFkj r” dk]jqu usfpfol vkyoA Mkyh xo u” f; cjnk'r ft+ ekWt dfj u]fpfol fuÓ rla”t+

cj[kykWQhA vt; th vkoA Mkyh |qr rl iFk dqu nd” r” ok]uqu gfÓ] ßu]fpfol D;kg

Nq ouqu\ E; l•R;~ dWfjo dFkA c” Nl u” Qwy”] rk]á QqVjkWfoo E; MwU;~ dyl I;BAÞ

yhykoWrh xo g]fje Ókg ák]j dqu r” cWfue Ókg Cou dquA

t]fe I;B” vksl e¡T+;~ e¡T+;~ fÓcu th ekft l•R; Qksul I;B dFk djkuA Qwyk th fr

vkWl”l Ó]N [kcj ç”N+ku exj yhykoWrh vkWl u” rl l•R; T+;kn” dFk” djkuA XoM” XoM”

vkWl”l rla”t+ uQjr r” rfe; vkWl”l rl l•R;~ dFk dj”U;~ [kjkuA ir” vkWl”l u” f; t+kWfuFk

esBku ft+ f;u” vWfel fnfy gqan gky irkg yX;eA fÓcu th;u vkWl vWfdl c]f;l fuÓ

f; dFk cwt+e”p+A exj rWE;~ dWj u” vFk eqrfyd xjl eat+ dkag dFk ft+ Qwykth ek yfx

irkgA lq vksl lk—pku ft+ vfe l•R;~ yfx cWY;~ rl gWjA rWE; ok]u ckWf;l VsfyQksul I;B

ft+ ekWt lkst+ru] vfl Nq yksy vkeqrA ckW; ok]uqul gsjp+ I;B rjo lkWfj;A gsjp+ vkWL;

oqfu =] j~;FkA


exj gsjp+ rkU;~ I;o u” çkjqu d] agA vfd }g vkf; Mkyh ekY;~fu I;B” QhfjFk r” l•R;~

vk]uqu lQsn gksfu cp”A ;qFkq; Mkyh eksVjqd njokT+k” e”p+jkso] gksfu cpu =kWo ok]B r” p+ko

nksjku nksjku dqfBl eat+A yhykoWrh p+Wt Ø[k uhfjFk] ßg;ks gwu gk p+koAÞ Mkyh rqy gwu

[ofu eat+ r” ák]rul QÓ QÓ |quA yhykoWrh xo vWNu vfuxk]VA nksiul] ßDol” ch

=B\ f; gwu dfr ch vk]u”Fku\Þ Mkyh |qr ikul ;y r” ok]u”ul] ßf; xo u” gwuA f; Nq



Ók]xyw E;kfu ekY;~fu vkWL; czwanh t+ke”R;~ T+k” cp”A ikikgu |qr v[k E;AÞ f; oWfuFk =kso

rfe Ók]xyw iFkj r” p+kf; pksdl eat+A Ók]xyw fr p+ko rl ir” ir” pksdlA Ókel ;]fy

cr” [;uqd o[r oksr] Ók]xyw C;wB yhykoWrh fuÓ r” yksxul pksaB [ojuA yhykoWrh xWf;

n”uu r” p+Wftl Ø[k uhfjFkA rfe =kso cr” vWfr;A vk]Ó ok]Fkql nkfjA jkWR;~ jkrl jwt+ rl

;M CofN l•R; oksjkuA

Qwykth dWj njokt+l pqB”D;~ r” ák]rqu oFkjqu =koquA rlqan áqgqj vksl nokg [;Fk

Ók] axeqrA fÓcu th vksl fufp gqan fdrkc” cSx can djkuA ßde fdrkc” Nk f;eu fcpk;Zu

fr\Þ rWE; ok]u t+ukfu dquA rfe áksr D;kgrkU;~ ou”uq; ft+ njokt+l xo Bqd BqdA ßvek

f; dql luk Nq ;wr p+h;Z\ BWgWj c” e”p+jko” njokT+k” iku;Þ] f; oWfuFk ok]Fk fÓcu th Fkk]n

r” e”p+jksoqu njokT+k”A yhykoWrh vkWl U;Wcj” dfu iFkj fcfgFkA fÓcu th;u oqN ekWt r” jWV”u

uky”efrA v¡nj” ækf; lkWfj;A yhykoWrh vkWl dqfu; t+WU;~A fÓcu th;u i`N+ql] ßP+k” dl l•R;~

vk;[k r” ;wr p+h;Z\Þ yhykoWrh Qks;Zo u” tokc”;A rfe =kWo v[k fcpkW;Z ut+j Qwykth dqu

r” jWV”u Lo uky”efrA Qwykth oqN] Lo vkWl onkuA rfe i`N+qul] ßD;kg nWyhy\ onku

D;kft+ fNo”\ j”p+j Nk\Þ lkWfj; vkWL;~ g;cqax”A [kcj vt; th r” Mkyh Nk okj;\ fÓcu

thful ekWfyl vkWl u” dFk”; QksjkuA eqf'dyh lku dWj rWE;~ áeFk r” i`N+qul] ßouku

D;kft+ N[k u” d] ag\ jp+j Nk\ P+k” D;kft+ N[k dqfu; t+WU;~\Þ yhykoWrh =kso OoÓA

nk]iu[k] ßlkWfj; fN okj;A XoM” [;e” c” cr”] vn” xWf; ckd; nWyhyA rhfrl dkyl

oWU;~ro vt; th;l Qksu dWfjFk ft+ c” okWP+k”l xj”AÞ

gqikW;Z ;]fy vt; th lqcgl u] anfj ok]Fk] lq xo ekft ut+j fnfuA rl vkWl okWfyat

N+~;uku ft+ ekWt Ók] at jkrl Qkd;A ekft ga”fnl dqfBl fuÓ oksr r” vfr oqNqu njokT+k”

;y;A exj ekWt vkWl u” v¡nj”A Jku” dqfBl eat+ fr vkWl u” d] agA Mkyh i`N+qu] rl fr

vkWl u” irkgA }Óo; ckWp+ xWf; ijsÓkuA ekWt vkWl u” t+kag ckt+j rkU;~ fr dqfu; t+WU;~

æke”p+A xWf; g; r” xWf; dk]r\ gelkf; xju fnP+k”[k ut+j exj fdfgU;~ irkg yWt u”A

ijsÓku gky jw| fre nW; }gl Qkd; r” Qqdj; rl N+kaMkuA jkWp+ ga”ft+ nfg cft vko

t]fe I;B” fÓcu th;qu QksuA ekWt vkWl tk]e okWp+e”p+A

lkfju”; eWB u] an”jA Qwykth jk]u tyty gfÓ D;qr cr”A L;qu vksl ewtwnA vy” gfp+ r”

VekVj vkWL; rl l[k ilanA ;]fy Qwykth cr” Fkky rl czk—B” dfu Fkk]o] rfe fnp+ rFk

frFk” ikWB~; FkQ t+u r” oqefj vkslqu u” cr; oqNeqrA

tsók módúr

cr” [;Fk dk]j yhykoWrh fr lksjq; c;ku f; rl xqnj~;kseqr vkslA lkWfj; xWf; ne

QqV~;A Qwykth vko onquA rfe i`N+ql] ßir”] ;ksj fdFk” ikWB~; okWfro” dqfu; t+WU;~\Þ gfÓ

nk]iul] ßjkFk D;qrq; lwap E; ft+ c” xN+” tk]e okilA E; dWM~; Yofr Yofr Vªad” eaT+k”

ik¡l” r” FkWfoe panlA lqcgkW; ikafp+ cft æk;l c” P+kwfj P+kwfjA cl vM” vksl uWT+;~nh[k”;A E;

jk]V lMfd I;B fjDÓk r okWP+k”l vMl eat+A E; lwap ej” ;k jksT+k” exj c” jksT+k” u” OoU;~

;]frA vfr N+k¡M”e t]fep cl r” chB”lA cfl eat+ vksl E; l•fr; v[k cV” fcfgFkA ;]fy

vWL;~ tk]e vMl I;B okWR;~] rl vksl u]pqo dkj áFk çkjkuA rWfe; =kWo”l u]cj” dfuAÞ

f; cwft+Fk xWf; lkWfj; gkWjku r” cxokul dqu dk]jq[k Óqdqj ft+ Lo okWp+ l]fn cqfFk xj”A

yhykoWrh dWj UofÓ ga”fnl vFkl FkQ r” ok]u”ul] ßE; Nqu” OoU;~ fdfgU;~ cdkjA E; N[k

P+k” cdkjAÞ

Qwykth dk]j ekWY;~ la”fnl QksVqol EoU;~ r” Fkk]oqu rk[kpl I;BA okil Qhj r” gÓ oqfNu

ir” dfuA Lo fr vkWl VkBkft;l eqn; x¡fMFk oqNkuA gfÓ ok]u”ul] ßdw;Z] E; cf[Óft+AÞ

Qwykth ykWX;~ gfÓ ga”|u [oju vFk” r” Okk]u”ul] ßrk]á D;kg fNo” f; oukuA Rkk]á fNo” E;

Ekkft cjkcjAÞ yhykoWrh jWV UoÓ uky” efr r” onku onku ok]uqul] ßjr” N]fi yx;A f;u”

E; t+kag ikul fuf'k nwj dj[kAÞ




55 bbäättúúll -- cckk WWrrqqyy

';kekth vkWl eqn; xaWfMFk vkaxu cjl oqNkuA jkWp+ ga”T+k” dkg vkl” ctseP+k”A lkWfj; yd”V~;

cWM~; vkWL; iuqu iuqu xj” okil vke”R;~ exj rlqan lquhy vksl u” dqfu;A lquhy vksl

vkWfu ojQrkjA f; vkWl u” vt+ XoMfup fot+ d] ag ;]fy lquhyl xj” f;ul p+ssj xoA

veweu vksl lq f;Fk; ikWB~; jkp+ igju xj” f;okuA eWgy” okWY;~ fr vkWL;~ rl fufÓ rax

vke”R;~A }g; vksl lq dk¡fl ur” dk¡fl l•R;~ yMkW; dWfjFk f;okuA xjk vksl dk¡fl ga”fnl

ckxl vWfp+Fk iksÓ p+Vku r” xjk dk¡fl Óqfjl vFk” ewfjFk rekÓ” fuokuA xjk dk¡fl YodfVl

ykj djku r” xjk dk¡fl ftfBl l;dyl ¶o[k dMkuA [kky”; dkag }g vksl R;qFk vklku

;]fy u” dkag eWgy” oksy ';kekth fuÓ rla”t+ Ódk;Fk áFk f;f;gsA çFk yfV vkWl Lo freu

ekWQh eaxku r” iu”ful d”lerl onkuA

lquhy vksl eWg”Y;~ eWgyl cnukeA çFk dk¡fl vksl Fkk]oeqr iu”ful Óqfjl rl l•R;~

fxan”ul Bkd dWfjFkA ';kekth ga”fn [kkWrj” vksl rlqan vklqu u vklqu fgfÓ; dFkA rl vkWl

I;oku ckT+k”;Z dkWe rkU;~ iku; dj”U;~A vax vkWÓ”uko fr vkWL;~ OoU;~ ';kekth ga”fn [kkWrj”

l[k fQfdjeanA niku vkWL;~ }g }g Nql ok¡fl [klkuA tokWuh ek fN jksT+k”o”U;~A vkW[k”j

dqfu; t+WU;~ D;kg dfj r” d•frl okfr\ lquhy”U;~ dFk vkWl lkfjo”; p+WVe”p+A rl fufÓ d] ag

Ooesn Fko”U;~ vksl fcydqy xyFkA ;ql iu”fu; ekft panl Qfj] lq D;kg oqfN c]f;l\

';kekth fr vkWl u” OoU;~ rl fufÓ dkag vkÓ FkWoe”p+A exj fr dWfjFk fr vkWl u” Lo

ikul rhfrl dkyl cr” [;oku] ;hfrl dkyl u” lquhy okil xj” f;f;gsA vkW[k”j M¡C;~

nksn!

;u” lquhyl deykoWrh ga”fnl vÓksdl l•R;~ ;kjku” yk]x] ru” xWf; rl T+;kn; f;j”o”U;~

ukoA deykoWrh vkWl vFk eWgyl eat+ yxcx =] oWjh czk—B vke”p+A Xkkeqd t+Wehu tk;nkn

d”fuFk vksl rfe vWF;~ egyl eat+ v[k edku” eWY;~ ák]rqeqrA jk]if; vkl[k ok]QwjA rlqan

jwu vksl ckikW;Z r” lq vksl T+;kn”rj U;cj”; jkst+kuA vÓksdl vkWl ekWt çFk }g [;u” [kkWrj”

ik¡l” fnoku ;Fk lq N~oU;~kg V~oU;~kg djku vkslA flxzsV fr vkslql Yodpkj; ykj~;kseqrA

lquhy vksl v•B~;fe tekWp+ ijku ;]fy vÓksd” rla”fnl lk]dwyl eat+ vkoA rl vkf;

lquhyl l•R;~ l[k cjkcWnhA lquhyl ;k]l” dlj ckd; vkWl] Lo dWjul vÓksdu iwj”A rl

u jwT+k OoU;~ ijul l•R;~ dkag fnypLih r” u xjl l•R;A eksy vkslql Yod”pkj;

xqt+j~;kseqrA ekft vksl X;oku xqMkfjA u vkslql dk¡fl gqan che r” u dk¡fl gqan c;A

tsók módúr

';kek th okWR;~ nWg oWjh ikul jFk dWfMFk xj” id”ukokuA j•U;~ lqan I;uÓu r” dkWuh iksj”p

fdjk;! rWF;~ I;B vkWl Lo xqt+kj” djkuA iku” vkslqu eSfVªdl rkU;~ ik]jeqr r” vfe fdU;~

vkWl ádku de T+;kn” lquhyl ijul ys[kul eat+ enn dWfjFkA lWR;~fe tekWp+ rkU;~ vkWL;~

lquhyl tku uacj f;oku] exj ir” vko u” d] ag le”t ft+ rl D;kg liqnA lWR;~fe tekWp+

I;B” nWáfe tekWp+ rkU;~ okrku okrku xo lq iwj” ikWB~; vFk” ry” uhfjFkA ekWt ;k eke

vxj t+kag dkWY;~ d] ag ou”gkWul] freu vksl cqFk [k]fu OoFkkuA

lquhyl vksl C;k[k ;kj jWÓhn”A vÓksd” r” jWÓhn”] }uo; vkWL;~ ijul ys[kul eat+ rWL;~ gh

exj xqt+kj” ewtqc vksl jWÓhn” ljlA jWÓhnqu eksy deky lkWc vksl taxykrqd Bsd”njA XoM”

XoM” vksl lq fr lQsn iksÓ”; exj iWR;~E;u }u =]u oWfj;u dekso rWE;~ l[k ik¡l”] ;]fe

l•R;~ rla”fn xj~;qd u[p; cnY;oA edku” vko frFk” ikWB~; Ósju” lackyu” ft+ rFk xWf; ca”xy”

Ód”yA iÓl vko Økl cke dju” r” flaxy rqfyFk Vhu ykxu”A lkWfjl”; edkul vko

v¡n”;Z u]c”;Z jax dju”A ox”O; r” lrjaft QnZ rqfyFk vkf; dkWyhu =kou”A xkul cU;~o geke

r” vkaxul xkMZuA vWF;~ l•R;~ cU;~o deky nhu deky lkWcA


deky lkWcl vksl lquhy cM” VksBA niku vfd }g vkWL;~ lquhy] jWÓhn” r” frfga| d] ag

p+kV” ckWt lk]dwy” p+WfyFk o]fFk eat+ Jku djfu oWF;~e”R;~A jWÓhnl vkWl u” N+kaB rxkuA rWE;~

;qFkq; ikWful eat+ Ma”x |qr] lq xo ;hj”A ckd; yWMdo rqy gq; r” [kWR;~ cWfBl I;B

okilA v[k yWMd” xo nksjku nksjku jWÓhnqu xj” Ó]N ou”fuA exj lquhyu gkso dekyA rWE;~

=kWo ikWful eat+ OoBA nwfj vksl ikWful eat+ jWÓhnqu dy” f;oku ckst+u”A o]fFk vksl iksU;~

okfj;kg r” cgko fr vkslql rst+A lquhyl vksl jWÓhn” dqfu rWjhd” cpkoquA f; dkWe vkWl

[krjukd r” vFk eat+ vksl lquhyl iu”ful T+kqol fr [krj”A rl vkWl N+kaB rxku exj

rhp+ egkjFk vkWl”l u”A rWE;~ dWj áeFkA rst+ rst+ N+kaB ok;ku oksr lq jWÓhnl fuÓ r” fnP+k”u

rla”fnl eLrl FkQA okil N+kaB okf;U;~ vksl cM” eqf'dyA ikWful l•R;~ yM djku ák]rqu

lq okj” okj” cWfBl dqu okrquA ;hfrl dkyl lesf; cWfBl I;B okfj;kg yw[kA freu eat+

vksl v[k ukfo gk¡t+A rWE;~ dWM~; iyo r” ok]Fk ikWful eat+A iksU;~ xo rl gWfVl rkU;~A

lquhy ;qFkq; rl czk—B dqu oksr] gk¡t+u dWj rl FkQ r” jk]Vqul jWÓhn” [ofu eat+A lquhyl

vksl Ý[k [kk]reqrA cWfBl I;B okWfrFk”; vko lq ykf;u”A ukfo gk¡t+u lkso jWÓhn” iWFkfjl r”

dk]Mul iksU;~A ;hfrl dkyl vko deky lkWc r” rla”t+ t+uku” iku ekjkuA d—P+k” dky” ir”



vko jWÓhnl iwj” ikWB~; ál r” lq vksl OoU;~ Bh[kA deky lkWcu ;]fy ckd; yWMdu r”

ukfo gk¡t+l fuÓ lkWj”; nWyhy cwt+] lq xo t+u nsoku”A rWE;~ jk]V lquhy uky”efrA lquhyl

vkWl oqfu fr ÓkaÓ [klkuA

deky lkWcu áWp+ uWo dkjA XoMfufp yfV ;]fy lq rFk eat+ nLrxhj lkWcqu xo] lquhy

U;~wu l•R;~A nk]iul ;qFk E; jWÓhn” Nq] R;qFkq; NqgWe P+k” frA vfe ir” ;]fy fr deky lkWc”U;~

dqu Qsjfu Fkksjfu xN+”gWu] lquhyl vkWL;~ l•R;~ fuokuA deky lkWcl vksl rlqan ekWY;~ ;rhe

vklqu l[k ØwB cklkuA f; irkg yWfxFk ft+ lquhy vksl eksy eju ” o[r” flfjQ ikaP+k” oqgqj]

oksr rla”fnl fnyl L;Bkg nnkj”A rlqan ouqu vksl ft+ [onk lkWcu fN lkWfj; fgfo;

cukWO;~e”R;~] vekik]t+ gkykr fN rl tku ;k [kjkc cukokuA ;]fy ;]fy deky lkWcqu Mªk;oj

jWÓhnl xj” fuu” [kkWrj” lk]dwy vksl f;oku] lquhy fr vksl dkfj [klku r” Óks[kkg dMkuA

f;Fk” ikWB~; vksl nWgu iankgu feuVu rl fr iuqu iku lkgkc th cklkuA exj it+j vksl

it+jA lq ek vksl vlyh lkgkc th\ r” f; dFk vkWl rl fnyl [kWfuFk xkWe”p+A lquhy”ful

Qy”okW; xN+ul vksl v[k ck]M ckj” otg] r” lq otg vksl lkgkc thA exj f; otg

vko u” dk¡fl le”tA

';kekth ga”fnl xjl czk—B” dfu vksl jkst+ku ckLdj ukFkA lq vksl fMfotuy bathfu;jA

lquhyqu eksy ewrh yky r” ckLdj ukFk vkWL;~ vfd; lkr” uksdjh yWX;e”R;~A }Óo; vkWL;

rfe lkr” vWflLVaV bathfu;jA ewrh yky vksl u” jÓo” jVkuA dkfe dkjl D;qr fr vksl

L;Bkg rst+A vQlj vkWfll l[k ;t+Fk djku gkykafd Bsd”nj rcd” vkslql ukjkt+A phQ

lkWcl fr vksl lq cM” VksBA ;]fy fr phQ lkWc”ful n¶rjl eat+ dkag t+k]:jh ehfVax

vkflgs] lq vksl ewrh ykyl t+k]:j cqykokuA f; oqfNFk vksl rla”|u okfj;kgu lkWfFk;u

L;Bkg j'd linku] exj fny” vksl u” dkag rl [kykQA lkWfj; vkWL;~ rla”ft+ dkWfcfy;Wp+

ga”| dkWf;y r” rjdh ga”| OoesnokjA

ewrh ykyl [kkanj dju” ir” }f; o”gW;Z t+ko lquhyA lquhy vksl ikaP+k” oqgjq; ;]fy ewrh

ykyl yík[k rcnhyh dWj”[kA YodfVl Óqfjl fuÓ N+~;u” xN+qu xo ewrh ykyl L;Bkg

ukxokjA iuqu Óqj dl Nqu” VksB vklku exj ewrh yky vksl T+;kn; igu gkWfjFkA lq vksl

dky” ixkg u]fpO;~ la”fn [kkWrj” ufo ufo Ldhe” cukoku r” cnykokuA ^^lquhy cukou u” c”

bathfu;j d] agA lq cukou c” MkDVjA u] u] E; Nq cklku lq djukou c” vk;Œ ,Œ ,lA

tsók módúr

;k ur” djukou ,yŒ ,yŒ chA** dkWp+kfg yfV ok]uql ';kekth ft+ lq Nq oqfu YodqV] oqU;~

D;kg Nq djqu f; lwafpFk\ exj ewrh yky vksl u” f; dFk eku”ul r;kjA niku vksl ft+

çFk dkag dFk xfN+ czk—B”; Fko”U;~ L;d” dWfjFk r” rfe; fglkc” xfN+ cqfFk idquA ';kekth

ga”fnl ekWfyl ekft fr vkWl rla”t+ f; nwj vansÓh l[k ilanA

ewrh ykyl xo yík[k xN+qu L;Bkg nqÓokjA exj ljdkW;Z vkMZj vksl] rFk D;kg

dfjgs\ gkykafd rl vkWl okfj;kgu cM~;u vQlju l•R;~ t+ku r” freu oWfuFk g]fdgs lq

iuqu vkMZj dSUly dj”ukWfoFkA exj lq vksl u” ;N+ku iu”fu jk]lw[kqd uktkWf;t+ QkW;n” rqyquA

niku vksl ;]fy çFk dkag ;h lk—fp] r]fy dql xfN+A vkMZj okru” ir” vfd j]R;~ æko lq

yík[kA vfr vksl uk]oq; vkyeA yík[k vkWl Yod”V tk;A ljdkW;Z eqykWft+e vkWL;~ T+;kn”

igu dkWfÓfj; r” freu vkWl iku”oWU;~~ l[k cjknWjhA dkag vksl u” dk¡fl oxqo p+VkuA lkWfj;

vkWL;~ jWfyFk ehfyFk jkst+ku r” v[k vWD;~la”fnl Lo[kl }[kl eat+ ÓWjhd linkuA exj ewrh

yky vksl ijsÓkuA rl vksl u” dqfu l•R;~ fny yxku] frD;kft+ vt+ vksl lq XoMfufp

yfV Óq;Zu ckWp+u fuÓ nwj li|kseqrA

yxcx }u j~;ru yík[k” :ft+Fk vko vfd }g ewrh ykyl ljdkW;Z dkfe ga”fnl

flyflyl eat+ fljhuxj f;uqd eksd”A vfe }g vksl lq L;Bkg [oÓA thfi [klu” o[r”

ckL;o rl t+u r” lq vlekWuh oqMku vkslA thi ækf;A thfi eat+ vkWL;~ Mªk;ojl vyko”

p+ksj uQj r” fre vkWL;~ iku”oWU;~ vlqukg fxanqukg djkuA ewrh yky vksl iu”U;~u Xoru

eat+A iWR;~ fdU;~ fcfgFk vWD;~ uQju i`N+ql] ^okilh gqan D;kg ekgjk Nq çksxzke\* ewrh

ykyu cwt+ u” fdfgU;~A lq vksl vdkW; dFk lk—pku

---- thi dj okfr Ógj\

exj thi okWp+ u” Ógj d] agA cky” oqrjkf; olku olku xo thfi vWfdl rhy” V®djl

l•R;~ [krjuk[k VDdj r” Lo xWf; ikaN+ gFk xt+ Cou vWfdl [kf; eat+ Mqy”A niku ;]fy

feyVªh ga”fn enn” l•R;~ ykfÓ dMu” vkf;] freu vkWl p]fVU;~ xkWe”p+A fre vkWL;~ flfjQ

iy”oo fdU;~ iNkuu” f;okuA


lquhy r” ckLdj ukFkqu u]pqo lkgkc th vkWL;~ vfd; ok¡flA lkgkc th;l vksl vlyh

uko ujsÓ exj xfj vkWfll VkfBU;~kj” fdU;~ lkgkc th oukuA cWfMl ek]gfuO;~ lqan u]pqo

vklu” fdU;~ xksl eWgy” okY;u fuÓ fr ;k]gk]; uko nWfjFkA lquhy r” lkgkc th vkWL;~

}uo; vWfdl”; tekWp+ ijku] exj lk]dwy vkWfl[k vyx vyxA lquhy vksl ljdkW;Z

lk]dwyl eat+ ijku r” lkgkc th vksl dkuoaV xN+kuA ckLdj ukFkl vkWL;~ T+k” Óq;Z] lkgkc

th r” ccyhA ccyh vkWl lkgkc th;l T+k” oWjh Yod”VA ckLdj ukFkl vksl i]B~; okWU;~ fr



ik¡l” jwn cukuA vfe fdU;~ vksl R;qgqan ylqu clqu r;l I;BA ccyh vkWl L;Bkg L;Wt+ r”

ueZ fny exj lkgkc th vksl t+u r” Ógt+kn”A lq vksl çFk }g onË cnykokuA vkLekWU;~

jax” dWeht+] U;~wy fudj r” OoT+k”t VkbZ ykWfxFk r” vFkl eat+ gkdh jWfVFk ;]fy lkgkc th

xfj usjku vksl] lquhyl vkl” vWN njl yxkuA lkgkc th;l ir” ir” vksl rlqan ek]gU;~qo

cSx áFk idku r” lkgkc th;l lk]dwy”fp cfl eat+ [kkWfjFk okil f;okuA ewrh yky”fu eju”

czk—B vkWL;~ }ÓoWU;~ xju iku”oWU;~ [oÓxokj rksyqdkrA exj ;]fy :u eWfjFk ';kekth ga”|

gkykr [kjkc xWf;] ckLdj ukFk”U;o ák]r okj” okj” yk]cA ckLdj ukFk”U;~ t+uku” fueZyk th

fr :t+ ';kek th fufÓ nwjA lwapqu] ßvkne ut+j fN [kjkc vklkuA [kcj Nk] lksu ylqu

clqu ;hlk [oÓ\Þ

okj” okj” yk]x }ÓoWU;~ xju iku” oWU;~ nw;ZjA d] agl dkyl :n lkgkc th t+cjnLrh

lquhyl iuqu xj” fuoku r” iu”U;~ rekÓ” gkokuA exj vfd }g ;]fy rWE;~ u]cj” I;B”

vu”ukWoe”p+ ÓfDy fdrkc lquhyl fnp+] fueZyk th [kk]r p]'eu jFkA vFk” ewfjFk áWP+k”u

lquhyl Lo fdrkc okilA lquhyl l•R;~ ák]r lkgkc th;u fr onqu r” xW;l fxR;~A cl]

vfe ir” ok]n u” lkgkc th;u t+kagA ekWY;~ ekft |qr u” rl lquhyl l•R;~ OoFku” c]gu”] r”

okj” okj” xWf; T+k” ekslwe vyxA

lquhy ;wr ;wr cMku xo] R;wr R;wr xo rl ,glkl ft+ lq dksrkg il ikf; NqA eksy

eju” o[kr” vksl lquhy YodqV r” rl vksl u” ekWY;~ lqan [kkl d] ag ok]uA exj ckLdj

ukFkl oqfNFk vksl rl cklku ft+ rlqan eksy fr vkflgs ;qFkq; r” lq fr vkflgs rl fdR;~

de de pht+ vukuA ;]fe }g ckLdj ukFku u]fpfol D;qr YodqV lk;dy vk]u] r”

ek]gfuO;~ la”fn enr” l•R;~ lkgkc th;u lq pykoqu ák]r] lquhyu gksj vWNo fdU;~ [kwuA exj

f; [kwu oqN u” dk¡flA u ckLdj ukFku] u fueZyk th r” u ';kek thA vfe }g C;wB

lquhy p+sj rke vWfdl cksfu dqfyl ry vk]Ó gkjku r” vWN can dWfjFk ekWfyl N+kaMkuA

lkgkc th;l r” ccyh vksl xfj ekLVj ij”ukokuA ;]fy ;]fy fjt+YV vksl usjku] ckLdj

ukFk”fu xfj vksl t+u ekWy” yxkuA Óq;Zu ga”fnl ikl xN+ul I;B vkWL; freu uWO;~ iyo

f;oku ykxu” r” eWg”Y;~ eWgyl vkWl f;oku feBkW; ckWxjkou”A ckLdj ukFk”U;~ ckWp+ T+k” vkWL;~

u” ccyh T+;kn” iyky” djku] exj lkgkc th;l vkWL;~ u” dqfu d”Le”p dkag dWeh FkokuA

rla”fnl ok]gj”okWfnl I;B fr vksl tku gaxke” vklkuA fujeyk th vkWl vfe }g lqcgl

csNo”U;~u v[k v[k lsj rk]eqy r” ikaN+ ikaN+ j~oif; fnokuA lkgkc ft;l vkWL;~ ek]gfuO;~

u[kl I;B rqyku r” ckxl v¡| v¡| fQj”ukokuA Ókel ckWX;~ vkWl f;oku ckyduh ltkou”A

rkyol vkl” f;oku T+kwy” eky” vywan =kou”A [kkl vkWÓukou r” lkgkc thU;~u ;kju vksl

tsók módúr

f;oku lky dju”A ;]fe lkr” lkgkc th dsd vksl p+Vku] rfe lkr” vksl t+cjnLr p+fjik]i

linkuA ^gIih cWFkZM] g”p Ø[k vksl lquhy iu”ful dqfBl eat+ ckst+kuA rla”ft+ nkfj I;B”

vksl f; lksjq; lhu lkQ lkQ f;oku ckst+u”A ';kekth fr vkWl f; lksjq; d] ag oqNku r”

OoÓ =kokuA Lo vkWl lquhy”ful ok]gj”okWfnl I;B v[k rkgfj Qk]ykg djku r” çsI;qu gkWfoFk

dkou =kokuA lquhyl vkWl u” jkWR;~ jkrl u] anj”; f;oku r” lq vksl lk—pku] ßvxj ikikth

ft+an” vkflgs] lq dksrkg ck]M dsd vfugs\** lqcgl oWfFkFk”; vksl lq ekft loky djku]

ßikikth dWE;~ vksl yík[k lwt+eqrÞ\

jWÓhnqu eksy deky lkWc vksl v[k jqr bulkuA rl vksl ;]fe dfFk gqan cM” ,glkl ft+

lquhyl Nqu” xfj xqt+kj” tkuA lq vksl ;N+ku ft+ dqfu rWjhd” xk]N+ rla”fn rjQ” ';kek th

d] ag enn linquA exj t+ukfu fnP+kul u” oFkA rla”t+ t+uku” jWQhd” vkWl u” cn exj Lo

vkWl”l ouku] ^^t+eku” Nq [kjkcA nkg dju nkg dFk”A vfe [kk]r” tku xo ft+ eSfVªd dju”

ir” jBru lquhy fr ikul l•R;~A vku” p+ksj fr dekfo r” ';kekth fr xfN+ vFk” jk]VA c]f;

vxj [onk lkWcl jqr vksl djqu] |o ft+e”okWjh f;Fk QqfVA** deky lkWcl vkf; f; dFk

ilanA exj t+ukfu ok]uqu ft+ dkag QkWly” dju” czk] ag xfN+ ';kekth l•R;~ f;U;~ dFk dju”A

[kcj Nk rfe ek vkfl c]f; d] ag lwapqeqrA f; dFk vkWl XoM; lj” xkWe”p+ ft+ lquhy r”

jWÓhn” fNu” czk—Bdqu iMkW; tkWjh Fkoul dkWfcyA jWÓhnl vksl oSls fr ekWY;~ lqanq; dkj”ckj

lackyquA


';kekth vkWL;~ ywdu fuÓ deky lkWc”U;~ cM” rkWjhQ cwT+;~e”R;~A f; fr vkWl”l irkg ft+

lq Nq lquhyl u]fpO;~ ut+fj oqNkuA vkW[k”j æko eSfVªdl fjt+YVA jWÓhn” vksl Qsy exj

lquhy vksl iklA T+;kn” [kjkc uacj fr vkWfll u”A L;daM fMfotu vkslqlA jWQhdk th

vkWl jWÓhn”U;~ XoM; irkg ft+ lq xfN+ u” ikl exj lquhy”fu ikl xN+u” l•R;~ xWf; Lo

L;Bkg [oÓA rla”t+ dFk dju” [kkWrj” ;]fy Lo ';kek th fufÓ okWp+] rfe dk]jql u”

budkjA v[krq; xWf; Lo [oÓ ft+ lqfy xfj yfx dqfu cky cfN r” c]f; jksT+;l deky

lkWc”U;~ ut+j xqt+jA rfe t+ksu f; deky lkWcqu ,glkuA lwapqu] ^^E; er” nhruA ikul

D;qrq; vxj dekfo] Lo fr fN cWM dFkA c” d•frl dkyl jkst+l ft+an”A** exj fnyl

:nql QªV” QªBA rfe ok]u jWQhdk th dqu] ^^lksjq; xo Bh[kA exj Rofg No” irkg ft+

E;ksu u]pqo Nq ojQrkjA vWE;~ ek fN vt+ rkU;~ dkag ft+e”okWfj;kg lackWye”p+A ;ql u” xjl

yfx lq dfr yfx ijlA f;u” ixkg DonjFk jWfNu d] ag vrqj xN+~;e dWfjFkA** exj jWQhdk

th vkWl eqre;huA rfe ok]uql] ^^;qFk lq pksu u]pqo Nq] R;qFkq; Nq E;ksuA E; Nk jWÓhn” v[k

r” lq Nqe C;k[kA P+k” e” cj dqfu d”Le”p dkag fQfdjA vrqj dfj r” E; dfjA cl] vfl



Nq flfjQ pksu vkadkj cdkjA deky lkWcl Nq iwj” fcfgFk ft+ lq Nq tku yMd” exj

gkykro Nq [kjkc dk]jeqrA** ';kek th rk]x u” fdfgU;~ ouquA Lo xWf; jWQhdk th ga”t+

dFk cwft+Fk Ójean”A

vkW[k”j vko lquhy deky lkWcl fufÓ uksdjh djfuA deky lkWcu ckWxjko dkWeA jWÓhnl

Fkk]oqu taxy efV r” lquhyl n¶rjA deky lkWcu FkWo f;eu }u fdp+ vyx xkWM~;A uWo

xkWM~; oqfNFk vko lquhyl cqfFkl jaxA rl xWf; eu”p eqjkn iwj”A deky lkWc”U;~ equÓh

th;u g]fNukso lq lksjq; fglkc fdrkcA lquhy vksl |ekx ” fdU;~ dkWQh rst+A Ó]f;; j]R;~

xo lq vFk dkjl eat+ ekWfgj r” equÓh th;l xWf; okfj;kg ft+e”okWjh deA equÓh th;l

vksl iwj” ;]dhu ft+ lquhy g]fd o[r xWfN+Fk dquq; t+k]u fr dkWe lackWfyFkA r” f; dFk

oWU;~ rWE;~ deky lkWcl frA deky lkWc vksl L;Bkg [oÓA frD;kft+ jWÓhnu fr vkWl

iu”U;~ ft+e”okWjh Bh[k ikWB~; lackWye”p+ r” c]f; vksl jWÓhnl r” lquhyl iku”oWU;~ L;Bkg

rkyesyA deky lkWc”fu bljkj” fdU;~ vksl lquhy U;l”c ru[kkg ekft fnokuA ckd; vksl

lq ikul I;B oqMkokuA ';kek th E;wy vFk eat+ fr cM” LdwuA rfe vksl u” t+kag

lwapeqrq; ft+ lquhy usfj deko”fuA deky lkWc vksl ouku ft+ cpl l[rh dj”U;~ Nqu” Bh[kA

okj” okj” QqfV iku;A rlqan ouqu æko u” xyFkA o[rl l•R;~ l•R;~ áWP+k”u lquhyl L;Bkg

cqnZckWjh f;U;~A

lkgkc th vksl ;N+ku ihŒ ,pŒ MhŒ djqu exj ekWfyl vkWl”l u” rFk l•R;~ cjkcWnhA lq

vksl ;N+ku rl MkDVj cukoquA lkgkc th;u dk]j ,eŒ chŒ chŒ ,lŒA ckLdj ukFku vksl

ok]Qwj ik¡l” deksoqeqr r” iuqu uko Fkou” [kkWrj” dk]j rWE;~ u]pqo yanul eat+ et+hn ijukouqd

QkWly”A vfe [kkWrj” dk]rkg ik¡l” I;o rl |qu] fr ok]u u” rWE;~ dk¡flA freo ok]u lkfju”;

;h ft+ lkgkc ft;l okWp+ rksj; vkQjA

ckLdj ukFku FkWo u” u]fpfol dqfu d”Le”p dkag dWehA ;wr ik¡l” rWE;~ ek] ax”ul] R;wr

lwT+k”ulA vkW[k”j rl fr dl D;qr vksl\ rWE;~ ok]u t+ukfu] ßdwj xWf; vkW[k”j ywd” gqan

ekyA [kkanj djksl r” usfj xj” iuquA f; Nq fr Nq] r” lkgkc ft;l D;qrq; NqA okj” dkj”

f;f; ck]M ckj” MkDVj cWfuFk okilA cM~;u cM~;u gLirkyu eat+ djul Fki” FkQA yanu”fp

fMxzh r” ;]frfp fMxzh xWf; t+Wehu vkleku Q[kZA c]f; ou; v[k dFkA rla”fn f;u” czk—Bq;

Fko; c” rl fdp+ uWo xkWM~; vWfuFkAÞ fueZykth xWf; [oÓ exj rl vko D;kgrkU;~

[k;ky r” ok]uqul] ßrk]á g; vkWflo” ouku] f; vksl fr yk]x lksjq; lkgkc th;lA r]fy

dFk vWfuo xkWM~;\Þ ckLdj ukFku letkWo] ßur” dfr fN ik¡l”\ oqU;~D;l Nu” dkWe fr

[kkl d] agA nQ E; Nq th ih QaMl nj[kkl dk]jeqrA ;Fk g¶rl eat+ usfjAÞ ßexj ----Þ]

tsók módúr

fueZykth áp+kso D;kg rkU;~ ouqu ft+ ckLdj ukFku p+WV rla”t+ dFk] ßir” Nk f;eu thŒ

ihŒ QaM ik¡lu”; dqu oqNquA nk]ie; f; E; dekso] rfe lkl” xu” dekfo lkgkc thA nQ

oqU;~D;l xfN+ ywdu fQfdfjg rjqu ft+ lkgkc th dlqan u]pqo xoAÞ

exj ywdu rk]j u” fdfgU;~ fQfdfjgA t+jd” cj[k djo”U;~ uWo dkj :t+ vkaxul eat+

lkgkc th;l çkjku] exj lkgkc th vko u” d] agA rWE;~ lwt+ Ó]N ft+ rl fN yanul eaT+k”;

vWfdl tku gLirkyl eat+ uksdjh cuku r” fQygky g]fd u” lq f;FkA fueZykth :n u”

DoB~;u ál”;A vM” [o[kfj t+ckWU;~ e¡T;~ rfe ccyh =sÓA =sÓ P;Fk ;]fy rfe ckLdj

ukFkl dqu ut+j =kWo] rl oqfNu vWNu eat+ vWthc pedA ckLdj ukFku nk]iul] ßf; xo

u]pqo vklquA c” vkslql XoM; t+kWfuFk ft+ rl =kou u” ;ksj d] agA ik]t+ g; ckst+[k] rl

vkL;[k rfr fr Fki” FkQ dWje”p+A jkst+ r” OoU;~ r;kjA okj” dkj” xN+o vWL;~ fr rw;ZA ir”

oqN[k ---- AÞ ckLdj ukFk jwn oukuA exj fueZykth vkWl ;hfrl dkyl U;~l”c yanu

okWp+e”p+A nk]iul] ßvn” |o vWL;~ fr ;]fe fÓdl” eaT+k” vkt+kn xN+oAÞ

'ku lru oWfj;u eaT+k”; dWj deky lkWcl Donjru l[k ;kWjhA rl cU;~o dkWQh ik¡l” r” lq

vko Ógj”D;u cM~;u ek]gfuO;u eat+ Óqekj dju”A lquhy”U;~ dkWe r” P+kqd oqfNFk vksl lq

XoM; eqrkWflj] exj vWD;~ okdWgWu vk]u lquhy”fu ft+anxh eat+ t+cjnLr budykcA

vkjeh áMDokVju dk]M Qkst”fd [kkWrj” iwj” oWfj;l I;B T+;qu liykbZ djuqd

V] aMjA dkWe vkWl djksj” c|u jk]i;uA reke cWM~; cWM~; Bsd”nj vkf; p+WflFk] exj lkfju”;

:n deky lkWcqu QªBA freu vkWl [kcj ft+ deky lkWc Nq vFk dkjl eat+ f[kykWM~;A

freo dWj rl

V] aMju eat+ cjknWjh dju”p xqt+kWfjÓ] exj deky lkWc xo u” r;kjA rWE;~ oksu”u[k ;l eqdíj

vkfl lq fuf;A Bsd”nju eat+ vksl v[k uQj yky nhuA lq vksl dqfu fr rWjhd” ;N+ku f;

dkWe [k]U;~A rWE;~ dWj lkfju”; Bsd”nju r” [kkl dWfjFk deky lkWcl ik¡l” fnFk yk]c [klu”p

isÓdÓA ckd; Bsd”nj xWf; vkekn” frD;kft+ fre ád”gWu u” f;eu }u czk—B” dfu oqrfjFkA

exj deky lkWc vko u” yky nhul vFkl eat+A ekey” I;o vWfr;A


yky nhu vksl L;Bkg pkyk[k r” eDdkjA rl yWt irkg ft+ deky lkWcqU;~ dkdt+h

dkWe Nq lquhy lackykuA rl vksl iwj” ;]dhu ft+ deky lkWc ys[k”ukfo iuqu V] aMj lquhyl

vfFk;A rh liqn frA deky lkWcu ys[k”ukso dky” Ókel iuqu V] aMj lquhyl vfFk r” dk]jqu

lhy canA nk]f;fe }g lqcgkW; oksr yky nhu iuqu v[k lkWFkh áFk lquhyqu xj” r” dk]jqu

rl vkyoA lquhy æko U;~cjA lq t+kfugs u” yky nhul d] agA yky nhuu [kksj lq cgku”

dWfjFk dkfj r” U;~wu vWfdl gksVyl eat+A yky nhuu vkWL; cSxl eat+ v[k yN j~oif;



vWU;~e”R;~A rWE;~ ok]u lquhyl] ^^oqN lkW xk]cjk] f; Nq; v[k yNA f; xo lkfu rjQ” P+;

;uke”A dk¡fl yfx u” dul du irkgA P+; N; flfjQ vfl deky lkWcfu jsV” ou”fuA**

lquhy yk]x lk—pfuA yky nhuu |qrqul fnykl”A nk]iul] ßP+k” dj vfl I;B ;]dhuA [onk

xokg] lkWU;~ t+cku [kqfy u” d] agAÞ lquhy xo vkekn” r” nk]iul] ßE; Nqu” t+ckWuh ;knA

exj V] aMj cju” czk—B v[k xaV” oukso” c” lksjq;AÞ yky nhu xo [oÓA QkWly” xo ft+

eqdjZ o[rl I;B okru fre vWfdl eqdjZ tkf;] ;]fr lquhy freu v[k ijp” fiy”ukfoA

vFk ijpl I;B vkfl lksjq; yhf[kFkA

cjkcj o[rl I;B oksr lquhy tkf; I;B r” dkag dFk dju” ojkW; fiy”uksoqu yky nhul

ijp”A yky nhuu fnp+ ijpl ut+jA rl vko cqfFkl jaxA lquhy æko okilA

V] aMj vkf; [kksyu”A deky lkWc vksl lkfju”; ljlA Bsd”nj lesf; rl v¡| v¡| r” yWfxl

eqckj[k djfuA exj freu eat+ vksl u” yky nhu d] agA rl vksl xkseqr xkW;y”A lq vksl

iu”U;~o lkWfFk;o vWfdl C;apl I;B =ksoqeqrA v[k vkslql gok djku r ” C;k[k =sÓ pkokuA

Ykky nhul vksl Ójkjr” l•R;~ cqFk Oot+Y;kseqrA lq p]f;gs lquhyl jFkA j~oif; jVu”p dFk

deky lkWcl cksT+k”ukou” [kkWrj” oksr lq Ókel iuqu lkWFkh áFk deky lkWcqu xj” r” oWfuu

rl lkWj”; nWyhyA deky lkWc :n ckst+kuA ;]fy yky nhuu N+~oi” dWj] deky lkWcu dk]j

lquhyl vkyoA lquhy vko j~oif; cSx áFk r” Fkk]oqu deky lkWcl czk—B” dfuA yky nhul

vko u” d] ag letA deky lkWcu fiy”ukso cSx yky nhul dqu r” rksj”ul fQfdfjg] ßE;

fN f; lkWj”; nWyhy irkgA lquhyu vksl E; lksjq; ok]uqeqrA e]; |qr vWfel lq ijp”

yhf[kFk ;ql vWE;~ Rofg |qrquo”A vxj f; ;]fN+gs] f; g]fdgs j~oif; jWfVFk Rofg lksjq; jkt+

oWfuFkA E; yfxgs u” dul du [kcjA exj vWE;~ dk]j u” frA frD;kft+ f; Nq Fkfn ikf;

ekWfyl ekft gqan vkSyknA bZekunkWjh gqan ;qFk uk]u lk]cwr fnFk dk]j u” vWE;~ flfjQ ekWfyl

ekft gqanq; ;ksr uko jksÓu] cWY;~fd Fkk]oqu E;ksu fr ;t+FkA E; vksl iwj” ;]dhu ft+ f; Nq

v[k yky r” f; Nq flfjQ gkykro [kjkc dk]jeqrA vWE;~la”| vWft+D;~ dkjukeu |qr f;

lkWfcr dWfjFk ft+ E;ksu lk—pqu vksl lWghA E; Nq vWfel I;B Q[k”jA vWT+;~fd I;B” fN E;

iWT+;~ikWB~; T+k” u]fpO;~] jWÓhn” r” lquhyAÞ deky lkWcl yk]x f; ouku ouku gk]VA yky nhu

xo Ójean” r” e¡ftu deky lkWcl ekWQhA lquhyl dqu =kWo”u ut+j r” ok]uqul] ßok;] e]fr

vkflgs p+]; áw v[kkg!Þ

tsók módúr

deky lkWcu gkso iuqu okn” iwj” dWfjFkA jWÓhn” vkslq; dkj”ckjqd ekWfyd] exj deky lkWcu

Fkk]o lquhyl fr dkj”ckjl eat+ Ó] vku” fgl”A dEiWuh vko uk]o uko fnu” ^deky ,aM

,lksL;sV”l & Qk;ZLV yslht+*A ';kekth vkf; u” iN+A vt+ vksl xkseqr rlqan ckWrqy iWT+;~

ikWB~; ckWFk fnFkA Lo vkWl oqfu fr vWNu ewju fnokuA ßf; Nk it+j fdu” lk]iqu\Þ ewrh

yky”ful QksVqol uWo eky =kfoFk ok]uqu rl dqu] ßvt+ xkse pksu uko jksÓuAÞ

Lquhy cU;~o OoU;~ lquhy thA ufo dkfe eat+ vko t+cjnLr QkW;n”A vWfdl”; oWfj;l

eat+ vWU;~ lquhy th;u iu”U;~ t+kWrh dkjA çksu edku” d”fuFk cuksoqu cjT+kqfy uk]o ca”xy”A

';kekth vkWl OoU;~ jkT+k” ck;A rl :t+ u” dqfu phT+k”p dkag dWehA Lo vkWl deky

lkWcl Óqdqj xqt+kj] ;]E;~ rla”fnl ojQrkjl j”p+ oFk gkWoA rl vkWl vdkW; dFk t+]fo I;B]

ßdeky lkWcl dfr ád” gwfjFk\Þ

vWfdl oWfj;l yan”ul eat+ uksdjh dWfjFk vko lkgkc th NqVh I;B xj”AA lq vksl u” dqfu

lwjrl eat+ dWÓhfj jkst+ul r;kjA rl vksl Óks[k yanul eaT+k”; jkst+uqdA rWE;~ dk]j eksy

ekWt fr vfe dfFk [kkWrj” vkekn” ft+ ckLdj ukFk”fu fjVk;j xN+u” ir” jkst+u fre fr

u]fpfol l•fr;A ckLdj ukFk r” fujeyk th vkWL;~ [oÓA ckLdj ukFk”ful fjVk;j xN+ul

vkWL;~ OoU;~ elkg p+ksj+ oWjhA rWE;~ ok]u fujeyk th dqu] ßf;e p+ksj oWjh usju oqNku oqNkuA

rhfrl dkyl okyksu okj” dkj” ccyh fr u[k”A v[krq; xo tkuA fjVk;j xWfN+Fk D;kg Nq

;]fr djquA f; Nk dkag tk; jkst+u” [kkWrj”\Þ ;u” rWE;~ ^yanu fczt* r” ^FksEt+* nWfj;koqd

QksVqo vWfdl dSyaMjl I;B oqNqeqr vksl] ru” vkWl rl f; tk; oqNu”p l[k dy æke”p+A

ßvn” egkxW.khÓu cwT+kquo” rqgqanq;Þ] ok]uqul fujeyk th okilA vfe; lkr” Fkk]o rfe

egkxW.khÓl jksBA


lkgkc th æko iankfg nk]á okilA usjku usjku dk]j rWE;~ ekWfyl ekft bljkj] ßczk—Bql

;hro pdjkg djfu j~;rl }u j~;ruA c” lkst+kso” fVdVAÞ exj ckLdj ukFku eksuql u”

d] agA nk]iul] ßokj” dkj” Nq p+ksfj o”g”;Z xN+uq;A cWY;~ D;kg Nq ik¡l” t+kf; djquAÞ vkW[k”j

i]f; lkgkc th;l ekWY;~ la”T+k”; dFk eku”U;~A v[k dFk FkWoul fujeyk th XoM; u[k”

okWfyFk] ßoWjh T+k” oWjh xWfN+Fk djks; okj” dkj” [kkanjA dkag tku igu dwj oqfNFk lkst+; c”

rlqan QksVqoA oSls P+; dkWp+kg iWje”p+ xfN+; dwj vkl”U;~\Þ lkgkc th;u p+WV rla”t+ dFk]

^^gr; E; D;kg Nq vFk i`N+quA f; rk]á dWfjo fr Nq E; eaT+kwjA c” Nql” ekWfyl ekft

i]B~;\* fujeyk th vkWL;~ Cod” ¶oykuA l¡pqu] ßcykf; yWtllA u]pqo Nqe LouA vWfel

xWN+”e u” dk¡fl ga”t+ ut+j yx”U;~AÞ



lkgkc th vksl iWT+;~ ikWB~; LouA rWE;~ eksu”; u” c]fu u[k” okyu” czk—B [kkanj djquA

ccyh vksl ,eŒ ,lŒ lhŒ dksjeqr r” Lo vkWl vWfdl dkfytl eat+ Y;dpjZ yWte”p+A rl

liqn eksgu d`".kl l•R;~ [kkanjA eksgu d`".k vksl MkDVjA f; [kkanj vksl ckLdj ukFku

ckt+kWI;~r” V]fdU;~ jykWfoFk r; dk]jeqrA eksgu d`".k vksl fnyqd ueZ r” nktl ngstl

[kykQA rlqan eksy ekWt fr vkWL;~ L;Bkg j”R;~A freo dWj u” ckLdj ukFkl dkag

QjekWf;ÓA gkykafd ywdu fuÓ vksl freo cwT+keqr ft+ rWE;~ Nq uksdjh eat+ dkWQh ik¡l”

deksoeqrA OoU;~ vkslql u]pqo fr t+sukuA ik¡l” xWfN+l uk vkl”U;~\ exj fre vkWL;~ ouku]

ßvfl ;]N+~;ru iu”ful”; u]fpO;~ lqan gkoqu r” NkoquA ywd” ga”fnl I;B D;kft+ Fkoo ut+jAÞ

ccyh r” eksgu d`".kl fr vksl iku”oWU;~ tku r” }uo; vkWL;~ v[k vWfdl l•R;~ [oÓA

ckLdj ukFk”U;~ ekWyh gkyr vkWl u” oqU;~D;l rhp+ tku d] agA exj rfe ir” fr f; rla”fn

rjQ” eqefdu liqn] fr dk]j rWE;~A lkgkc thfu rjQ” li|ksl u” [kkl dkag vFk”jk]VA rWE;~

nk]iul] ßE; Nq edku” áuqd [k;ky r” [kpZ Nqe dkWQhAÞ

lkgkc th vksl ccyh ga”fnl [kkanjl I;B flfjQ vkWBu }gu gq¡fn [kkWrj” vkeqrA lq

vksl çksu gLirky =kWfoFk vWfdl uWfol gLirkyl eat+ xkseqrA vfe fdU;~ vkl”l u” T+;kn”

NqVhA dksfj r” t+ker”fjl fFk; ;]fy fujeyk th rla”fn [kkanj”p dFk rqt] rWE;~ dk]j lkQ

bUdkjA nk]iqu ;hfrl dkyl u” c” iwj” ikWB~; L;V”y xN+”] rhfrl dkyl Nq u” [kkanjqd

loky”;A fujeyk th vko u” rlqan f; tokc ilanA rl cklsf; vWT+;fp yfV lkgkc th;l

eat+ dkWQh Q[kZ vke”p+A lkgkc thfu okil usju” ir” ;]fy rfe f; dFk ckLdj ukFkl l•R;~

rqt] rWE;~ ok]uql] ßcp” NqA uWo uksdjh NlA ijsÓkWuh vkL;l uk\ c]f;] rfr dql Nql vFk”

jk]V djul\ lksjq; vkL;l I;oku iku”l”; djquA ;hfrl dkyl u” vWL;~ xN+o] rhfrl

dkyl Nql fcpkjl eqlhcr”;AÞ fujeyk th =kso OoÓA rl ;ql ckj fnyl I;B vksl] lq

p+k]yql ckLdj ukFk”fu vfd; dfFk l•R;~A exj ijsÓkWuh :T+k”l rksfrA lkgkc th;l lifngs

ty ty [kkanj r” xjl eat+ f;f;gs UoÓA rfe vkWl lkgkc thfu [kkWrj” dwj fr oqfNFk

FkWoe”p+A Loanj r” lqÓhy dwjA fujeyk th vksl iwj” ;]dhu ft+ gjxkg Lo rla”t+ UoÓ cfu]

rl okfr l[k [kWneFkA Lo vkWl lk—pku] ß[kkanj” ir; ek fu;l lkgkc th ikul l•R;~!

oWjh M~oM oWjh Nql C;qgquq;] ;hfrl dkyl lkgkc th;qu eksy fjVk;j xfN+A ir” xN+o

lkWfj; f;d”oV”AÞ

exj fujeyk th gqan f; vjeku xo u” iwj” d] agA iwj” vWfdl oWfj;l ysfN lkgkc th;u

elkg =] fpfBA [kkanjl eqrfyd dkag dFk ys[k”uqd vksl rly”g”;] lq vksl u” Ó]N [kcj

fr okj” ikWB~; ys[kkuA ir” xo fpB~; okrul fr Fk[kA ckLdj ukFk r” fujeyk th vkWL;~

ijsÓkuA ckLdj ukFkl oksr fjVk;j xN+uqd o[r uWT+;~nh[kA rl vksl u” let”; f;oku ft+

vkW[k”j usju”p r;kWjh g; dj”U;~ fN] Lo fdFk” ikWB~; djoA iwj” çksxzke Nk cukWfoFk Fkoqu]

fdu” u\

tsók módúr

ckLdj ukFkl I;o u” T+;kn” dkyl çkjquA fjVk;je] aV” czk—B”; okWp+ rl lkgkc thf;U;~

fpB~;A fpfB gqan uko cwft+Fk”; xWf; fujeyk th f; nWI;~ft+ fr Mqy”A ckLdj ukFku e”p+jkWo

fpB~; r” yk]x ijfuA okj” okj” ¶;wj rl cqfFkl Y;k]nqj jaxA fpB~; i];l vFk” eaT+k” iFkjA

fujeyk th :t+ jk]cwn” fgÓ oqNkuA ckLdj ukFkl Qwj u” fdfgU;~A rl vkl” lkgkc thful

QksVqol dqu vWN njlA áeFk dWfjFk rqt fujeyk th fpB~; vFkl D;Fk r ” iWj”uA

vt+ vksl ckLdj ukFkl ok]gj”oksnA fjVk;j xkWe”frl xo rl yxcx v[k oWjhA lq vksl

eksgu th;l l•R;~ cSBfd eat+ fcfgFk r” ccyh vkWl pksdl eat+ ekft enn djkuA eksgu

th vksl ouku ckLdj ukFkl] ^^=kWfoo ekgjk çkfu dFk”A f;e” dFk” dju” l•R;~ D;kg eryc

usfj\ lkgkc th;l fr vkflgs d] ag etcwjhA ;k lwapqeqr vkL;u [kcj rk]á nhoqlk btkt+Fk\**

nj vl”y vksl lkgkc th;u ikul l•fr; dkWe dju oktfu ysMh MkDVj inekf; l•R;~

[kkanj dk]jeqrAA inek vkWl tku vklu okY;u ga”t+ dwjA exj rl vksl u” cks; dkag ;ql

rla”fn [kkanj” ir” ekWfyl ekft ga”t+ [kWneFk dfjgsA vfe [kkWrj” vksl rfe XoM; ÓrZ Fkk]oeqr

ft+ lkgkc th;l i]f; rla”fnl”; xjl eat+ jksT+kquA f; dFk vkWl lkgkc th;u eaT+kwj dWje”p+A

v[k vkWl rl inek ilanA c]f; vksl rl inekf; ga”fn [kk]r” T+;kn” f; ilan ft+ rl esfygs

[kkanj” ir” dkWQh nkSyFkA inekf; ga”ft+ ekft vksl u” l]gr Bh[kA Lo vkWl ;N+ku iu”fu

ft+an”xkWuh eaT+k”; dksfj gqan [kkanj oqNquA lkgkc th vksl u” ;N+ku iu”ful [kkanjl eat+ ekWfyl

ekft ga”t+ eqnk[kyrA rl vkWl irkg ft+ rlqan eksy ekWt fN rl ;N+ku dWÓhfj eaT+k ”; [kkanj

djquA exj rl vksl u” f; eaT+kwjA lkgkc th;u vksl OoU;~ nqfu;kg oqNeqr] ßdqtk yanul

eat+ MkDVWjh iWje”p+ dwj r” dqtk dWÓhfj ga”t+ dwjA }ÓoWU;~ fN t+Wehu vkleku Q[kZA E; Nk

ft+an”xh eat+ czk—B idqu fdu” iFk xN+quAÞ vfe fdU;~ FkWo u” rWE;~ dul du dk¡fl [kcj

r” U;~wu [kkanj dWfjFkA lkgkc th;qu [kkanj vksl nj vLy ccyh ga ”fn [kkanj” czk—B”; li|kseqrA

rfe; vkWl rl ccyh ga”fnl [kkanjl I;B okil usj+u”p tYnhA edku” eWY;~ áu”p dFk fr

vkWl rWE;~ xyFk oWU;~e”p+A it+j vksl f; ft+ rl vksl iu”ful [kkanjl I;B”; lksjq; ik¡l”

[kpZ xkseqrA


ckLdj ukFku p+WV eksgu thf;U;~ dFk] ßE; u lkW Nqu” vfe dfFk gqan vQlwl ft+ vfl

i`N+u” ojkW; D;kft+ dk]j rWE;~ [kkanjA u Nqe f; vQlwl ft+ vWL;~ D;kft+ fu;u u” ikul

fuÓA c” Nql ekWfuFk ft+ lkfu rksj xN+u” l•R;~ cfMgs rl [kjp”A c]f; gk]go”;Z xjl eat+

fdFk” ikWB~; Fkfogs vfl\ exj E; Nq vfd dfFk gqan L;Bkg vQlwlA rla”ft+ t+ukfu ;]fy

iu”ful ekWfyl ekft gqan lwap] rWE;~ D;kft+ lwap u”\ rWE;~ ok]u uk rl ft+ E;kWful ekWfyl

ekft dql Nq oqNu oksy\ rWE;~ dk]j” j~oi;u lkfu [kk]r” T+;kn” Eoy\ vfl vksl u” rlqan



ik¡l” cdkjA exj rl :n uk ;kn ft+ vfl fdFk” ikWB~; jk]N lqA lq xk]N+k E; cqfMFk ouqu

ft+ lkWfj; ;]fy i]UÓu ik¡lu I;B fN xqt+kj” djku] rk]á D;kft+ g]fdo u” dWfjFk\Þ f;

oWfuFk ok]Fk ckLdj ukFkl vk]ÓA eksgu th;u ok]uqul] ßf; ekgjk xo u” Bh[kA fny xfN+ u”

YodqV djquA c” Nql uk rqgqan vkSyknAÞ ckLdj ukFku jk]Vul vFkl eat+ vFk” r” ok]uqul]

ßrqgqanq; lgkj” NqA ur” vkflgs dksBu [kcj D;kg xqnj~;kseqrA vWL; dfr ádo Rofg ckWp+u

}u gwfjFkA c” vkslql lk—pku ft+ E;ksu vlyh tkWxhj Nq E;ksu u]pqoA exj fr vksl u”

it+jA it+j Nq f; ft+ dwj”; fN ekWfyl ekft ga”t+ gennZ r” [kWneFk xqt+kjAÞ ckLdj ukFkqu

ouqu vksl ik]t+A rla”fn fjVk;j xN+u” ir” jwt+ freu ckWp+u }u dwj”; Óku” fnFkA freu xo

f; eWfÓFk”; ft+ freu vksl u]pqo =kWfoFk xkseqrA

lquhy thfu [kkanjqd dkMZ fnu” [kkWrj” oWN+ ';kek th ckLdj ukFkqu xj”A dkspl vp+oquq;

i]f; rl fujeyk th I;B ut+jA dkfj eaT+k” Cou oWflFk jWV rfe fujeyk th uky”efrA

fujeyk th vkf; u” iN+A ;u” ';kek th ufo tkf; clfu xWf;] ru” vkf; Lo XoMfufp

yfV vFk eWgyl eat+A ckLdj ukFku fr dk]jul l[k ;t+FkA nk]iul iu”ful cpl Nq [kkanj

r” vWfl; xWN+~; uk f;U;~A usju” o[r” ækf; fujeyk th rl U;~cj rkU;~ l•R;~A Mªk;oju

e”p+jkso njokt+”A dkfj eat+ C;gku C;gku I;o ';kekth ;kn r” i`N+qu fujeyk th] ßdql

rkU;~ vkslqe ouku Rofg Nqo” U;~cj xN+quA OoU;~ f;u” lkWful”; [kkanjl I;B xWfN+oAÞ fujeyk

th |qrqul fnykl”A nk]iul] ßlkgkc th Nq l[k ir” yk]xeqrA exj vWfel Nu” ikul rfr

jkst+ul cjkcWnhA niku Nq iu”U;~ T+;u” tk; r” iu”U;~ vax vkWÓ”uko =kWfoFk dk]r xN+oAÞ

tsók módúr

66 ddààrrûûhhòòrr -- nnkkjj ””ggkk ssjj

fnfy g”afnl esfMdy balfVP;wVl eat+ xo vt+ dqekj ft;l iwj” v[k j~;FkA rl vksl

Cod”oP;u gqan nksnA oqU;~~D;l vkWl rl C;Ml I;B eLr u] an”j ise”p+A dyl vkslql daxqo

fnu; r” cqfFkl vkWl”l L;Bkg nkWj vke”p+A jkuh vkWl gLirky”fdl vkaxul eat+ vWfdl

C;apl I;B fcfgFk ckWf;l çkjkuA Mcy p+k]V vkWl”l vFkl D;Fk r” ut+j vkWl”l lMfd

dquA vkaxul eat+ vksl ywd” vjlkFkkg exj lkWfj; vkWL;~ iu”U;u iu”U;u gkWfjlkru l•R;A

dk¡fl vWfdl vkWl u” c]f; l”at+ fQfdjA f; gLirky vksl u” jkuh g”afn [kkWrj” uk]o d] agA

;]fr vksl rWE;~ ikikthfu o[r” fr okfj;kg dky xqt+ksjeqrA lksjq; vksl R;qFkq;A dqfu pht+l

vkWl u” dkag Q[kZ vke”p+A jkuh vksl cklku t+u xWf; rl v[k ok¡l vWfr;A

jkuh FkWo Mcy p+k]V iFkj r” =kWo”u C;apl I;B”; yjA vt+ vkWl u” rfe jkrl vWN

oWVe”p+ frD;kft+ dqekj th;l u[k” ;ql C;ekj vksl] rWE; vksl jkWR; jkrl iwj” okMZ u[kl

rqyeqrA lq ouku D;kg vksl] fr vko u” dk¡fl le”tA niku ;u” lq gLirkyl eat+ nkW[k”y

vksl xkseqr ru” vko u” rl dkag ut+j fnfuA rl fr vksl ;k]gk]; nksn ;ql dqekj th;l

vkslA ywdu g”afn enr” l•R;~ dk]j uWjfl r” okMZ Cok;u cM” eqf'dyh lku lq dkscw r”

batdÓu dWfjFk ikWo”gWl u—n”jA vfe ir” vkf; u” jkuh u] an”j fdfgU;~ r” Lo jwt+ jkWR;~ jkrl

gqÓkj”;A

dkfj g”aft+ gkjfu l•R;~ e”p+jkfo jkuh vWNA vfd ufo ek:rh dkfj eaT+k” oWF;~ ckWp+ T+k”

vWfdl eW;Z|kne bulkul FkQ dWfjFk r” p+kf; vkbZŒ lhŒ ;wŒ gl vanjA enZl vksl uk]o

vkLekWuh jax” lwB ykWfxFkA gWfVl vkWl”l VkbZ r” [oju uk]o cwBA t+ukfu fr vkWl uWo

cukjlh nwR;~ ykWfxFkA cklku vksl gky gky”; NqgW[k [kkanj dk]jeqrA jkuh I;o iuqu o[r

;kn ;]fy Lo r” dqekj th f;Fk; ikWB~;~ ikikth áFk vksj vkWL;~ vke”R;~ r” ikikth vkslq[k

vkbZŒ lhŒ ;wŒ gl eat+ nkW[k”y dk]jeqrA jkuh yWt~ ek:rh dkfj eqn; x¡fMFk oqNfuA f;

dkj fr vkWl fcydqy frN+”; f;N+ dqekj th;u vkWl vWU;~e”p+ r” ;Fk I;B xjl eat+

t+cjnLr rukT+k” vksl li|kseqrA


dqekj th;u vksl chŒ ,Œ dk]jeqr r” lq vksl ekWY;~ l”afnl lk]dwyl eaT+k”; dkWe djkuA

rlqan eksy ikikth vksl fjVk;j xN+u” czk—B rWglhy ,tqdsÓu vQlj jwneqrA vfe ir” vksl

rWE;~ iuqu lk]dwy [kwyeqrA rl vksl cM” Óks[k ft+ rl”a| }u”o; u]fpO;~ dj”gWu rl lk]dwy

pyko”ul eat+ ennA exj Óknh yky”fu U;cj xN+u” l•R; oksr rl jN+kg nnkj”A ikikth;l

vksl u” OoU;~ l]gr Bh[k jkst+kuA Y;gkt+k vksl lk ]dwyqd lksjq; ckj dqekj th;l I;B”;A



jkuh vksl u” [kkanjl I;B [kkl nkt vk]ueqrA dqekj th;l r” rl”afnl ekWfyl vksl u”

vE;qd dkag eyky”] frD;kft+ fre vkWL; gesÓ” vFk pht+l [kykQA exj dqekj thfu c]fu

dkdh vksl l[k dhu”A rfe vksl iu”fu o[r” fr ekWfyl f; nWI;~ft+ fr jFk okWfyFk vxul

}xu nkt ák]reqrA

jkuh vksl ekfyU;qd uko larksÓ”A rlqan eksy vksl v[k YodqV EodqV eqykWft+e r” rl vkWl

u” vkenWuh rhp+ T+;kn”A exj Óq;Zu ijuko”ul eat+ jwn u” lq iFkA larks'kl vkWl ekWt

Yod”pkj; ewe”p+A rlqan ck]M cks; eksgu th vksl chŒ ,lŒ lhŒ dWfjFk uksdjh djkuA eksgu

thfu [kkanj” o[r” vkWl larksÓ” cWáfe tekWp+ ijkuA eksgu thf;U;~ t+uku” vkWl vWehj ekWY;~

l”at+ dwj r” rfe vksl nkt” j¡X;~ dkWQh ud”n r” ftUl vk]ueqrA okW;Zqo okWfrFk”; jk]V rfe

xj” iu”ful vFkl eat+A xfjp lkWj”; dkWe jwt+ larksÓ”l”; efV r” vFk eat+ xo u” rl dkag

vFk” jk]VA larksÓqu czk—Bdqu ijqu vko u” cW;dkdfu ilanA rfe dk]j ,syku ft+ dksfj gqan ckg

tekWp+ ijqu xo L;Bkg r” vfe ir” xo rlqan okW;Zqo xN+uq; tkuA larksÓl vksl chŒ ,Œ

djuqd l[k Óks[k exj lq Óks[k xo u” rl iwj”A rl”afnl ekWfyl fr pY;o u” UofÓ czk—B”

dfu d] agA uWrht” æko ft+ larksÓl dk]jq[k cWfge ikl dW;ZFk”; [kkanjA [kkanj N+kaMul eat+ fr

dWj u” eksgu th;u [kkl dwfÓÓA ;ql rku cqfFk vkl] rWF;~ dk]jqu vkadkjA

jkuh vkWl ikikth;l ekWY;~ l”a| ikWB~; ;t+Fk djku r” lq fr vksl rl l[k jNkuA f; dFk

vkWl dkdh ukxokj xqt+jkuA Lo ;]fy ;]fy ekY;qu f;f;gs] r]fy r]fy vkWl Lo ghFk r”

cgku” jWfVFk ckWf;l r” ekWfyl fuÓ jkuh g”at+ pk]x”Y;~ [;okuA dqekj th vksl XoM” XoM”

vfd du” ckst+ku r” c]f; du” =koku] ;qFk u” xjl eat+ Qlkn OofFkA exj okj” okj” jwt+

f; eqP+kqdjh t+sBku r” vE;qd vlj ák]rqu xjl I;B I;k]uA dqfu dqfu lkr” vksl dqekj th

c]fu gqan ik]t+ vik]t+ cwft+Fk t+ukfu j”Mku] ;Fk I;B x;Zqd ekgksy l[k [kjkc vksl linkuA

ikikth vksl vke rksj jkuh gqan rjQ djku] ;]fe fdU;~ rl dksfj l•R;~ nq'eunkWjh vkWlA lq

vksl XoM; iu”fu nkfn fdU;~ ijsÓku r” vfe æk¡t æk¡t l•R; xo lq okj; iFkA 'ku lru

j~;ru”; eat+ xWf; rl frN+ gkyr ft+ lq I;o fnfy g”afnl vky bafM;k esfMdy bUlfVP;wVl

eat+ nkW[k”y djquA

dqekj thU;u I;o gLirky oku cM” æk]xA vfd ir” v[k V~;LV r” v[k nksn cyu” czk—

Bq; C;k[k nksnA j~;Fk rkj” jwn f; flyfly” pyku exj vk[k”jl jkso lksj”;A ikikth;u |qr

gLirkyl eaT+k”; vekuFkA ;hfrl dkyl vkWL;~ dqekj thf;U;~ tkWU;~ fr xkWe”R;~ r” ekWY;~ frA

tsók módúr

ikikth;u vksl dqekj thfu [kkanj” ir; uWV~;~ iks;Zqd t+Wehfu IykV dqueqrA rl vksl u]fpfol

fdp+ dkj áuqd l[k Óks[kA niku vksl dqekj thf;U;~ lkWfj; ;kj fN dkju eat+ Qsjku r”

tku xW;kso vxj vWfel fr dkj vkflgsA gkykafd dqekj th vksl t+Wehu d”u”ul [kykQ

exj ekWY;~ l”afnl ft+nl czk] ag dfu pY;ksl u” d] agA v[k dFk vkWl t+k]jwjA dqekj th;l fr

vksl l[k Óks[k ft+ iu”fu dkfj eat+ xfN+gs eksy áFk ekrkf; gqan njÓk]u djfuA exj f;

Óks[k xo u” iwj” d] agA dkj áu” czk—Bq; I;o ikikth C;ekj r” rWF;~ l•R;~ Eodysf; ik¡l” r”

x;Zqd lqdwuA

eksy eju” ir” xo dkdh gqan ckWf;l r” cW;dkdfu fuÓ ;qu L;Bkg deA exj vaxu

vkWÓukou eat+ frg”at+ cnukWeh djul jwt+ u” Lo iFk d] agA lkfju”; ok]uqu ft+ dkj vu”uqd

Óks[k vksl vlyh jkuh ekfyA rfe; dk]j ikikth t+Wehu d”u”ul I;B etcwjA ik¡lu I;B fr

yksx dkdh U;k;A nk]iqu t+Wehfu gqan ik¡l” dfr yk]x lksjq; ikikth;l\ lq Fkk]o U;Lc” [kk]r”

T+;kn” jkuh nckWfoFkA rfe Nq dqekj th Fkk]oeqr vFkl eat+A f; ouku Nl] lq Nq rh djkuA

dqekj th;l vkWl u” lk]dwy” eaT+k” T+;kn” vkenWuh d] agA exj rfe ir” fr vksl rl

t+Wehfu ik¡lo vyko” L;Bkg [kpZ xkseqr ;ql rWE;~ ;kj nksLru fuÓ dt+Z dWfjFk vksl rqyeqrA

dqekj th;l vksl u” fglkc yhf[kFk Fkouqd vknFkA rfe; vksl u” rWE;~ ekWfyl I;B [kpZ

dW;Ze”fr ik¡lqd fglkc Y;w[keqrA exj dkdh yksx fglkcl I;B l[k ny”okaT+kqo r” ely”

I;o vk[k”j Óknh ykyl I;BA


Óknh yky vksl dqekj th;qu YodqV cks;] exj it+j vksl f; ft+ dqekj th vksl u”

ikikth;l iuqu u]pqoA niku [kkanj” ir” vkWBu oWfj;u rkU;~ fr jwt+ vkÓk th cs&vkSyknA

vWfdl c]f;l”afnl ou”ul I;B vk]u freo vfd uWjflax gkse” I;B” v[k cp” e¡fxFkA cpl

vkWl ekWt ewe”p+ r” eksy vksl u” rl nk];qe [kkanj dju” ewtqc jNul r;kjA vWfel”; cpl

Fkk]oq[k uko dqekj thA Donjr” lqan dkj xo ;qFk ft+ dqekj th eaxr” jVu” ir” }f; o”g”;Z

t+ko vkÓk th Óknh yky r” rfe ir” dkdhA jN+kg cWM~;~ xWfN+Fk yWt Óq;Zu vWfdl c]f;l

fuÓ vlfy;r irkgA dqekj th;l l•R;~ ek; ek]gcr ojrko”ul eat+ vkf; vfe ir” Óknh

ykyl r” dkdh L;Bkg Q[kZ] exj ekWfyl ekft gqan yksy jwn dqekj thfu [kkWrj” cjdjkj

r” rFk xWf; u” dkag dWehA dqekj th jwn chŒ ,Œ dWfjFk ekWfyl l•R;~ lk]dwyl eat+A Óknh

ykyl vksl bathu]jh djuqd l[k Óks[k r” vFk eat+ |qr rl dqekj th;u iwj” lkFkA Óknh

yky p+k]y bathu]jh dju” ir; duSMkA niku rWE;~l”a|~ d] ag ;kj vkWL;~ XoM; rksj xkWe”R;~ r”



freo”; vkWl rl dy dWMe”p+A duSMk xWfN+Fk Fkk]o u” Óknh ykyu ckWf;l l•R;~ [kkl dkag

ysu nsuA d] ag dky ir” dk]j rWE;~ ekWfyl ekft ou”u” ojkW; vWfdl ehfe l•R;~ [kkanjA ek;

ek]gcr” fglkc” vksl u” Óknh ykyl ekWfyl ekft l•R;~ fr [kkl dkag okB] exj freu ik¡l”

j¡X;~ enn djul eat+ vksl lq çFk lkr” r;kjA rl vksl iwj” fcfgFk ft+ ik¡l; Nq çFk dqfu

rdyhQqd ;yktA niku rl”afn xfj p+yu” fdU;~ r” dqekj th;l l•R; jqr lk]ywd u dju”

fdU;~ xo ekft g]g r” Lo jwt+ u” T+;kn” dkyl ft+an”A

dqekj th;u eksu u” rhfrl dkyl [kkanj djqu ;hfrl dkyl u” XoM” c]fu u[k” okWftuA

Óknh yky vko c]fu g”afnl [kkanjl I;B t+uku” áFk r” tku ik¡l” [kjpksoquA gkykafd

ikikth;u vkWl u” iku” fr dqfu pht+l eat+ dkag dWeh FkWoe”p+A vfe fdU;~ vksl ikikth;l

de dWyhy dt+Z fr [kk]reqrA ikikth;u jk]V u” vfe ir” t+kag Óknh ykyqu ik¡l”] frD;kft+

rWE;~ dk]j dqekj thful [kkanjl I;B f;ul f; oWfuFk lkQ budkj ft+ rl”aft+ t+ukfu Nqu”

;ksj f;Fk l]gr Bh[k jkst+kuA gn xo f; ft+ lq vko u” ekWY;~ l”afnl ejul I;B frA

flfjQ lwT+k”u[k Ó]N ft+ vxj ik¡l” cdkj Nqo”] lq lkst+kso”A dqekj th;u |qrqul u” dkag

tokcA eksy eju” ir” jwn u” Óknh ykyl xjl l•R;~ dkag jkWfcr” exj c]fu l•R;~ Fkk]o rWE;~

l[k lykgA

t+Wehfu ik¡lu g”at+ dFk cwft+Fk rqy Óknh ykyu vkyes ckykA lq lU;o u” ckW; l”afnl

rdyhQl d] agA vfe ctkf; fd lq dfjgs c]fu uWlhgFk] rWE; ok]u ckWf;l VsfyQksul I;B]

ßvxj P+k” Nq[k u” t+Wehu”D;o ik¡lo eaT+k” c]fu ;N+ku d] ag |qu] r” ijok; Nqu” d] agA c”

lkst+; ik¡l”] fre; fnlA E; Nqu” cklku ft+ t+ukfu g”afn [kkWrj” Nq c]fu l•R;~ jko”jkoqu tkuA

vkW[k”j Lo fr ek ofu lksjq; xyFk\ c]f; E; dfr fN OoU;~ rqgqa|u rQjhdu lu”u”p

Q”jlFkAÞ dqekj th;l yWt ckW;l”at+ f; dFk t+u xwY;~A ekey” I;o ekrkekyu I;BA ft+B~;

ekeu dj”ukso lkfju”; czk—B”dfu dqekj th r” jkuh dle ft+ t+Wehfu ik¡lo eaT+k” Nu” v[k

j~oi; fr gqjse”p+A vfe ir” liqn ekey” jQkg nQkgA

dqekj th;l lqnjsf; ekWyh gkyr r” oWjh tksjkg xWfN+Fk vWU;~ rWE;~ uWo ekjwrh dkjA dkfj

eat+ xWf; fre XoMU;Fk”; nhoh gqan njÓk]u djfu rqyeqyA nksf;fe }g ;]fy dqekj th uWohn

áFk dkdh fuÓ xo rfe rqy vleku u[klA nk]iul] ßvfl Nuk irkg f; dkj fN t+Wehfu

g”a|u ik¡lu vke”p+A vfl Nk pkWU;~ ;k pkfu t+ukfu g”a| dle fQfdfjg [klkuAÞ dFk

t+sBsf; ;]fe yfV T+;kn; iguA dkdh jwt+ ouku] ßur” vkslkg ikikth;l lksjq; ik¡l”

tsók módúr

EodY;kseqrA rl g; t+fp n”fuFk fr usfjgs j~oif; yNAÞ dkdh Fkk]o ckWf;l ekj |quq; ;ksr

cdk;kgA lq oksr dfe dÓky” xj”A vWT+;~fp yfV ák]r ekeu fr yk]cA rl vkWl irkg ft+

f; Nqu” it+jA exj dkdh vkWl jk¡Vl] rl l•R;~ dql f;f;gs okfj\

jkuh xo t+cjnLr t+]guh vt+kcA dkdh r” rlqan jwu vkWL; e¡T+;~ e¡T+;~ dqekj thfu xkWj

gkWft+jh eat+ rlqan xj” f;oku r” rl Fkoku Ny” Qk]y dWfjFkA dqekj th vksl iku” fr

L;Bkg fny ek]ywy jkst+kuA vo; vkWl u” jkuh rl T+;kn” d] ag oukuA vfd }g ;]fy rl

dkdh g”a| j•U;~ ckt+jl eat+ cn&jn ok]u] rl xo lW;Z i]B~; lWgykcA rfe }g I;B” =kso

rfe dkfj [klquq;A dqekj th;l fr cklsf; dkj xk]c r” rWE;~ FkWo Lo xSjktl eat+ can

dWfjFkA

jkuh fnp+ dWE;~rkU;~ t+hj r” rl vko álA rlqan cks; eksgu th vksl rl czk—B”dfu [kMkA

jkuh oqfNFk”; N+]U;~ rl okWfyat r” rWE; jWV Lo uky”efrA jkuh vkWl vWNo fdU;~ [kwu

gkjkuA ckW; |qrql fnykl” ft+ lksjq; lifn Bh[kA exj rl vkWl ikul fr irkg ft+ f; Nq

N+k]jq; fnykl”A Bh[k xN+u oksy Nqu” fdfgU;~A lq C;wB c]fu fufÓ; C;apl I;B r” jWV”u Lo

ikul l•R;~A jkuh çqN+ul] ßequh Nk okj;\Þ equh vkWl jkuh g”at+ nq oWfjÓ dwj ;k]l” rWE;~

iu”ful ekWfyl fuÓ t]fe vkWl =kWoe”p+A eksgu th;u ok]u”ul] ßvk okj; fNA onqu yktksu

ft+ c” fr f;e”A exj E; nk]iql vWL; f;eo lkWfj; tYn”; okilA ikik fr f;f; Bh[k

xWfN+FkAÞ f; cwft+Fk”; ák]r jkuh Vwafx onqu r” cks; jwn rl vk]Ó OoFkjkokuA eksgu ft;l

vkWl ikul fr vWNu nkjA

eksgu th r” jkuh [kWR;~ ák]j okilA vt+ vksl freu cWfMl MkDVjl le[kqu ;ql freu

eWt+hn ;yktl eqryd ofugsA eksgu th;l vkl” }uo; Cod”ofp [kjkc r” dkag ;ykt

vkslql u” dkjxj linkuA OoU;~ vksl rl okfj;kg dky xkseqr Mk;fyfll pykuA vFk I;B

fr vksl L;Bkg [kpZ r” jkuh g”afn [kkWrj” vksl f; [kpZ rqyqu fr OoU;~ ukeqefdu cU;kseqrA

ekjwrh dkj vkWl freo djrkU;~ d”U;~e”p+ r” rfe; ik¡l” l•R;~ vksl oqU;qqd rkU;~ [kjp”

pY;kseqrA


dqekj th vksl oqfu Ók] afxFk”;A MkDVj lkWcu cqykWO;~ fre iu”ful dejl eat+A lkWfj;

jiksV gkWO;~u[k r” l•fr; ok]u”u[k] ßOoU;~ Nqu” eWt+hn çkjqu tkuA VªkUliykaV” ojkW; Nqu” dqg”U;~

pkj”A rk]á dWfjo eÓoj” r” c]f; N+k¡fMoqu dkag MksujA T+;kn” dkyl ádo u” çkWfjFkAÞ jkuh

vksl vE;qd XoM; Ó[k exj lkQ ckst+u” [kkWrj” vkWl u” r;kjA rl æko u;Zu t+axu T+kqoA

ckW; dWj rl vFkl FkQ r” |qrul fnykl”] ßlksjq; lifn] P+k” e” cj fQfdjAÞ exj D;kg

lifn r” fdFk” dWU;~ lifn] f; vkWl u” rl fr irkgA vt+ vksl eksgu th;l iwj” ,glkl



ft+ larksÓu rqy nk]gk]; rdyhQ] ekY;~fu fr r” ok;Z~fo frA vt+ vksl lq rl”afn [kkWrj” iWT+;~

ikWB~; onkuA

dqekj thf;U;~ ekeu vu”ukWO;~ rl”a| lkWfj; jiksV r” fre lwft+u Óknh ykyl fufÓ duSMk ft+

rfr ek vkfl vFk nkWfnl dkag ;yktA l•fr; dWj rWE; VsfyQksul I;B fr rl l•R;~ dFk

ft+ [kpZ Nq okfj;kg r” rl”afn rjQ” xk]N+ jkuh d] ag enn linquA Óknh ykyu cwt+ lkWj”;

nWyhy exj tokc |qrqu u” d] agA nk]f;fe yfV ;]fy ekeu rl l•R;~ dFk dju”p dwfÓÓ dWj]

lq le[;ksl”; u”A dWE;~rkU;~ ok]u”ul VsfyQksul I;B ft+ lq Nqu” OoU;~ rfr jkst+kuA

jkuh enn dju” [kkWrj” vkf; lkWfj; czk—BdquA dkdh r” rlqan ekgjkT+k” fr vkoA ;]fel f;

fiY;o] rWE;~ fr dk]jA exj [kjp” vksl okfj;kgA i°p+o r” jp+o l•R; ækf; t+M exj ck]M

[kjp vksl ckd;A eksgu th;u N+k—M v[k MksujA lq vksl eaxku iap+kg lkl jk]if;A nyky”

lqan dWfeÓu vksl vyxA vkijsÓu djul r” nokgu fr vksl yxku L;Bkg ik¡l”A ßD;kg

cfu\Þ jkuh vkWl }gl jkrl onkuA [;u pu ek]BqlA ßdwj Ne Yod”V] D;kg dj”\Þ v[k

g¶r” xqt+;Zo exj dkag lWchy cusf; u”A dqekj th fr vksl iFk iFk xN+kuA v[k iuqu

nksn] rfe ir” t+ukfu r” dksfj g”at+ fQfdjA

oqfu vksl xkÓ ¶oy”u;A jkuh xWf; vpkud gq'kkjA dqekj th vksl rl D;kgrke ;N+ku

ouqu exj Qksjku”; t+u vkslql u”A jkuh fnp+ vksj”;ksj ut+jA ekekth vksl jkrl vWR;~ exj

vfe o[r” vksl Ók;n flxzsV p]fu U;cj ækeqrA rfe |qr dqekj th;l dyl QÓA dqekj

th;u ok]u u” d] ag exj ut+j vkWl”l njokt+l dquq;A Ók;n vksl lq ekekth;l N+kaMkuA

jkuh dk]j uWjfl fuf'k irkg ft+ rl ek fN ekekthf;U;~ d] ag [kcjA rfe ok]uql Cou”

fjL;iÓu” I;B” vksl Qksu ft+ dql rke Nq Rofg le[k”fu vkeqr r” lq ok]Fk rw;ZA jkuh xWf;

Xoru ft+ D;kg nWyhy] ;wr lqcgkW; dql vkoA ;hfrl”; dkyl p+ko ekekth njokT+k”A l•R;~

vkslql v[k uQjA jkuh ckL;o ft+ f; uQj Nq rfe dfr rkU;~ oqNeqr exj ;kn vkslql u”

I;okuA vpkud p+WT;~ rl uQjl onu ck[k uhfjFk r” I;o jkuh [oju I;BA dqekj th;l

t+u vko álA rWE; fnp+ jkuh g”afnl cqfFkl dqu ut+j r” ok]u”ul Yofr] ßf; Nq; Óknh

ykyAÞ jkuh I;o ;knA rfe vksl lq QksVqol I;B oqNeqrA ^exj vpkud fdFk” ikWB~; oksr

tsók módúr

f;\* rl vko u” d] ag le”tA rfe rqy lq Fkk]n r” jk]Vqu uky”efrA }Óo; vkWL;~ onkuA

ekekth vksl njokt+l dqu QhfjFk iuqu vk]Ó OoFk”jkokuA

Óknh yky C;wB ckWf;l yfj r” dW;Zul EoU;~ r” ehB~;~A rl vkWl u” iN+”; f;oku ft+

E; oqN cks; ft+an;A jN+ [kaM xWfN+Fk ok]u ekekth;u Óknh ykyl] ßMksuj Nq iap+kg lkl

eaxkuA R;wr dfr usfj\Þ Óknh ykyu =kWo jkuh dqu ut+j r” ok]u”ul] ß;l u]pqo vkfl] rl

Nk Mksuj N+kaMqu\Þ

vkçsÓu liqn Bh[k ikWB~;~] exj jkuh vkWl L;Bkg xexhuA lk—pku vkWl] ßckW; |qr ckWf;l

T+kqo exj Óknh yky”U;~ t+uku” D;kg ofu\ c” D;kg cqFk fne” rl\Þ f; dFk vkWl rfe

vkçsÓu” czk—B fr Óknh ykyl oWU;~e”p+ exj rWE;~ fnp+ u” vFk dkag vgfe;FkA nk]iul] ^ir”

djo dFkA XoM” uhfju E; cks; [krj” U;cjA*

vt+ vkWL;~ vkçsÓul xkWe”R;~ iankg }gA dqekj th vksl oqfu vkbZŒ lhŒ ;wŒ gl vanj”;A

MkDVj vkWL;~ eqreW;hu ft+ C;ekj Nq okj” okj” Bh[k linkuA dqekj thf;U;~ lkWfj; vkWÓuko

vkWL; okMZl u]cj” dfu lWfeFkA ekekth;u ok]u Óknh ykyl] ßoqN lkW] vt+ ok]u MkDVj

lkWcu ft+ dqekj th æko [krj” U;cjA OoU;~ ckst+ukor[k P+k” lkWfj; iu”U;~ Ó]NA c]f; pkfu

t+ukfu fr dk]j u” Qksukg oksukg d] agA f; D;kg nWyhy\Þ


Óknh ykyu rqy dy” Fkk]nA jkuh g”afnl Ókul I;B Fkk]oqu vFk” r” ok]uqu] ßE; Nqu” ouqu

yk;[k fdfgU;~A c” vkslql gesÓ” ik¡ll iwt+k djkuA E; vksl ik¡l; lksjq; d] ag cklkuA E;

fufÓ ák]N E;kfu t+ukfu fr ;hA rl xo E;kfu [kk]r” T+;kn” E;ksu ik¡l; VksBA Lo jwt+

flfjQ Dycu r” ikjfV;u ykWjA vfd }g xo vWF;~ dfFk I;B vfl iku”oWU;~ cdoklA Lo

ækf; xj” =kWfoFk r” xWf; ekY;quA vfe ir” jkso E; fnyqd lqdwu r” E; ækf; xj” okil

f;u”p dyA exj cqFk vkslqe u” leku”;A E; vksl ekft] ekWfyl r” ckWf;l L;Bkg rdyhQ

okr”uksoeqrA ;qFkq; ekekth;u E; ckW; l”afn nkfnp Ó]N oWU;~] c” xksl cs&djkjA E; dWj rfr

MkDVju l•R;~ dFk r” gkWfoe[k dqekj thf;U;~ lkWfj; jiksVZA freo fr ok]u ft+ fdMuh

VªkUlIykaV” ojkW; Nqu” d”g”U;~ pkj”A V~;LVo ry” yk]x E;~ irkg ft+ E;kWU;~ fdMuh g]fd

E;kWful ckWf;l yWfxFkA E;~ lwap ft+ ;k]gk]; Nq o[r ;]fy c” ckW; lqan dt+Z ád” u[k”

okWfyFkA rfe; o[r” dk]j E; okil f;uqd QkWly”AÞ jkuh i`N+ql] ßr” pkWU;~ t+uku”\ Lo dfr

fN OoU;~\Þ Óknh ykyu ok]uql] ßE; dk]j rl usju” o[r” Qksu r” oWU;~el lkWj”; nWyhyA

exj Lo vkWl u” OoU;~ E; l•R;~ jkst+ul r;kjAÞ Óknh ykyl yk]x ouku ouku gk]VA



dqekj th;l fnP+k”[k yxcx M~ofM j]R;~ gLirky” eaT+k” NqVh r” fre okWR;~ okj” dkj” iuqu xj”

okilA xj” okWfrFk”; lacksy Óknh ykyu lk]dwyA vfe ir; vko Óknh ykyqu ok]gj”oksnA

vt+ vksl d•R;o oWfj;o ir” rlqan ok]gj”oksn xjl eat+ eukoquA ekekth;u dk]j vFk }gl

I;B iuqu [kpZ ykWfxFk lkfju”; vaxu vkWÓ”ukou lkyA çsI;qu gkWfoFk ;]fy lkWfj; rWgWj [k]fu

chB~;~] VsfyQksu vkoA ekeh rqy Qksu exj fQfdfjg rk]jql u” d] agA Dol”rkU;~ t+uku” vkWl

vaxzhT+;~ ikWB~~; dFk djkuA ekeh vko ;qrq; le”t ft+ Lo vkWl Óknh ykyqu uko áokuA

Óknh yky xo gkWjkuA ^;]fr dql t+kfu r” dql N+kafM E;\* rWE;~ ;]fy Qksu jk]V] lq I;o

vleku”A rl”at+ t+uku” vkWl duSMk I;B” vke”p+ r” Lo; vkWl Qksu djkuA Óknh ykyu cwt+

rl”at+ dFk lkQ] ßgsIih cFkZMsA osfVax ,V ,;jiksVZA okaV Vq de gkseAÞ

tsók módúr

77 vvaattûûkkhhùùrr -- ooVV ””[[kkwwjj

f; xke vksl cky” nkeul ryA P+ookikW;Z vkWL; taxy”; taxy ycu” f;okuA xke” e¡T+;~

vksl v[k YodqV vkj” olkuA vkj” cWfBl I;B vksl lWyhequ xj” r” rla”fnl xjl czk—B” dfu

vksl jkst+ku teky lkWcA teky lkWc vksl lksiksj” vWfdl ljdkW;Z nQrjl eat+ áM d”yWdZA

dyl vksl p];Z VwI;~ ykxkuA vkenWuh vkflg]l tkuA niku i]B~; okWU;~ fr vksl j~;rl T+k”

Mk; gFk oVkuA rfe; vkWl rla”t+ t+uku” 'kWQhd” }gl T+k” ¶;ju cnykoku r” uk]o ykWfxFk”;

lWyhequ xj” okrkuA vn” vxj lWyhe” rlqan uk]o iyo oqfNgs u”] uk]o ykxuqd eryc D;kg

vksl\

'kWQhd” vkWl u” iWje”p+ yhfNe”p] exj dkag dkag vaxzhT+;~ y¶t+ vkslqu ák]NqeqrA vxj u”

dFk djku djku Lo T+k” p+ksj vaxzhT+;~ y¶t+ bLrseky dfjgs] Lo ek ckflgs lWyhel FkWt+\

lWyhe” vkWl cM” usd t+uku” r” ikaN+ o[r U;ekt+ ijkuA rlqan [kku”nkj vyh eqgEen vksl

nqdkunkWjh djku r” rlqan u]pqo dkWfnj vksl vkWB tekWp+ iWfjFk ekWfyl vFk”&jk]V djkuA v[k

dwj vkWl”l caVhA Lo vkWl lWR;~fe tekWp+ ijkuA teky lkWcqu u]pqo rkfjd vksl ijku

eSfVªdl r” dkWfnjl l•R;~ vkWl”l l[k ;kjt+A niku lq vksl çFk }g xfj I;B” d”Le”

d”Le”D;~ P+kwaB~; vWfuFk dkWfnjl [;kokuA rkfjd”U;u vksl u” PkwaB~; ckx da]gA f;e” ft+;kQr”

vkl” rla”fnl ekWfyl vlkE;u ga”fn rjQ” okrkuA áM dyWdZ vksl uk\ teky lkWcl vksl

C;k[k u]pqo lqgSyA lq vksl v •B~;~fe tekWp+ ijkuA

teky lkWc”U;u u[k” vkWl jkst+ku nqykjhA Lo vkWl vWfdl feMy lk]dwyl eat+ uksdjh

djkuA [kku”nkj vkslql vkWB oWjh czk—B xqt+j~;kseqrA v[k u]pqo vkslql jes'k”A lq vksl rkfjdl

l•fr; ijkuA nqykjh gqan [kku”nkj vksl ekÓVj r” rla”fn xqt+ju” ir; vkWl Lo uksdjh

yWte”p+A

t+ukuo eaT+k” vksl nqykjh r” lWyhel iku”oWU;~ l[k lykgA ;k]no; fre” }'ko; vkl” v[k

vWfdl l•R;~ ukWyh uky] exj v[k vWD;~lqan vkWL;~ u” [;okuA iku”oWU;~ vkslq[k L;Bkg ek;

r” ek]gcrA v[k vWD;~la”|u 'kq;Zu fr vkWL; l[k yksy cjkuA 'kWQhdl l•R;~ vkWl”[k u”

yMkW; d] ag exj rlqan çFk lkrqd ctj gkoqu vkslq[k u” ilanA ^ck]M Nq dkag r” iu”fu

xfjA* teky lkWcl vkWL;~ }'ko; ;t+Fk djku r” frfga| Óq;Z fr vkWfl[k iu”U;~ 'kq;Z fgfo;

cklkuA


vfe }g vkWl ljdkW;Z NqVhA teky lkWc”fu xfj vkl” cfM cfM dFk” xN+kuA de rke

vkWfl[k t+u vkeWqR;~A nqykjh fnp+ vkaxu” e¡T+;~ ut+j exj d] ag vkl u” le”tA ^[kcj j”p+j

Nq[k”\* j”p+j”; vkL;[k frD;kft+ e¡T+;~ e¡T+;~ vksl vlqu fr xN+kuA lWyhel dk]jqu vkyo

exj rl fr vkWl u” d] ag irkgA R;qFkq; ækf; teky lkWc”fu xfj uQj tksjkgA lWyhe” r”

nqykjh jw|~ N+kf; gWfylA [kcj ck]M }g ek Nq[k] ;k teky lkWcl ek xWf; rjdh\



'kWQhdl vksl okfj;kg dky xkseqr ouku ft+ teky lkWcl vkWl rjdh xN+u okt]U;~]

vekik]t+ rlqan lkgkc Nq rFk Qs'k fnoku] frD;kft+ rl xfN+ XoM” j'ko” dfu v[k lkl

j~oif; vklquA exj 'kWQhd”fu ou”u” eqrkWfcd dfr vU;[k teky lkWc ik¡l”A vkW[k”j ;]E;~

uQju u” iku” oqefj t+kag j'ko” jk]V] lq fdFk” fnf; c]f;l\ ßOoU;~ f; vksl r” fr! exj

vfe 'kWQhdu ok]uq; u” vfl d] agA lwapeqr vkL;u f;eu f;f; vt+joquÞ] lWyheu ok]u

nqykjh dquA

exj dFk jwt+ u” P+kwfj d] agA uk]o Dojkc” nkj ¶;ju ykWfxFk okWp+ 'kWQhd” dkst [;Fk”;

lWyhel fu'k r” ok]uqul] ßgro [onk nhru utkFkA f;eo D;kg dk]jA dqfu ofr eksuq[k

u”AÞ ^[onk nhru utkFk* vksl ÓWQhdqu rWfd;k dykeA exj vlyh dFk D;kg vkWl]

lWyhel rk]j u” d] ag fQfdfjgA rfe i`N+ql] ßdeow\Þ 'kWQhdu ok]uql O;LrkWfjFk] ßf; vkslqe

uk 'kgj” I;B” cks; vkeqrA rl Nq gWgj” lqan u]pqo thy” lkWc ;]fr; uksdjh yk]xeqrA f;eo”;

Dol” cyk; vkWl vWU;~e”p+A [onk nhru utkFkA teky lkWcl fdp+ N[k xWj vWU;~e”p+A

rkfjd lkWcl Nq[k lwB vk]uqeqrA E; D;qr Nq[k f; ¶;ju r” nqj” tk]j” vk]uqeqrAÞ f; oWfuFk

gkso ÓWQhdu okj” ikWB~; iuqu uk]o ¶;ju r” nwj” tksj” lWyhelA lWyheu dW;Z nk]'k”oWU;~ pht+u

rkWjhQ exj vWN ytl njlA f; nwj” tksj” vksl ÓWQhdu rl ijql fr f; oWfuFk gksoeqr

ft+ f; Nque ekWY; vjc” I;B” vk]ueqrA lWyheu id”ukWo dFk czk—B dqu] ßfre æk;k okil\Þ

ÓWQhdu ok]uql] ß[onk nhru utkFkA E;kWful ckWf;l ek fN Q”jlFkA rl Nqu” vWfdl jfp+

cuku l]djsV” eaT+k” MyquA vWfdl”; }gl vxj usjku Nq r” gq; Nq OoFkkuA eWfu'kVj ek Nq[k

vWfel ojkW; ekuku fdfgU;~ djquAÞ lWyheu i`N+ql] ßthy” lkWc dfr jksft+ OoU;~\Þ tokc

|qrqul] ß[onk nhru utkFkA c” =kou” lq vksj” ;ksjA E; nk]ie[k c” jVu ikul l•R;A ;qFk

rkfjd lkWc Nqe] R;qFkq; Nqe lq frA Nq dksrkg f;\ oWgfj oqfg vkflA exj [onk nhru

utkFkA oqU;~fd I;B; fNl vQlj Fki” FkQ djkuAÞ jN+kg Fk[k dWfMFk Fkk]o ÓWQhdu

dyke tkWjh] ßoqNqo E; i`N+qe;h u” P+;A dkWfnj” dfr Nq\ E; t+u xo rl okfj;kg dky

oqN”ul”;A oku Nk [klku\Þ lWyhel nk]n ekt+A ÓWQhd” vkWl gesÓ” iu”U;u u]fpO;u rkfjd

lkWc r” lqgSy lkWc dWfjFk ouku] exj dkWfnjl r” jesÓl vkWl dkWfnj” r” jesÓ; oukuA

freu t+u vksl u” lkWc ouqu Ówcku”;A f; vkWl u” dkag uWo dFkA exj vt+ ;]fy rfe

thyl fr thy” lkWc dWfjFk ok]u] lWyhel jwn u” ikul rkU;~A nk]iul] ßvk vk] oku”; Nq

[klkuA oku [kfl u” r” vn” D;kg dfj\ rl ek Nq eksy áM dyWdZ\Þ ÓWQhdl rk]j u”

d] ag fQfdfjg ft+ lWyhe” dFk I;B oksysf;A ok]uqul] ßP+k” dFkqo I;B N[k nt+kuA p+fd Nq;

uk lksu vt+joqu! f;eu g; Nq r” Nq[k D;kft+\Þ ¶;ju n”uku n”uku ækf; ÓWQhd” okil r”

lWyhe” jwt+ rl eqn; x¡fMFk oqNkuA

tsók módúr

thy” vksl Ógjqd yWMd”A rlqan eksy vksl rokt+kgl eat+ uksdjh djku r” ro” fdU;~ vksl

rl cM~;u cM~;u vQlju ga”t+ [kWneFk djuqd eksd” esykuA vWfr; vkWl dWE;rkU;~ vQlju

fefuLVjl fuÓ lqQkWfjÓ dWfjFk thy” uksdjh ykx”uksoeqrA thyl vksl u” R;qFk rst+ |ekx

d] ag exj Ógjl eat+ jkst+u” fdU;~ vksl lq xke”D;u yWMdu fufp ut+fj oqNkuA dkWfnjl r”

jesÓl vksl lq T+;kn; igu jkscnkc gkokuA freo fcpk;Zo ek vksl Ógj t+kag oqNeqrq;\

thy”fu dFk” cwft+Fk jwnq[k u” oqNul fr dkag Óks[kA lksiksj vksl frfgafn xke” fufÓ vkWB;

ehy nwj r” vk]r fr vkWL; fre j]R;~ }f; j]R;~ dqfu lkr” xN+kuA lq fr ;]fy dkag T+;qB

l•R;~ vkflg][kA lksiksj” vkWl v[k Vkdh] ;]fr nW; }gl yko”M l”ihdjl I;B fQYeh ckWFk

vkWL; pykuA ;]fy xke” Óq;Zo f; dFk thyl oWU;~] rWE;~ =kso vlu [kaxky”A nk]iu[k] ßgrk

csd”yo] Ógjl eat+ gk fN iap+kg Vkfdf;A çFk Vkdh I;B fN ykWu vklku }u }u ehyu

I;BA rfr fVdV dM”U;~ gck xo cksfu eqgqy rkjquA ;]frD;~ ikWB~; Nk ckWFk x]O;~ x]O;~ yw[k

cqyko”U;~AÞ dkWfnju i`N+qul] ßr]fy P+k” fdFk” ikWB~; Nq[k fVdV dMku\Þ thyu =kso c]f;

vlu [kaxky” r” ok]uqul] ßvWL; Nk fVdV dMku\ vfl fN fVdV okrku xj;AÞ

thy” vksl rqy” dqY;u I;B”A de vt+ de xke” Óq;Zu vksl lq ;h oukuA vfd }g

;]fy caVh i`N+qul ft+ dqY;u I;B fdFk” ikWB~; Nq[k P+k” C;gku] dkWfnju ok]uqul rl”afn cny”]

ßcsd”y N[k”! I;B” vkl”uqd eryc xo ekWfyd vklquA f;Fk” ikWB~; vk]c” jk[k” taxyqd

ekWfyd NqAÞ


thy” jwn uksdjh djkuA uksdjh D;kg vkWl\ nqigjl cr” gWu [;Fk vksl lq ckt+jl dqu

pdjl usjkuA ;]frul oFk f;f;g]l] rWfr; vksl dqfu oku” i] aft I;B C;gku r” Ógj”fp

nWyhy” xke”D;u cksT+k”ukokuA ;]fy dkag rqy” dqy p+Vku ;k rqy” iu okyku ut+fj xfN+g]l]

rl vksl jFk okWfyFk ik¡l” áokuA ;ql u” ik¡l” fnf;g]l] rl vksl dsl dju”p nedh

fnokuA XoM” XoM” vksl x'r fr djku exj okj” okj” xksl lq eWfÓFk”;A OoU;~ vkll

vlkfe xj; okrku r” nqgqd ysu nsu vksl rWrh linkuA exj v[k dFk vkWl”l u” eWfÓFk

xN+kuA lq xW;kso }g; Ókel Ókel xke” Óq;Zu l•R;~ fcfgFk njckj ykxqu r” freu Ógjqd

ik]t+ vik]t+ ouquA ßÓgjl eat+ Nq lkfju”; eksVj vklkuA ;l u” eksVj vkfl] lq Nq Vkaxl

[klkuA exj Vkaxl [klqu xWf; fÓdl ynu ga”t+ dkWeA Ógjl eat+ fN nkg nkg iksj edku”

vklkuA okfj;kgu edkuu Nq eksVj fr =]f;fel iksjl I;B okrkuA Ógj”D;u }u dkfytu

eat+ fN O;yk;r” I;B” vke”R; yWMd” fr ijkuA Ógjl eat+ fN ckg gLirkyA lkfjo”; [kk]r”

cWfMl gLirkyl eat+ fN ikaN+ gFk dej”A vWfdl vWfdl dejl eat+ fN T+k” T+k” gFk C;ekj

ádku jwft+FkAÞ dkWfnju ok]uql] ß;sfy P+k” Ógj xN+[k] vfl fr fuft+ pj[kkg djfuAÞ

thyu |qrql tokc] ßRofg dfr rfxo” Ógj” e¡T+;~ idqu\ oqNku oqNku xWfN+o xkfM ryAÞ



thy” vksl vfd yfV ekWfyl l•R; iBkudksV xkseqrA rWfr; vkWl rWE;~ jsy xkWM~;~

oqfNe”p+A jsy xkfM eat+ vkslqu u” lQj dk]jeqr d] ag] exj rFk vksl v¡nj” u]cj” vkeqr

pdj dWfjFkA ßvyq;] jsfy eaT+k”; gk xqlqy [kku” r” VWpÞ] thyl niku vkWl Ø[k p+Wfte”p+

uhfjFkA exj oqU;~D;l vksl u” Ø[k fnuqd eksd”A rWE;~ f;e f;e d”l” jsy xkfM r” jsfy

lQjl eqrfyd cwft+e”R;~ vkWL;~] fre lkWfj; vksl lq Óq;Zu frFk” ikWB~;~ ckst+ukoku t+u rl

czk] ag dfu vksl li|kseqrA ßP+k” dWfp+ yfV Nq[k jsfy [kk]reqrÞ] i`N+ql jesÓuA tokc vksl]

ßrFk Nk dkag ÓqekjA c” vkslql dky” ixkg jsfy eaT+k”; vklkuAÞ fr vksl dqfu gnl rke

ik]t+ frA niku ;hfrl dkyl lq ekWfyl l•R;~ iBkudksV” jwn] lq vksl }g; jsy xkfM ga”|u

[kkWyh Mcu eat+ C;gku r” nkfj fdU;~ py”o”U;u xkM~;u rekÓ” oqNkuA vfe [kkWrj” vksl

rWE;~la”fnl ekWfyl vfd yfV rla”fnl fcyk fVdV vanj vp+ul I;B tqjeku” fr I;kseqr cjquA

thy” xo vfd ir” v[k nWyhy cksT+k”ukokuA ßvfd }g vksl v[k xkeqd lwB cwB ykWfxFk

jsfy eat+ fcfgFkA E; czk] ag dfu vkWl”l tk;A nkfj fdU;~ dk]jul vWD;~ Bxu vkyoA ;qFkq;

vWE;~ xke”D;~ nkfj fdU;~ dy” dk]M] iWR;fdU;~ U;wul c]; Bxu pan” eaT+k” cWVo” dWfMFkA onu

oku yksxqu exj rfe l•R; D;kg vafngs\Þ ßexj P+; dfr yWft; irkg lq vksl xkeqdÞ]

rkfjdu i`N+qlA thyl xo u” loky djqu cjnk'rA nk]iul] ßvn” vksl” Ógjqd\ lq dfMg]l

u” dkWM~; rWfr;A Ógj”fdl xWf; vkWB”o; iWU;~ cjkcjAÞ dkWfnj yk]x lk—pl ft+ Ógj”fdl

dR;Fk fN iWU;~ vklku exj i`N+u”p áeFk xW;l u”A thy” xo ouku] ßc]f; yfV vksl E;

l•R; v[k yWMd” lQj djkuA lq vksl u]cj” dfr rke MkDVWjh VªSfuax djkuA vWE; fcpkW;Z

vkWL;~ Qhl”D;~ ikaN+ gFk j~oif; Ókan” x¡M~;~ oksfj eat+ FkWO;~e”R;~A lqcgl ;]fy u] anfj ok]Fk]

Ókan vkslql frFk; dWU;~ exj ik¡l” vkWfll u” dqfu;AÞ dkWfnju i`N+ql] ßlq vksl” Ógjqd fdu”

xkeqd\Þ thy”fu czk—B”; oksuql jesÓu] ßMkDVWjh vksl ijku r” xkeqd dfr vkflgss\ lq

vkflgs ÓgjqdAÞ thyl xWf; N+~oi”A gfV [kWP+k”l u” vkokT+k”;A yWMdo ok]uqgl] ßC;k[k dFk

ouAÞ thyu fnp+ vWNu ewjuA =sÓ p];u r” gk]V dk]jqu lkQA nk]iu[k] ßvNk cwft+o exj

f;u” dkag eaT+k” loky dfjo”AÞ yMdo fgykso dy”A thyu ák]r ouqu] ßvfd yfV vksl

v[k iatsC;~ E; l•R;A lq Ók] ax cwB ykWfxFk”;A cwB vkslql d•erhA nk]iqu vxj dWfMFk Fko”]

f; fuue P+kwfjA lqcgl ;]fy lq u] anfj ok]Fk] rl vksl cwB ykWfxFk exj ikj vksl”gl

p+k]VeqrA iatsC;~ ák]r ikul el dMquA ir” yWt vfl irkg ft+ rWE; vksl cwV” ikjl eat+

Lou Fkk]oeqr P+kwfjAÞ f; cwft+Fk xo yWMdu nWgÓrA lqgSyu ok]u thyl] ßP+k” vkslq[k uk

jsfy eat+ [kksp+ku\Þ thyu ok]uql] ßvWL; xWf; Ónkn”A vfl dql iksfÓAÞ

j~;Fk Ó] ej” xWf;A teky lkWcqu ckcFk”j vÓQkd lkWc vko vfd }g teky lkWcqu xj”A

lq vksl vlyh fnfy jkst+ku r” pdjkg dju” ckiFk vksl dWÓhfj vkeqrA vÓQkd lkWcl

vksl fnfy eat+ Óky” nqdkuA teky lkWcl r” ÓWQhdl fufÓ thy”U;~ rkWjhQ cwft+Fk dk]j

tsók módúr

rWE;~ QkWly” ft+ c” fueu thy” ikul fuÓA thy”U;~ ekWY;~ ekft fr dk]j vfe dfFk ckiFk

;djkjA QkWly” xo ft+ jkst+nWjh ir; cqykfo vÓQkd lkWc thyl rkj lwft+FkA

thyl jkWo u] an”jA v[k v[k }g vksl cklku rl v[k v[k j~;FkA ß[onk nhru utkFkA

OoU;~ Nl uk dy æke”p+A ur” vkWl”l ;]fr fr vl”y uksdjhA I;B” Nq f; e]guFk dju oksy

yWMd”] ;qFk R;qFk ek NqÞ] ÓWQhd” vkWl nqykjh oukuA ;u” rl lWyhel l•R; eqP+kqdjh xWf;]

ru” vkWl Lo T+;kn”rj nqykjh fufÓ; f;okuA exj vWfel fufÓ vkslql u” T+;kn” Qksjku d] agA

f; vkWl uk ekÓVj r” vaxzhT+;~ yQt+u vkWl”l ;dne xyrh jVkuA

vkW[k”j [onk [onk djku vko lq }gA rkj okWp+A thy” vksl OoV” rqyku] ß=]f;; nk]á

Nqe usjqu] Y;gkt+k i];e ix”g”; Ógj [klquAÞ xke” Óq;Z vkWL; fdF;~ rkU;~ gh xkWe”R;A

;k]no; lq freu jksc; rqyku vksl r” jksc; =koku vksl] exj freu vkWl rla”t+ l[k ek;

xuse”p+A nk]f;fe }g ;]fy thy” lksiksj xN+u” [kkWrj” Vkaxl [kk]r] Óq;Zo ák]r onquA exj

thyl xo u” vyx”t+kj frA lq vksl U;l”c fnfy oksreqrA ÓWQhdu ok]uql] ßcykf; yx;]

ofr dW;Zft+ álA [onk nhru utkFk f;eu yqVsju fuÓA f;e Nk iFk czk] ag oqNkuAÞ thyu

dk]j Vkax” okWfyl id”uqd bÓkj” r” ok]uqu ÓWQhdl] ßvfl D;kg djuA vWL;~ xWf;

Ógj”D;~AÞ

c]f; }g Ókel oksr thy” cfl eat+ iBkudksVA jsfy ga”t+ fVdV dWM”u r” [kk]r xkfMA

lhV vkWl”l nkfj ry exj rR;Fk vksl v[k [oÓ ÓWdhy uotoku fcfgFkA thyl oqfNFk”;

ok]Fk lq Fkk]n r” C;wB c]f;l tkf;A thyu Fkk]o iuqu Vªad r” cSx I;B” dfu r” C;wBA v[k

YodqV tksyu” vkslql] lq jk]Vqu vFkl D;FkA gqfe rjQ” vksl v[k jsÓy fcfgFk ;ql

thy”ful Vªadl eqn; x¡fMFk vksl oqNkuA ;k]no; rWE;~ thyl l•R; dFk dWj u” exj thyl

ek rkfjgs\ thyl rk]j XoM; fQfdfjg ft+ f; Nq dk[kA vWfel fufÓ Nq ál” jksT+kquA thy”

vksl lk—pku”; ft+ jsÓyu ok]uql] ßoWfuo ftukc] dk]r rke Nq xN+qu\Þ thyu yksx ck]gksnqjA

lwapqu vWfel Nqu” ckl |qu ft+ E; Nq XoMfufp yfV jsfy lQj djquA ßoSls Nq vfl eækl

xN+qu exj XoM” xN+o fnfy rkeA vWL; fN vdlj j]R;~ }f; j]R; ;ksj pdj ekjkuAÞ

jsÓyu fgykso dy” exj vWN vkll pedkuA thyu ok]u”ul v¡n”fj;] ßeqll u” dilA

vfl jk]Vq[k XoM;AÞ [oÓ ÓWdhy uotoku vksl v[kckj ijkuA ßf; xfN+ cM” ÓWjhQ

bulku vklquA f;u” fcpkjl dkag BWfxFk xN+~;lÞ] thyu lwap r” ok]uqu rl dul ry] ßgs

ck;k] ál” jwT+;~ft+A gq jsÓy Nq; P+kwjA c” t+ku”u; f; okfj;kg dkyqdAÞ tokuu ok]uql

okil] ßvfl D;kg dfj\ vWL; jkst+o v[k vWfdl jkWNAÞ thy” xo [oÓ] oy” lkWFkh

cU;oA


jsy xkWM~; iWpA d] ag dky xWfN+Fk”; ok]Fk ÓksjA njokt+l fufÓ vkWL;~ pksj ikaN+ uQj cfM

cfM dFk” djkuA cklku vksl dl rkU;~ vkslq[k lkeku” P+kwfj U;weqrA ;hfrl”; dkyl vko

v[k dksB” oksy r” C;wB thyl fufÓA vWNo vkslql vk]Ó olkuA thyu i`N+ql] ßD;k lkW



nWyhy\ onku D;kft+ Nq[k\Þ dksB” okWY;~ ok]uql] ßgs D;kg ou;\ c” xksl vFk” NyfuA

;ikW;Z uhgWe vVSphA lksjq; vkslqe rWF;~ eat+A panl Nqe u” Mcy ik¡l”A D;kg dj”\ fnfy

Nqe okrquAÞ thyu fnp+ ut+jA jsÓy vksl iu”fu; lhfV I;B fcfgFk exj cqfFk vksl cklku

[oÓA ßvWfel vkflgs C;k[k lkWFkh njokt+l I;BA lq; vkfl xkseqr dkj dWfjFkA oqN oqNku

D;kg Nq E;kWful lkekul uwy” vWN dWfjFkÞ] thyu ok]u v¡n”fj;A rl vko dksB” okWY;~ lqan

vkjA nk]iul] ßvn” d] ag Nu” fQfdjA vWL;~ fN; uk P+; l•R;~AÞ [oÓ ÓWdhy uotokuu

dWj dyl t+hj] t+u r” thy”fu vWfdl vWfdl dfFk vksl rkW;hn djkuA v[k pkf; oksy

vkoA thyu vu”ukWo dksB” okWfyl] uotokul r” ikul fdp+ pk;A jsÓy vksl oqNkuA ßP+;

fne; xwY;Þ] thyu ok]uql fny” e¡t+hA

dksB” oksy vksl [oÓA rl xo iuqu xe eWfÓFk”;A pkf; cr” vyko” fnp+ul thyu oqg

j~oif; frA vWfdl LVsÓul I;B jqdsf; jsy xkWM~;~A thyu ok]u dk]B” okWfyl] ßgs gqfel

jsÓ”yl fuÓ jwT+;~ft+ ál”A c” vu; =sÓA oSls Nqu” ijok; d] ag] f; fr Nq iuquq; cks;AÞ

thyu gksoul uotokul dqu r” oksFk CouA tksyu” rqyqu l•R;~A

=sÓ áFk vko thy” okilA fnyl xksl rlykg ft+ jsÓy Nq fcfgFk”;A =sÓ fiy”ukWo”u

dksB” okWfylA jsy xkWM~;~ ækf;A uotoku vksl u” lhfV I;B d] agA ;]fy u” lq okfj;kgl

dkyl okil vko] thyl yWt fQfdjA dksB” okWfyl ok]uqu] ßgs f; ek jwn rWfr;\Þ dksB”

okWY;~ ok]uql] ßu lkW] rl dk]j uk nkfj fdU;~ dWE;~rkU;~ vkyoA lq ok]FkA iuqu lkeku” fr

U;wuAÞ thyl i]f; ut+jA rlqan cSx vksl xkWcA uotoku vksl thyquq; cSx áFk p+k]y”eqrA

ßexj lq vksl E;ksu cSxÞ] thyl p+Wt Ø[k uhfjFkA dksB” okWY;~ |qrql tokc] ßvgu lkW r”

P+; ek vkslqFk E; ok]u”eqrA P+; ok]uqFk f; Nqe cks;AÞ thyu P+;wV iuqu dy”A

thyl vkWl g]fje cWj”FkA u] an”j vkWl”l jkWoe”p+A cSxl eat+ vkWfll cknke r” isij ekWÓh

gqan lkeku”] ;ql rla”| ekWY;~ bÓQkd lkWcfu [kkWrj” vksl lwt+eqrA vfe vyko” vkslql iuqu

nql” fr] ;ql jkrl I;B” áu” Eo[k” l•R;~ vkslqu rqyeqrA jkrl xksl r•fj DodqjA vk[k”j ;]fy

u] an”j áWp+ul [kl”U;~] tksyu” |qrqu ÓkanA tksyu”p jt+ FkWo”u gWfVl x¡fMFk ;qFk u” dkag P+kwfj

fuf;A lqcgkW; [kqys;l Óksj” l•R;~ u] an”jA dql rkU;~ LVsÓu vksl vkeqrA pkf; okWY;~ vkWL;~

Ød” fnokuA thyu fnp+ tksyul ut+jA vWfr; vkslqlA pkf; [kkWrj” g]fru ik¡l” dM”U;~] exj

f; D;kg\ tksyul vksl ck]M xk]n r” ik¡l” XoP+k”j vkWl xkWcA ßgk [onk;ks ewnql gk! rkou

gk I;kseÞ] thyu yksx+ onquA yw[k xWf; tekgA dksB” okWY; ok]uql] ßtku xo iqyll |qu

f;frykgA Ooy” c” f;e; l•R;AÞ ßexj Vªadl dql dfj jkWNÞ] thyu i`N+ql onku onkuA

ßc” djlÞ] jsÓyu ok]uqlA thyl xo okj; g]g] ßP+kwj”; d;Zk jkWNA vWfe; vkL;e XoP+k”j

fr uhe”p+A u u!Þ dksB” okWfyl dk]jqu t+kj” ikj”] ßgs ck;k] P+k” jkst+ ;]fr;A exj cykf;

yx;] f;u” Vªadl FkQ =ko[k ;y”AÞ f; oWfuFk xo thy” iqyll jiksV djfuA jsÓy vkl

tsók módúr

t+cjnWLrh l•R;A thyu lwap] ßvn” ;hruA E; D;kg Nq l•R;~ r” rh fuf;A [kcj XoP+k”j dfr

vkL;u FkWoe”p+\Þ

jiksV ys[k”ul yWX;~ ikaN+ nWg feuVA gokynkju i`N+ql] ßdk¡fl I;B Nqf; Ó[k\Þ thyu

fnp+ jsÓyl dqu ut+j] exj ok]uqu u” d] agA gokynkjl dqu oqfNFk fgyksoqu udkjl eat+

dy”A lwapqu] vxj vWE;~lqan uko ou” r” f;u” ir” ekWfjFk”; N+”U;eA ;qFkq; jsy xkfM ga”| bat”uu

fp[k fnp+] f;e }u”o; [kWR;~ nksjku nksjku xkfMA jsÓ”yu vkWl FkWoe”p+ thyl vFkl FkQ

dWfjFkA thyl ;qFkq; ál I;o] rWE; NqMkso iuqu vFk”A lwapqu] P+kwjl l•R; vFk” ykxqu fr

xo XoukgA v¡nj” I;B” vko v[k YodqV yWMd” nksjku nksjku r” =kWo”u pyo”fu xkfM eaT+k”

OoBA thyl p+Wt Ø[k uhfjFkA yWMd” lq¡fnl vFkl eat+ vkWl rlq¡t+ ik¡l” XoP+k”jA

lhfV I;B okWR;~ r” vfr vksl uk]oq; vkyeA dksB” oksy vksl xkWc r” rWF;~ l•R;~ vksl

}u uQju gqan lkeku” fr xkWcA fre vkWL; pk; p]fu Cou oWF;~e”R;~ r” lkeku” vkslq[k dksB”

okWY;~l”; goky” dk]jeqrA thyu fnp+ ut+jA rlqan Vªad fr vksl u” dqfu;A rl xo vWNu

vfuxk]VA vWD;~ cqt+xZu dWjul FkQ] rl |qrqu nd”A lq fr ckL;ksl P+kwj”;A ßdl I;B dj”

ck]jwl”\ f;u” OoU;~ dWeht+ fr uky” dMueÞ] ;h lk—pku lk—pku vko lq ykf;u ”A

jsy xkWM~; jqdsf; fnfyA QqfVe”R;o DoB~;o ok]Fk thy” CouA bÓQkd lkWcqu irkg vkslql

cSxl l•fr; jksoeqrA flfjQ vkslql ;kn ft+ pkanuh pksd Nq xN+quA ßrk]r rke fdFk” ikWB~;

okr”\Þ U;cj dqu ækoA fjDÓ” okWY;~ vkWL;~ Ød” fnokuA vWfdl i`N+qu] ßpkanuh pkSd rke

dksrkg á[kAÞ tokc E;wyql] ßikaN+ j~oif;AÞ ßfre dfr vu”\Þ vksj” ;ksj fnP+k”u ut+j ft+

dkag t+kWU;~ ek lef[k] exj dkag vksl u”A vWNu vkl vk]ÓA lkWj”; ;hjh ihjh æk;lA ßxke”

Óq;Zu D;kg D;kg vkslql oukuA dkWfnjl vkslql gdkjWp+ l•R;~ dkn” ouku r” jesÓl je”A

ikul cjkcj vkslqe u” dkag cklkuA ;wr dWfjFk fr =kso freo E;kfu usju” o[r” vk]ÓA fre

dksrkg ek; vkWfle cjku] exj c” vkslql[k çFk lkr” xzwl oWU;~ oWU;~ vWnj” [ky djkuA

oqNr” [onk lkWcu dfr |qrque Vkl!Þ

thy” C;wB iFkjA ta+xo vkslqgk]l tokc |qrqeqrA dy” =k]oqu DoB~;u eatA dql rkU;~

vko iWR;~fdU;~ r” |qrqul dyl QÓA vfe ir” =ksoul vFkl eat+ D;kgrkU;~ r” ækoA

thyu rqy dy” Fkk]n r” vFkl eat+ oqNu iap+kg j~oif;A iFk dqu fnP+k”u ut+jA lq; jsÓy

vksl t+hB~; t+hB~; dne rqfyFk okil xN+kuA thyu rqt nksjA exj ;hfrl dkyl lq

uWT+;~nh[k okfrgs] jsÓy vksl fjDÓkgl [kk]reqrA thyl ok]Fk vk]Ó fnX;~fu] ßckf;] c”

vkslqlFk P+k” P+kwj t+kukuA E; fnft+ ekWQhA c” fdFk” gksj; P+;\Þ


thy” [kk]r vWfdl fjDÓkgl r” oksr pkanuh pksdA vfr dk]r xfN+\ fjDÓk okWfyl i`N+qu]

ßgs P+k” ek t+ku”gWu vÓQkd lkWc\ lq Nq Óky” dkWe djku r” rl Nq [klqu eksVjAÞ fjDÓk

okWY;~ ok]uql] ßgrk ;kj”! P+k” ek Nq[k ofr Mk]yeqr\ ;]fr Nq yN” c|u ywdu eksVjA f; Nk



YodqV Ógj\ f; xWf; fnyA ;]fr Nq }gl ywd” lkl jkoku r” gr” cW| xkM~;u ry

xN+kuAÞ thyl d`gU;o cqFkA lwapqu] ßf;Fk; ikWB~; vkslql c” fr xke” Óq;Zu oukuAÞ

f;Fk” frFk” vWfdl dkWfÓfjl nqdkunkjl fufÓ yk]c rWE; vÓQkd lkWcqu irkg r” oksr rlqan

xj”A fre fr vkWL; ijsÓku] frD;kft+ Óke vksl li|kseqrA thy”U;~ lkWj”; nWyhy cwft+Fk xWf;

fre fr :ft+FkA ß[kkWj] [onk lkWcl goky” oksrq[k OoU;~ xj”A ijok; Nqu” d] agA lksjq; cfu

uk]oÞ] vÓQkd lkWcfu ekft ok]uqlA

ÓWQhdu dWj rWgWj r” ckWx”jkWo”u lkfju”;A ßthy” lkWc”U;~ fdU;~ xo vÓQkd lkWcl cM” ennA

dkj”ckjl xksl l[k gq;ZjA OoU;~ Nq[k C;k[k oku eWY;~ ák]reqr r” lq Nq[k thy” lkWc”l”;

goky” dk]jeqrA vn” [onk nhru utkFkA niku nW; }gl Nq vWD;~l”; tafx I;B vklkuA

lkWfj; [kWjhnkj fN[k vWE;~l”; fuÓ okrkuÞ] ÓWQhd” vkWl vWD;~l”; vWD;~l”; cksT+k”ukokuA

dkWfnju i`N+ql] ßlq dj f;f; c]f; ;ksj\Þ ßgrk [onk nhru utkFkA rla”fn ;ksj f;u”p dFk

Eodysf; OoU;~A rl dfr fN egkyÞ] ok]uql ÓWQhduA Óq;Z xWf; fny ek]ywyA

vÓQkd lkWcl vksl ck]M edku”A dkj”ckj fr vkslql tkuA exj thyl vko u” fdfgU;~

ilanA XoMfufd }g I;B; jwn lq n”;kuA u vkslql okul I;B fny yxku r” u xjl eat+A

[;oku fr vksl u” [kkl d] agA niku vkslq[k ekWy”; Nqe u”A dWfp+ yfV dk]jul vÓQkd

lkWcu t+ksj ft+ pdjl xN+o exj eksuquq; u”A dk¡fl; vksl u” le”t f;oku ft+ D;kg

nWyhy fN\ t+u vkWflgWl tkW|~ dW;Ze”R;~A vfd }g U;qo vÓQkd lkWc”U;~ ekWY; t+cjnWLrh

dqrqc ehukj oqNfuA lq C;wB rfr fr vWfdl dfu I;B r” ák]j [kk]rq; u”A eksVjl [kl”ul

vkslql ngÓr xN+kuA T+k” j~;Fk xWf; f;Fk; ikWB~;A exj OoU;~ xWf; cM” ijsÓkWuh ga”t+ dFkA

vkWB }g xWf; thyl rQ [kWR;~e”frlA nokg [;ksu] exj fdfgU;~ Q[kZ xW;l u”A oqNku

oqNku ák]rqu lq det+ksj xN+quA MkDVj fr vkWL; ijsÓku ft+ nksn g; Nq r” Nq D;kg\ [;u

vkslql u” olku”;A vÓQkd lkWcu lwap ft+ gkykr fNu” Bh[kA vWE;~la”|u xfjD;u i]f;

ouquA ekWfyl dWjgWl Ó]NA lq vko ykjku ykjkuA u]fpO;~ lqan gky oqfNFk yWftl fnyl

FkQA ekWfyl oqfNFk”; vko thyl onquA ßP+; D;k]gks nWyhy N; E;kfu xk]cjk\ dE;qd nksn

Nq;\ ouku D;kft+ Nq[k u”Þ] ekWY;~ i`N+qul M~;dl I;B vFk” FkWfoFkA thyu e”p+jkfo okj”

okj” vWNA ekWY;~ la”ft+ [ofu eat+ Fkk]oqu dy” r” oksuqul] ßcck] E; dj fu[k xke okilAÞ

tsók módúr

88 ppaattsshh -- iiNN++

Lou” cVfu i]f; nwfj I;B” ut+jA lq ek]T+kwj vksl dl rke lokfj gqan fcLrj” r” Vªad xkfM

g”afnl iÓl I;B [kkjkuA nwfj I;B” ;k]no; lkQ vksl u” ckst+u” f;oku] exj ek]T+kwj” l”at+

N+k; vkWl iwj” iwj tku lkWcl fgfÓ;A Lou” cVfu rqy rst+ rst+ dneA cqfFk vkl” xkfM

f;oku r” xN+kuA yw[k fr vkWL;~ u” de d] agA vfd rjQ” vksl xkM~;u gqan Óksj r” c]f;

rjQ” daMDVju g”aT+k” Ød”A lkfju”; vkWl t+u p+y” ykjA ywdo r” xkM~;o e¡T+; oFk dMku

dMku ;hfrl dkyl Lou” cVU;~ rFk xkfM czk—Bdqu okWp+] ek]T+kwj vksl ækeqrA rfe fnp+ vksj”

;ksj ut+j] exj ek]T+kwj” lqan uke” fuÓku vksl u” dqfuA Lou” cVfu çqN+ c]f;l vWfdl ek]T+kwjl

rl ckiFk exj d] ag yk]xql u” irkgA rfr vksl”; u” tku lkWc”fu ukoqd dkag ek]T+kwjA Lou”

cVU;~ chB vWfdl oku” i] aft I;B r” vk]Ó xksl tkWjhA ßE;kfu vWN [;u u” nks[k”A lq vksl

tku lkWc”;Þ] ;h lk—pku lk—pku xWf; Lou” cVU;~ XoruA

nWg oWjh çkWU;~ dFk vkWlA tku lkWc vksl oWgfj oqfgA vlyh vksl lq dfe rke xkeqd

jkst+u oksy exj iWt+ Ó]N vkWl u” dk¡fl irkgA tku lkWc vksl gesÓ” uhfy jaxqd ¶;ju

ykxkuA ;st+kj vkslql XoMo ák]j vklku r” [ojo vksl vklku uu” oksjq;A el vkslql T+;wB

Ókuu rkU;~A tku lkWcl vkWL;~ vFk xkel eat+ f;oku OoU;~ Ó] j~;Fk xkWe”R;~A T+;kn”rj vksl

lq egn lkWcfu xfj jkst+ku frD;kft+ v[k vkslql rfr l[k ;t+Fk okrku r ” c]f; vkslql rfr

Jku djul oqÓqu iksU;~ esykuA

niku tku lkWc”fu ekft vksl lq e¡X;~ e¡X;~ t+keqrA okfj;kgl dkyl ;]fy u” rl cp;

t+ko] Lo xWf; dFk rke ft+;kjrl I;B r” x¡M”u rfr nWÓA vfe ir; vksl tku lkWc

t+keqrA tku lkWcl vksl u” ijul ys[kul l•R; fny yxku r” niku Yodpkj” I;B; vkWl

rl eWR;~ fxyuA vkWB” o”g”;Z iku” I;B; vksl lq xfj usjku r” xke” xke” QsjkuA tku lkWc

vksl u” ikul eqrfyd dkag dFk djku exj f;e” dFk” dfr vkf; r” dWE; ofu] fr vkWl

u” dk¡fl irkgA xke” okWY; vkWL; vWF;~ eat+ [oÓ ft+ lq vksl R;qgqan xj” f;oku r” frfga|

nkW| vkWL;~ okfj;kgl gnl rke de xN+kuA okj” okj” cusf; tku lkWcl L;Bkg eqjhnA


tku lkWc vksl u” T+;kn” dFk” djkuA vke rksj vksl lq dy” l•fr; tokc fnokuA cV”

xfj vkslql xkM [;uqd l[k Óks[kA vfe; cgku” vkWfll cV” iuqu xj” lky dWfjFk fuoku

r” iu”U;~ rdyhQ ckokuA



Lou” cVU;~ vkWl L;Bkg |ekx” nkjA xkWE; xkel vksl vWE;~lqan uko eÓgwjA xke”fp t+uku”

vkl” vDlj vWfel fufÓ f;oku r” eÓoj” áokuA xke”D;~ enZ fr vkWfll cM” ;t+Fk

djkuA ;]fy vfe t+ukuu fuÓ tku lkWc”U;~ djkekr cwT+;] Lo xWf; ijsÓkuA ßvt+ dy”fdl

nqfu;kgl eat+ Nk f;eu dFku dkag lwnA f;eu dFku I;B iN+ dj”U;~ xWf; Qjlwn” [k;kWyhA

edkj yw[k fN l]|u lknu bulkuu vi”T+;~ djkekr gkWfoFk QWl”jkoku r” iuqu eryc dMkuA

eksu ft+ dqfu lkr” fN dkag djkekr iWt+ usjkuA Lo fN cxoku” l”aft+ ejt+h l•R;~ linku u

fd dk¡fl edkj” l”afn ou”u” l•R;~AÞ

xke”D;u vksl vFk ekeyl eat+ Lou” cVfu l•R; l[k ;[kfrykQA freu fuÓ vksl tku

lkWc Fkfn ik;qd QWdhj] ;ql foft+ foft+ ufu djkekWP+k vksl djkuA Lou” cVfu vksl u”

tku lkWc iku” oqNeqr d] ag exj oqNu”p t+k]jwjr fr D;kg vkWl\ rl vksl vfd yfV ;qFkq;

v[k lkWn edkj le[;kseqr] ;]E; rl f; nWI;~ft+ fr Qku vksl Fkk]oeqr dWfjFkA Lou” cVfu

vkWl vt+ fr Lo fot+ iwj” ikWB~; ;kn ---

vfe }g vkWl Lou” cVU;~ xj&dkWe dWfjFk lqfy; Eodyse”p+A rlqan [kkoan vt+Zu nho

vksl lkgcl l•R;~ nksjl I;B xkseqr r” fcywth fr vkslqu pdjkg dju” ckiFk ikul l•R;~

U;weqrA Lou” cVfu vksl vt+ okfj;kfg dkWY;~ ekY;qu xN+quA d] ag dky vksl xkseqr rl”aft+

ekft l[k C;ekj r” rfe vkl”ul dkWp+kg Ó]fN lksT+k”eP+k” ft+ cqFkkg oqfNgkW;A ft+an”xh I;B

D;kg ck]jwl” Nq\

rkT+k” dqa| dk]jeqr ¶;ju ykWfxFk dk]M Lou” cVfu lk] anwd” eaT+k” lq nWg j~oi”;qu ;ql rfe

iN czk—B j•ful feur” dWfjFk ák]rqeqr vkslA nWg j~oi”;qu Fkk]oqu ¶;ju panl r” x¡M”u ywaX;~A

ßVkax” fdjk; r” xkfM fdjk; xWf; p+ksj j~oif; r” c]f; fue” ckW; l”a|u Óq;Zu D;qr d—N+k

[;u” [kkWrj”AÞ oqfu vkWl Lo usju”p l[kj”; djku ft+ u]c”;Z xo vkyo] ßjkT+k” ckW;h] ál”

jkst+AÞ Lou” cVfu fnp+ nkfj fdU;~ ut+jA v[k QWdhj vksl T+;wB lQsn ¶;ju ykWfxFkA

dyl vkslql ck]M lCt+ nLrkj r” gWfVl d`gqu xqykscanA Lou” cVU;~ oqfNFk”; ák]r QWdhju

c]f; ouqu] ßnqÓeu g; Nq; t+kxkuA dkag Nq; u” vFk” Ó]gykou oksyA d•frl okr[k r”

dk]r xN+[kA LojqQ g; Nq; czk] ag dfu vkWj dWfjFkAÞ Lou” cVfu I;o álA rl vksl czk—

Bq; n”jdkdfu gqan Ó[kA ;u” vWE;~l”afnl j•ful rjdh xWf;] ru” oksr rl”aft+ n”jdkdfu E;axu

ukj nt+kuA vfd }f; yfV okWR; gkykr ykf; yk; djul I;B frA Lou” cVfu g”at+ gkyr

oqfNFk t+ksu QWdhju ft+ cVU;~ xWf; Xoru r” Uold” xo dkjxjA nkfj ry f;Fk ok]u”ul]

ßtkW| QqV”t g; Nu; r;kj FkkWoe”p+ exj P+; u; iksfÓ; u” d] agA P+; g; Nq; [onk lkWc

enrlAÞ Lou” cVfu i`N+ql lj” dju” ckiFk] ßihj lkWc] f; dql Nqe nqÓeu\ uko oureAÞ

exj QWdhju ok]u u” [kwfyFk d] ag] ßP+k” e; cj rfep fQfdjA E; Nq; g]fje gk]dqeA c”

Nql; P+; jkWN dWfjFkAÞ Lou” cVfu gqan ;]dhu xo OoU;~ Io[r”A lwapqu QWdhj Nq

[onk&nksLrA vWfel ift+ u” dw;Z dw;Z dMquA f; vWfel ouqu vksl fr ok]uquA vfe [kk]r”

tsók módúr

D;kg ofu\ nk]iul] ßc” gt+ Nl; goky”A E; u gt+ Nq; u” P+; ojkW; dkag vFk”&jk]V

dju oksyAÞ QWdhju ok]uql] ßP+k” jkst+h fcyk oloklA P+; u; iksfj; u” dkagA dMh uksBA

nLrxhj lkWcl g; Nq fu;kt+ [kkjquAÞ Lou” cVU;~ xWf; jwft+FkA rl vksl vdks; nWáqu] ;ql

rfe ekY;qu xN+u” [kkWrj” Fkk]oeqr vkslA nk]iul] ßcc] uksB u gt+ Nqe u” vt+ dkagA vkWB

vku” fNeA vxj gt+ ou[k r” ----AÞ QWdhju p+WV rl”at+ dFk] ßuksB Nq; uk xaM dWfjFkA

vuh ty] c” u; f;e; u” ir”A E; g; Nq nLrxhj lkWcqu vkyoAÞ Lou” cVfu xo lj”

ft+ QWdhj Nq ikf; ck]M r” lksjq; t+kuu oksyA f; lwafpFk ft+ nq'eu Nq xkyqu] dk]M rfe

nWg j~oi;qu r” |qrqu cclA cc æko Ø[k fnoku] ßxN+h djh vkWÓA lkWfj; nqÓeu g;

oqMkWfoe;A P+; u; iksÓh u” OoU;~ dkagAÞ Lou” cVU;~ xWf; fny ek]ywyA lwapqu] ßvt+ d•R;~

dkWY;~ vk;kso E; eksd” ekY;qu xN+ul exj Donjrl vkWl u” ejt+hA pyks f; fr xo

Bh[k”;A vxj u” vt+ f; QWdhj f;f;gs] nqÓeu FkogWu E; i”P+k” ikj dWfjFkA E; Nq DonjFk

enrl] E; D;kg dju\Þ f; lwafpFk”; vkf; rl cqfFkl jkSudA

nk]f;fe }g; i]f; Lou” cVU;~ vleku”A lq QWdhj vksl rl”aft+ n”jdkdfu r” vWehuk th

gqan xj” fr xkseqrA freu fr vkWl rWE;~ vkWu r” xkWu ;WgW; dFk oWU;~e”p+ r” uksB g]R;~e”R;~A

exj ;qrq; ;ksr xo u” d] agA niku Lou” cVfu g”at+ ekWt vkWl dky” Ókel rke njokt+l

dqu eqn; x¡fMFk oqNku r” dksfj çkjkuA p+h;Z jkFkD;qr |qr rfe vekuFkA f; Ó]N cwft+Fk

xWf; Lou” cVU;~ nsoku” r” ák]rqu oN p+sVquA exj rfe l•R;~ D;kg vafngs\ lkWn edkj vksl

xkseqr iuqu dkj dWfjFkA

ßexj tku lkWc Nqu” freo eaT+k”A lq Nq iWT+;~ ikWB~;~ eyaxA ;l iuqu vFk” I;B Fkk]oqu] lq

ok]Fk Fkk]nA ik]t+ g; ckst+[k r” vWL;~ fN; vWE;~l”afn; fdU;~ }g }g dMkuA E;kWful

[kku”nkjl fr fN rl I;B cM” iN+Þ] gWuhQk th ok]u Lou” cVfuA ßu u] E; jwt+ u” OoU;~

dk¡fl I;B iN+Þ] ok]uql Lou” cVfu okilA Óhyk th vkWl oqful rkU;~ N+~oi” dWfjFkA rl

jwn u” ikul rkU;~ r” ok]u”ul] ßexj P+; D;kg gjt” Nq;A lq ek Nq fcpksj ik¡l” jVkuA

v[k xkM” lsj Nq vuquA P+k” lk—p iku; ft+ ckW; lkWcl dwrkg rdyhQ NqAÞ v[k j~;Fk

vksl xkseqr vjt+u nhol uk]o lkgkc vke”frl r” rWfe; vksl lq rkfy fdU;~ vk]ueqrA

iWR;~fel czwaB~;~fel vkslql fglkc eaxku r” dfFk dfFk I;B vkslql llI;aM dju”p nedh

fnokuA x;Zqd Ldwu vksl XoM; jksoeqrA OoU;~ ák]rqu vjt+u nhol l]grl I;B fr vlj

I;k]uA Lou” cVU;~ ujesf;A lwapqu gjt” fr Nqu” d] agA vko r” MksU;qo] xo r” xklqoA cykf;

N+quql] xkM” lsjl vWfdl Nq onquA


egn lkWcfu t+kj” ikj” l•R;~ xo tku lkWc Lou” cVfu gqan f;ul vkekn”A egn lkWc vkl

iku” l•R;~ r” iu•ful ek]gfufol vfFk vu”ukWo”u t]thj frA cr” [;u” ir” ;]fy vjt+u nho

t]thfj R;k] axqy yk]x djfu] tku lkWcu ok]uql] ßFko lkW] xksl R;k] axqyA dj OoU;~ vkjkeA

ekWfyd Nq jqr dju oksyAÞ Lou” cVfu áp+kso D;kgrkU;~ ouqu ft+ egn lkWcu ok]uql dul



ry] ßeyaxl fN lkWj”; vklku [kcjA rl Nu” O;N+”ukWfoFk ou”u”p t+k]jwjFkAÞ reksd P;Fk”;

ækf; tku lkWc r” egn lkWc okilA vjt+u nho r” Lou” cVU;~ jw| ;wr dWfjFk fr jkWR;~

jkrl ijsÓkuA

p+ksfj nk]á ir; xWf; vjt+u nho”ful lkgcl okil rcnhyhA niku g]fj I;B; vksl

vkMZj oksreqr r” }u }gu vanj vksl rl çkfu tkf; I;B okil f;u” [kkWrj” gk]dqe fnu”

vkeqrA ;qFkq; f; dFk uusf;] xkeqd xke vko Lou” cVfu eqckjdlA exj Lou” cVU;~ vkWl

u” xfj d] agA Lo vkWl egn lkWcfu xfj rl xqY;~ x¡fMFk ekWQh eaxku ft+ c” D;kg vkWl”l

tku lkWcl eqrfyd lk—pku\ tku lkWcl i]f;gs Lo iju exj lq vksl dky; rfr ækeqrA

vfe ir” liqn c]f; v[k okdkgA vfd }g vkWl Lou” cVU;~ xfj fcfgFk rk]eqy p+kjkuA

gax” r” eax” I;o tku lkWc okWfrFk r” e¡ftu pk;A Lou” cVfu vkf; u” iN+A vt+ rke vkWl

Lo çFk lkr” rl egn lkWcqu xWfN+Fk le[kku r” lyke djkuA vt+ vko lq iku; xj”A

tku lkWcl ir” dfu rWfd;” FkWfoFk r” taxu I;B p+knj =kWfoFk xWf; Lo pk; cuko”fuA ;]fy

Lo pk; áFk okil vkf;] tku lkWc vksl Fkk]n oWfFkFk t+u rWL;~ çkjkuA tku lkWcu dk]j

pk; P;ul budkjA Lou” cVfu i]f; ut+j] rl vksl vFkl eat+ lq f[kyksu” eksVj ;ql

vjt+u nhou jkFk”; fcywthfu [kkWrj” Ógj” I;B” vksl vk]ueqrA Lou” cVfu g”afn i`N+u” czk—Bq;

ok]uql tku lkWcu] ßf; cykf; dWeh vWU;~ ;ksj\ c” N+”u; f; XoM” nQkg dWfjFkAÞ f;

oWfuFk”; æko tku lkWc okilA Lou” cVU;~ OoÓysf;A ßd•erh eksVj vkslA [kcj vWfel

D;kg jkso\Þ rl jwn nW; }gl eksVjqd QsjkuA

c]f; }g ;]fy gWuhQk th Lou” cVfu fufÓ vkf;] rl vkl” vWN Oot+ftA cklku vksl

t+u r” jkWR;~ jkrl vkWl gqÓkj”; jwt+e”p+A Lou” cVfu i`N+q+ul] ßd]gs nWyhy\ P+k” D;kg N[k

ijsÓku t+uA [kkWj”; Nk\Þ gWuhQk th ok]uql] ßgr; vWL;~ vkWL;~ uk jkrl vWehu”fu xfjA rl

vksl cÓ” l[k C;ekjA niku vkWl jkFk vko lq v[k f[kyksu” eksVj áFk r” yk]x rFk

fxan”fuA oqNku oqNku [kk]rql rQ r” xW;l ykjfuA vt+ lqcgkW; N+qu freo lq eksVj nkWfjFkA

niku oqU;~D;l Nql vkjke”;A vWL;~ dfr Ók] aX;~ jkrlAÞ f; cwft+Fk”; xWf; Lou” cVfu n”uuA

lwapqu] ßg; gs] f; vkflgs lq; eksVjA [kcj f;eu ek yWt irkg ft+ lq vksl lksu\Þ

i`N+qul] ßcÓu dfr vksl lq vk]ueqr\Þ gWuhQk th ok]uql] ß[kcj g;] niku dfr rke

vkslqu N+~oV” I;B” rqyeqrAÞ Lou” cVfu [kWp+ okWfyat ck]B r” yWt tku lkWcl eu” e¡t+h

cykf; yxfuA ßvxj u” lq f; cykf; xj” eaT+k” dWfMFk N+”fugs] [kcj D;kg xqnfjgs dksBuAÞ

vfe d”l” ir” xWf; rl T+;kn; igu tku lkWc”U;~ FkQA tku lkWc ;]fy fr vFk xkel eat+

f;f;gs] Lo vkWl rl fuÓ okWfrFk rl [oj NykuA f; jhFk jwt+ rhfrl dkyl tkWjh ;hfrl

dkyl tku lkWc vksj f;oku jwnA

v[k oWjh xo tku lkWcl xke f;u”l”;A rlqan yk]x u” dkag i; irkgA xke” okWY;~ vkWL;~

l[k ijsÓku ft+ frg¡|u nk|u dql dfj OoU;~ ;yktA vfd }g yWt irkg ft+ dWE;~rkU;~

tsók módúr

vksl lq iankg ehy nwj c]f;l vWfdl xkel eat+ oqNeqrA egn lkWcu rqY;~ =] p+ksj uQj

c]f; l•R;~ r” æko rl N+kaMfuA irkg yWt ft+ vFk xkel eat+ Nq u” dkag tku lkWc jkst+kuA

egn lkWcu ;]fy xke” okY;u tku lkWc”U;~ ÓDy lwjr oWU;~] fre xWf; gkWjkuA vfe ÓfDy

gqan vksl v[k uQj xkel eat+ r” rl vksl uko uc”A exj ucl vkL;~ xkWeWqR;~ yxcx T+k”

oWjh xke =kWfoe”frlA egn lkWcu ;]fy uc”U;~ nWyhy cwt+] lq I;o vleku”A

niku ucl vksl Yodpkj; eksy xqt+j~;kseqrA ekWt vkWl”l T+;kn”rj C;ekj”; jkst+kuA ucl

vksl u” c]fu cks; dkagA ikaN+ Ó] duky t+Wehu vkWfl[k ;Fk I;B fre xqt+kj” vkWL;~ djkuA

niku uc”U;~ t+Wehu vkWl ;wlqQ lkWc”ful t+Wehul L; eat+lA ;wlqQ lkWc vksl ucqu T+;qB

I;Wr”j r” lq vksl cks; eju” ir” dqfu rWjhd” uc”U;~ t+Wehu ;N+ku [k]U;~A uc” jwn okfj;kgl

dkyl lhu” fnFk] exj ;]fy ;wlqQ lkWcu vfd }g rl iu”U;u ek]gfuO;u vfFk ekj

fnoukso] rl jkWo áeFkA xke” okWY; jw| flfjQ rekÓ” oqNku] frD;kft+ ;wlqQ lkWcl vkWL;~

fre fr [kksp+kuA vfe ir” xWf; ucl xke” okY;u g”at+ uQjrA vWF;~ vklukgl eat+ xWf;

ucl ekWt eWfjFk r” vfd }g jkFkD;qr p+k]y uc” xke” eaT+k”A vfe ir” vko lq xke dqy

}f; yfV exj dk¡fl l•R;~ dWj”u u” dkag dFkA cl xkel v¡| v¡| |qrqu pdj r” æko

okilA egn lkWcl fuÓ f; cwft+Fk ft+ uc” vksl eyax] =kso xke” okWY;o vlquA ßeyax

vkflgs r” r]fy dfr [k]f;gs ekj\Þ

Lou” cVfu jwn vk]Ó olkuA vt+ vkWl Lo l[k eqlhcrl eat+ áu” vke”p+A vtZ+u nho vksl

C;ekj r” ;ykt” ckiFk vkslq[k lq Ógj”fdl cWfMl gLirkyl eat+ nkW[k”y dk]jeqrA vt+

vkWL;~ xkWe”R; rl iankg }g ;ykt pyku exj lq vksl }g ir” }g iFk”; xN+kuA MkDVjo

vksl Lou” cVfu eÓoj” |qreqr ft+ C;ekj uhoqu fnfy] exj rl vkWl u” R;wr [kpZ rqyu”p

lwjFkA iu”U;~fdU;~ Qhj lkfju”; vkWÓ”ukou exj [kkl vFk”jk]V linql u” d] agA fcywth vkslqu

=ksoeqr gelkf; xfj r” iku” vkWl gLirkyl eat+ j•ful fuÓ fcfgFkA gc” dWny” vkWl”l

Yod”V t+ke jkst+ku r” Lo; vkWl”l cr” vukuA exj [;u” D;kg vkslql f;oku\ vtZ+u

nhol vkWL;~ xkWe”R; p+ksj }g d] ag [;u”l”;A


Lou” cVfu i]f; oku” i] aft I;B”; u] an”jA vt+ vkWl Lo jkWR;~ jkrl gq'kkj”;A j•ful vkWl”l

u” gkyr Bh[kA MkDVjo ok]ugW[k C;ekj Nq T+;kn” [kk]r” T+;kn” ikap+u vkWBu }gu gqan e]gekuA

t+kWfe;u oksu”ul] ßE; Nq cklku] P+k” ol xj”A v[k f;[k rfr ut+j fnFk] c]f; [kkj”gWu

fcywth ;w;~ZA [kcj Nk D;kg vkfl linu oksyA rksfr oqfN ekWfyl cqFkAÞ QqV~;~e”R;o

DoB~;o vkWl Lou” cVU;~ gLirky” eaT+k” æke”p+ r” onku onku cV” ekY;qu vMl I;B

okWp+e”p+A



xkfM g”afn gkju” l•R;~ xWf; Lou” cVU;~ gq'kkjA vWfdl i`N+qu o[rA uo vkl” ctseP+k”A

xkfM g”at+ fVdB dMu” [kkWrj” ;qFkq; rfe fVdfV okWfyl ik¡l” fnR;~] rl i]f; vWfdl pkf;

okul dqu ut+jA v[k uQj vksl iWFkfjl I;B fcfgFk reksd P;okuA rfe fnp+ vWNu ewjuA

vk lq; vkslA rlqan T+;wB el r” U;wy ¶;ju vksl lkQ f;oku ckst+u”A Lou” cVfu =kWo

fVdB vWfr;A ikxyu g”a| ikWB~;~ rqftu no r” okWp+ pkf; okul fufÓA tku lkWc vksl

reksd P;ul l•R;~ eLrA Lou” cVfu Fkk]o rl”a|u [oju I;B dy” r” ák]rqu onquA tku

lkWcu i`N+qul] ßgr”ch] onku D;kft+ N[k\Þ Lou” cVfu xWf; onku onku fxR;~ r” dy”

[oju I;B FkWfoFk”; ok]u”ul] ßcc] dwr dky xkse N+kaMkuA E; gt+ N; pkWfu; vkÓA ukjl

eat+ NlA vt+ djre Eodyuik;] ur” ekj; ;]fr; ikuAÞ tku lkWc xo jk]cwn” áwA ywdu

vko u” d] ag le”tA vWfel cVfu D;kg rdyhQ Nq\ c]f; =”g o”gfjl tokul D;kft+ fN

f; cc ouku\ vWD; ok]u”ul] ßgr”ch] f; Nqu” cc] f; Nq xqyke uWchA vWfel Nq oqfu

[kkanj fr dju;AÞ exj Lou” cVU;~ vkWl u” dk¡fl g”at+ dFk ckst+kuA Lo vkWl flfjQ tku

lkWc”U;~ dFk ckst+ul çkjkuA tku lkWcu Fkksoql dyl I;B vFk”A Lou” cVfu rqy dy” Fkk]nA

vk]Ó vkslql fnX;~fu olkuA tku lkWcu ok]u”ul] ßc” Nql v[k ek]T+kwjA E; D;kft+ N[k

[oju vFk” ykWfxFk Xoukgxkj cukokuA rdyhQ D;kg Nq;\Þ Lou” cVfu ok]uql] ßjwu gt+

Nqe C;ekjA cpu”p Nl u” dkag OoesnA pkWfu; lFk NeAÞ tku lkWcu |qrql dyl QÓ r”

ok]u”ul] ßfQfdj e” cjA xN+ dk]r Nq; xN+quA ekWfyd Nq jqr dju oksyAÞ vfe ir” æko

lq ckd”;u ek]T+kwju l•R; iu”ful dkjlA Lou” cVU;~ jwT+k”l oqNkuA tku lkWcl vksl vt+ fr

XoMo ák]j ;st+kj r” [oj vkWfll uu”okWfj;A

Lou” cVfu yWX;~ T+k” }g xke xWfN+Fk okil f;ulA u]pqo vk]uqu l•R;~A gLirky okWp+ r”

j•ful v¡| iW[;~ oqfNu yw[k tekgA T+kaxu p+k;l Fkj” Fkj”A ß=B Ne ise”p+A iWR;~fe; xfj ek

jwT+k”l c” U;cj\Þ uWt+nh[k igu okWp+ r” dWE;~rkU;~ fnp+ Ø[k] ßvWD;k vkf;AÞ ywdo =kWo

tk; r” Lou” cVfu oqN uk]oq; vkyeA vt+Zu nho vksl Mk][k fnFk MkDVj lkWcl l•R; dFk

djkuA dk¡fl vksl u” let f;oku ft+ vpkud fdFk” ikWB~;~ xWf; C;ekjl Q[kZA vt+Zu

nhol vksl vFkl eat+ }n” fxykl” r” lq vksl nke” nke” }n P;okuA Lou” cVfu oqfNFk”;

vko rl cqfFkl jax r” dWj”u rl vFkl FkQA rfe ok]uqul dul ry] ßE; yk]c jkFk tku

lkWcAÞ

c]f; }g xWf; Lou” cVU;~ r” rlqan t+kWeh vMl I;B tku lkWcl le[k”fuA pkf; okul

I;B okWR;~ r” i`N+q[k pkf; okWfyl] ßgs ck;k] tku lkWc dfr Nq\Þ pkf; okWfyl rk ]j u” d] ag

fQfdfjgA rWE; ok]u”u[k] ßdql tku lkWc\Þ Lou” cVfu ok]uql] ß;ql glkW E; Årj” lqcgl

;]fr le[;oA ;l rk]á xqyke uWch fNo” oukuAÞ pkf; okWY; ok]uqul] ßlq æko jkFk

Ókel”; okilA niku vksl E; Nq cM” nwj okrquAÞ Lou” cVfu i`N+ql] ß;ksj dj vksl

vkeqr\Þ pkf; okWY; ok]uql] ßvksrj; vksl vkeqrA jkFk vkslql nk];qe }gAÞ

tsók módúr

vt+Zu nhol fnP+k”[k vfd g¶r” ir; gLirky” eaT+k” NqVhA lq vksl OoU;~ fcydqy Bh[k

xkseqrA niku cWM~;~ MkDVj lkWcu ok]u ft+ rl vksl ;ykt xyFk xkseqrA xke”fdl Vkax”

vMl I;B vksl vjt+u nhol le[k”fu xkeqd xke vkeqrA ;]fy lq Vkax” I;B” Cou ok]Fk]

egn lkWcu jk]V lq uky”efrA lkWfj; vkWL; [oÓA v[k vksl vt+Zu nho okj” dkj” Bh[k

xWfN+Fk xj” vkeqr] c]f; f; ft+ Lou” cVfu vksl tku lkWc iku” oqNeqrA

d] ag dky xWfN+Fk ok]u vfd }g egn lkWcu Lou” cVfu] ßP+; D;kg Nq; cklku] tku

lkWc f;f; uk OoU;~ ;ksj tkag\Þ Lou” cVfu fnp+ j•ful dqu v[k ut+jA T+;wB OoÓ =kWfoFk

ok]uqu egn lkWcl dqu] ßf;f; D;kft+ u”\ f;f; t+k]jwj] ;]fy ift+ eu” dkag ;kn d;ZlAÞ




99 nnååssììhhaatthh -- uuWWllhhggFFkk

rl vksl uko vorkj” exj ouku vkWfll lkWfj; fud”A fud” vksl u” fud” d] ag cWY;~fd

vksl vfl lkfjo”; eaT+k” l]grlA vekik]t+ Yodpkj” ;ql uko ekWY; ekft Fkk]oeqr vkslql]

lq; xksl nWfjFkA vfl fr vksl fud” ou”uq; tku r” lWgWy cklkuA vWL; vkWL; dqy p+ksj

;kj] fud”] jkt”] fot” r” c”A fotl vkWL; vWL; yksy” lku ^Vksft* oukuA Vksft dFk I;B

vkslq[k rl uko dk]jeqr] fr vkWl u” vfl irkgA niku rlqan cqM~;~ cc vksl feyVªh eat+

jwnqeqr r” rWfe; vkslql f; uko Fkk]oeqrA Vksft vksl fglkcl eat+ rk[k r” lkl” c|u gqan

fglkc vksl lq vk] ax”tu I;B djkuA vWL;~ lkWfj; vkWL; vWD;~l”; tekWp+ ijkuA lk]dwy fr

vksl dquq; r” lk]dwy”p dkWe fr vkWL;~ lkWfj; f;d”oV” djkuA fud” vksl yhMjA ;k]no;

vfe [kkWrj” dkag vY;d'ku vksl u” dju” vkeqr exj lkfjo”; vksl lq iuqu yhMj eksueqrA

ik]t+ g; cwft+o] eku”uqd u eku”uqd loky”; ok]Fk u” t+kagA rWE; f; gk]dqe |qr fr eksu

vflA rlqan ckMo oqfNFk vksl u” vk; ;k ok; dju”p áeFk”; I;okuA XoM” XoM” :nql c”

th&gk]T+kwjh djul yk]c exj d] ag dky xWfN+Fk”; rk]j E; fQfdfjg ft+ fud” Nq ikWnkW;'kh

yhMjA

fud” vksl iWT+;~ ikWB~;~ yhMjA vxj vfl eat+ dk¡fl [ojl dk] aM vfp+gs] lq vksl iku

ekjkuA lk]dwyl eat+ gjxkg dkag vfl jksc gkfogs ;k fdrkc fuf;gs] fud” vksl rl =koku

MWdj” dWfjFkA ;WgW; dFk vkWl eWgyl eat+ frA nk]f;fe eWgyqd dkag f;f;gs jksc nkc djfu]

fud” vksl rl cqfFk yxkuA vfl I;B vkWl u” okWfj; okrkuA

lWR;~fe tekWp+ gqan uWrht” nzkoA vWL; vkL; lkWfj; iklA freu }gu vkWL;~ T+k”; pht+

vklku] ikl ;k QsyA fMfotu r” iWjlaVst dql vksl oqNkuA fMfotu vksl vklku oqNqu

feMyl eat+] eSfVªdl eat+ r” rfe [kk]r” Fkt+u tekWp+u eat+A vke rksj vksl tku iju

okY;u 'kq;Zu L;daM fMfotu f;okuA QWLZV fMfotu ;qu xW;sf; cM” eqckjd”p dFkA ;sfel

L;daM fMfotul eat+ fr T+;kn”; igu uacj vkl”gWu] niku vkWL; g; dykl lsdaM fMfotu

NqlA eryc lq fr xo QLV fMfotul cjkcjA E; r” fudl vksl vke rksj g; dykl

FkkWMZ fMfotu f;okuA c” vkslql iu”U;~ uacj oqfNFk [o'k xN+ku frD;kft+ uacjo fglkc”

vkslql fudl ir” c”; yhMj cu”uqd gdnkj r” f; dFk vkWL; lkWfj; ekukuA

vfe }g vkWl vkFkokjA fudu dk]j lqcgkW; E; nkfj fdU;~ vkyoA E; =kWo pk; vWfr;

r” oksrql rlqan xj”A vfr oqfNe lkWfj; ;kj lWfeFkA fud” vksl jkFk 'kkel ekrkeky xkseqr

r” gc” dWnyl I;B vkslqu ywd” gk]twe oqNqeqrA lkl” cW| yw[k vkWL;~ dWnyl I;B fcfgFk

Ød” nh nh çkfu fdrkc” d”uku r” áokuA fudu ok]u ft+ f; dFk vfl ckst+ukou” [kkWrj”

vksl lq L;Bkg c]rkc] exj okil fdFk” ikWB~;~ QsfjgsA rl vksl uk ekeu ikl xN+ul I;B

lky dk]jeqr!

tsók módúr

dFk cwft+Fk xWf; vWL;~ [o'kA vfl vksl okfj;kg dky xkseqr lk—pku ft+ fu'kkr 'kky”ekWj

dj”gkWo pdjkg exj ik¡l” dfr vkWL;\ xfj vkWL; cM” eqf'dyh lku lk]dwy Qhl”D;~ lkM

lFk vku” esykuA Qhl vksl vlyh lr; vku” exj vWfMl vWfMl vkul vkWL; vWL;~ v[k

v[k [kksaV ce” P+kwaB [;okuA OoU;~ g; pdjl xN+”gkWo r” fdFk”ikWB~;\ iSny ek ád”gkWo

xWfN+FkA f; vko v[k eksd” ;]fe l•R;~ vWL; fny”p eqjkn ád”gkWo iwj” dWfjFkA

QkWly” xo ft+ lkWfj; rqyo iu”fu iu”fu fdrkc” l•R;~ r” xN+o gc” dWnyA exj E;kfu

fdrkc” f;u vyx Fkou” r” lkfjo”; ik]rql d”u”u”A E;kfu fdrkc” vkl” dksj” ufo] t+u r”

oqU;~ vkl” ckt+j” vfueP+k”A E; ek vkl” oWfj;l t+kag f;e” e”p+jkfoep+;! vekik]t+ ;qgqan uO;j

oqfNFk vksl E;kU;o };o p+kB ckto vfefdl czk] ag dojl r” ik]r dojl I;B iu”U;~

iu”U;~ uko yhf[ke”R;~A lksu ekLVj th efg dk[k vksl vFk dfFk L;Bkg ikcan ft+ lkfju”;

'kq;Zu xfN+ iu”U;~ iu”U;~ fdrkc vkl”U;~A E;kWU;~ f;e p+kV”&ckWt vkWL; ekj” fuf'k cpu” [kkWrj”

E;kU;; fdrkc” ekLVj th;l gkokuA iu”fu fdrkc” vkl” freo dj rkU;~ jk]l”Y; dj” okWfyl

d”fuFk [kseP+k”A


lkfjo”; rqft iu”fu iu”fu fdrkc” l•R;~ r” ækf;A ehykg v[k iSny iWfdFk okWR;~ vWL;~

gCc” dWnyA vfr vkWl iWT+;~ ikWB~; fno;A yWMd” vkWL; Ød” fnoku --- ^rhljh tekr ds

fy, --- pkSFkh tekr ds fy, --- Nêh tekr ds fy, ---*A ywd” vjlkFkkg vkslA çFk

fdrkfc vkWl oj[k fQ;Z fQ;Z f;oku lke áu”A Dol” fdrkc dksrkg yfo r” iwj” L;Vl

dWp+ ik¡l” okru] vFk I;B vksl l[k cgl linkuA tekg xkWe”R;~ yw[k fr vkWL;~ iu”U;~

iu”U;~ jk; fnokuA f;e” fdrkc” tku g;Fkl eat+ vkl”gWu freu vksl cjkcj U;Lc d•eFk

f;okuA f;e” [kjkc gkyrl eat+ vkl”gWu] freu vksl rfe; fglkc” d•eFk f;okuA fudu ok]u

vfl dul ry t+u r” dkag P+kwj” dFk vkWl] ßf;u” dkag oqfu iu”U;~ fdrkc dWfMoA XoM”

djo iwj” ikWB~; lj” ft+ dFk tkf; D;qFk d•eFk Nq f;okuAÞ vWL; jw| okfj;kgl dkyl

;ikfj viksj r” vikfj ;iksj djkuA vk[k”jl vWfdl tkf; tku jsV oqfNFk dft vfl iu”fu

fdrkc”A L;Vl eat+ vkl” 'k] 'k] fdrkc”A v[k v[k L;V vksl vfl P+ou j~oi”;u r” vkWBu

vkuu I;kseqrA U;l”c d•eFk okfrgs Qh L;Vl T+k” j~oif; r” p+ksj vku”A exj lkU;u fdrkcu

g”at+ dFk vkWl vyxA vWfdl fdrkfc vksl ehfy l•R;~ æk]o yk]xeqr r” vWfdl vkWL;~ u”

XoM”fuD;~ =] oj[k dqfu;A }u vkWL;~ u” lj oj[k r” v[k vkWl ikfu eaT+k” okil [kkWje”p+A

ckd; fdrkcu g”at+ g;Fk fr vkWl u” tku d] agA =] L;V d”U;~ vfl elkg elkg ikap+u

j~oi;uA vfl t+kWU;~ fre fr xWuheFkA OoU;~ vkf; okW;Z E;ksu L;V d”u”ulA dkag dkag

[kWjhnkj vksl flfjQ tku L;V”; N+kaMku] exj fud” vksl u” oqfu d”u”ul r;kjA vWfdl

nLrkWfjl ;]fy irkg yk]x ft+ vfl fu'k Nq uk]o L;V] lq ik]d vfl ir” ir”A exj fudu

dk]jul frFk” ikWB~; tokc t+u r” fud” ck]M ckj” ckikW;Z vksl r” nlrkW;Z vksl v[k YodqV

EodqV Qsfj oksyA ßgs fnlkW! T+k” vku” fur” d•erl vyko”Þ] nLrkW;Z ok]uqlA fud” ok]Fkql



okil] ßgk E; elkW gko T+k” vku”A vfl N; u” =];o jk]i;o de cjkcWnhAÞ lq fcpkj ” æko

lnZ xWfN+FkA [kWjhnkju eat+ vksl v[k yWMd” ekWfyl l•R; vkeqrA yWMd” vksl vfDy r”

'kfDy vkWu r” xkWu vfl; áw] vekik]t+ eksy vkslql cklku cM” cqnZckjA dyl vkWl”l

djkdqyh ykWfxFkA dFk dju” l•fr; vksl lkgkc cklkuA dWny” vikfj vksl v[k uQj

;]fel fu'k tku gkyrl eat+ çkfu fdrkc” vkl” esykuA niku lq vksl vl”y vl”y fdrkc”

XoM; FkQ fnFk eWY;~ áokuA eqft Eoy” áoku r” æ~ofx Eoy” d”ukuA exj vWfel lkgcl

vkWl u” rfr cjkcWnh vke”p+A niku vksl L;V xfN+ iWT+;~ ikWB~; tku vklqu r” d•eFk fnf;gs

eksdwyA fudl vko f; [kWjhnkj ilanA vWE;~lqan dFk djuqd rWjhd” vksl L;Bkg jqrA vfl

l•R;~ vksl VkB~;k dW;Z dW;Z dFk djkuA ßvWfel gck usfj tku ekyÞ] fudu ok]u vfl

Yofr ikWB~;A ßvfl fu'k Nq ftukc rqgqafn ilanqd L;V] exj d•eFk xfN+ Bh[k esyquÞ]

fudu ok]u lkgclA lkgcu ok]uql] ßvn” dMku D;kft+ Nq[k u”] j~oi;u g”at+ Nk dWehAÞ

fudu U;qo lkgkc vWfdFk dqu r” dk]jqu vfl vkyoA lkgcl vko L;V gkou”A lkgkc xo

[o'k r” ok]uqu] ßoqfNo lkW xk]cjo] ;]fr fN nq'keu okfj;kgA yqdu Nq vklku vt+joquA

oqU;~ leu lkWfj;A v[k dfj v[k dFk r” C;k[k dfj C;k[k dFkA Nquk lykg vWL;~ ido

lkWfj; xj”A rWfr; fcfgFk djo fglkcA vn” f; Rofg okfr fr uhroA v[krq; p]f;o lkfu

xfj pk;kgAÞ fudu fgykso dy” t+u r” rWE;l”afn eu” eqokWfQd dFk xWf;A vfl dqu =kkWo”u

frFk”ikWB~; ut+j t+u r” ouku vksl] ßfNok oqNku E;ksu deky\ vFk gk fN ouku [kWjhnkj

N+kaMquAÞ

lkgcu jk]V fdrkc” L;V vFkl eat+ r” nk]iqu] ßoWfyo lkW iWfdoAÞ jN+kg iWfdFk dk]j

lkgcu vWfdl Vkax” okWfyl vkyoA Vkax” vko czksaB dquA lkgcu ok]u rl D;kgrke ;ql u”

vfl cwt+A vWL; [kWR;~ VkaxlA eq¶r”fdl Vkaxl vko lokW;Z [;ul cM” eT+k”A E; ok]u fudl

dul ry] ßvfl dk]r Nq xN+qu\Þ fudu [;o E; cqFk] ßcsd”y Nq[k”\ vfl D;kg Nq vFk

luqu] ;k]r fuf; r” rk]rAÞ E; dWj N+~oi”A ckd; T+k” vkWL; Vkaxl I;B fcfgFk frFk” ikWB~;

ta+x” fgykoku t+u r” xq;Z l”afn cny” fre; vkWL;~ Vkaxl yekuA E; ykWt~ lkgc” l”afnl

u]fpfol l•R;~ ;kjt+A rl vksl QqVcky fxan”uqd L;Bkg 'kks[k exj fxanqu vkslql u” rxkuA

E; nk]iql d] ag Nqu” ijok;] c” g]fNukoFkA E; vksl nsoku ckx” vfd yfV lqy”ful Vhel r”

eWthn”ful Vhel iku”oWU;~ QqVcky fxanku oqNeqrA ;]fy lqy”ful Vhel xksy xo] eWthnu fnp+

Ø[k ^^xksy gk----A** lqyu rqt Fkki”j r” dWM”u eWthnlA nk]iul Ødo l•R; Nk xksy

xN+kuA xksy dju” foft+ fN vklku lhVh okf;U;~] r” lhVh dfr N;\ eWthnl vkWl

iWT+;~ikWB~; lhVh eWf'kFk”; xkWe”p+A E; ok]u lkgc” l”afnl yWMdl] ßP+k” FkWfoft+ XoM; lhVh

vWfuFk r” ckd; xWf; E;kWU;~ dkWeAÞ

Vkax” jqD;oA lkgkc ok]Fk r” fnfru Vkax” okWfyl ik¡l”A vWL;~ iWD;~ lkWfj; lkgcl ir”

ir”A dkspo dkspo QhfjFk okWR;~ vWL;~ vkW[k”j lkgc” lqan xj”A edku” vkslql tku ck]M] ikaN+

tsók módúr


rk[kA vkax”ul vkslql lheB dWfjFkA lkgcu c]gukWO;~ vWL; nsoku [kkul eat+ r” iku” p+ko

vanjA vWL;~ vkWL;~ pk; r” ckWfdj[kkWU;~ [;u” [kkWrj” c]rkcA d] ag dky xWfN+Fk vko lkgkc

okil r” rl l•R;~ vko lekokj áFk rlqan ek]gU;qoA lkgc” l”a|~ yWMdu vWU;~ di r”

FkWfou vfl czk—B” dfuA ek]gfuO;~ fQj diu eat+ Eox”Y;~ pk;A okfj;kg dky çkWfjFk fr

okWP+k u” ckWfdj[kkWU;~A fudu áp+kso vkWl [kksyqu ft+ lkgcu ok]u] ßp]f;o lkW xk]cjo ty

tyA ir” Nquk fglkc djquAÞ vfl rk]j fQfdfjg ft+ ckWfdj[kkWU;~ okWfdj[kkWU;~ Nu” d] agA

f;Fk” frFk” p]f; vfl pk;A lkgcu okgjkso fdrkc” L;V Vscyl I;BA vkWu[k yksxqu r”

g]fru vWfdl vWfdl fdrkfc oj[k fQj”U;~A vFk dkfe yk]x vk]M xaVkgA vfl yWt fQfdj

ft+ xfjD;~ usju N+kaMfuA vWL;~ vkWL;~ uk xfj P+kwfj P+kwfj æke”R;~! vk[k”j rqy lkgcu dy”

Fkk]nA fdrkc” fnp+u u]fpfol vfFkA vkWu[k dk]Mqu r” Fkk]oqu Vscyl I;BA T+;wB Oo'k =kkWfoFk

ok]uqu fudl dqu] ßlksjq; glkW vksl xk]cjk Bh[k exj v[k oysfdu NqAÞ vfl rk]j u”

fdfgU;~ fQfdfjgA vWL;~ jw| rl dV” p]'eo oqNkuA lkgcu rksj vfl fQfdfjg] ßoqfNo

lkW] uWfol L;Vl Nq d•eFk p+ksj j~oif; r” vkWB vku”A U;Lc d•eFk oksrql T+k” j~oif; r” p+ksj

vku”A exj f;e” fdrkc” fN c]f; fr };o yWMdo ifjeP+k”A R;qgqan uko Nq fdrkcu I;B

lkQ lkQ yhf[kFkA Y;gkt+k xfN+ }u j~oi;u r” P+ou vkuu c]f; }f; yfV U;Lck U;LcA

f;Fk” ikWB~; oksr L;Vqd dqy d•eFk uo vku”AÞ Vkstu yksx ;dne vk] axtu I;B fglkc djqu

r” fudl dqu oqfNFk fgykWo”u xnZuA eryc lkgc” lqan t+ckWuh fglkc Nq; Bh[kA fudl

[kk]r vWNu jFkA vdkW; ut+j =kWo”u Vkstl r” Vksft t+u p+E;oA E; ok]u lkgcl] ßu

ftukc] f;e” fdrkc” Nu” E; fr t+kag ifjeP+k” r” C;k[k dFk ifjgsA c” vkslql u” f;e” t+kag

tksyu” eaT+k” dMku”;A f;e T+k” uko fN E;kU;o };o ;kjo flfjQ ekLVj th l”afn ekj” fuf'k

cpu” [kkWrj” yhf[ke”R;AÞ fudu dk]j E;kWful ou”ul rkW;hn exj lkgcu eksu u” da]gA nk]iqu]

ßoqfNo lkW xk]cjo] fglkc xo fglkcA ckd; xo yksy r” ek;] lq xfN+ cjdjkj jksT+kquA

vn” ;]fy ;ikW;Z vkWflo idku] ;qu xfN+A f; cwT+;~ro iuquq; xj”AÞ fudl Oo'kY;o cqFkA c”

xksl t+u jwft+FkA fudu ok]uql] ßvn” ftukc] r]fy nhro vfl fdrkc” okilAÞ lkgcu

ok]uql] ßvgu lkW xk]cjk fne”gkW;] exj freu Y;w[k uk xqMk th;u iuqu ukoAÞ vfl =kWo

iFk dqu ut+jA lkgc” lqan yWMd” vksl o]fB ujdkWU;~ dye” l•R;~ fdrkcu uko ys[kkuA vfl

I;o t+u r” vleku dyl I;BA vWL;~ jw| lkgcl dqu vkj” gp+o p]'eo oqNkuA exj

lkgcl xo u” vlj d] agA ;hfrl dkyl æko xqMk th fdrkc” áFk r” rk]j nk]f;fel dqfBl

eat+A lkgcu dk]j rl vkyo r” ok]uqul] ßi[k lkW ty] dkfi;” vuo uk\Þ lkgcu áWp+

c]f; usju”p l[kj dj”U;~A vfl dqu oqfNFk ok]uqu] ßRofg D;kg lwapqoq OoU;~\ E; xfN+ uk

p+sjAÞ E; ok]u fudl dul ry] ßjVql OoU;~ f; fnf;; r” frAÞ ßvNk fnf;oÞ] fcpkW;Z

cqFk ykWfxFk ok]u fudu lkgclA ßvn” rFk Nk dkag oMÞ] lkgcu ok]uqlA pan” eaT+k” dWfMu

ik¡l” r” FkWfou fudl vFkl D;FkA fudu x¡T+k”jkWO;~] ßf;e g; fN ikap+; vku”!Þ lkgcu dWj



fudl g]fj I;B” Cou rke ut+j r” ok]uqul] ßvgu lkW r” p+ksj vku” fnfreo” uk VkaxlA E;

D;k [;o” d] ag\ ----- vNk f; jWV~;ro v[k vku” c]f;A rk]á fr de Ooij fNo”\Þ f;

oWfuFk dk]M lkgcu v[k vku” c]f; r” |qrqu fudlA

Qqfpe”p+o ta+xo ækf; vWL; U;cjA T+k” vkl” ctseP+k”A v[k Vkax”oksy vksl u]cj” dfu

lokfj çkjkuA fudu i`N+ql] ßgs ck;k] f; dql vykd” xo\Þ Vkax” okWY;~ ok]uql] ßf; xo

xk]cjk t+kWu” dWnyAÞ vfl fnp+ v[k vWfdl dqu ut+jA lkWfj; vkWL;~ ne QqV~;A ;wrkg nwj

--- xj” fdFk”dWU;~ okroA fudu dWj áeFk r” ok]uqu Vkax” okWfyl] ßgs cky xkMZu ek

xN+[k\Þ Vkax” okWY; fgykso dy”] ßvn” xN+oAÞ vWL; [kWR;~ lkWfj; Vkaxl r” Vkax” okWY; yks;

xqfjl dep” VklkgA Vkax” jwn idkuA c” vkslql lk—pku xfj D;kg ouo dfr vkWL;~A ;h lk—

pku xksl c” [kcj deu XoruA vpkud xo E; Vkax” okWY;~ lqan vkyo duu] ßoWflo lkW

VkB~;oAÞ E; fnp+ ut+jA vWL;~ vkWL;~ cky xkMZu okWR;~e”R;~A fudu i`N+ql] ßvfl dwr Nq

ck;k |qu\Þ Vkax” okWY; |qr xqfjl Q'kkg r” ok]uqu] ßrk]á fNo” iu”U;~ cp”] Rofg cU;k

T+;kn” ák]uA rk]á nhro flfjQ 'k] vku”AÞ fudl xo t+u r” vWNu vfuxk]VA pan” eaT+k”

dWfMu lkgc” l”a| fnfre”R;~ 'k] vku” r” dWfju Vkax” okWfyl goky”A Vkax” oksy ækoA

xj” vp+u” czk—B chB~; vWL; vWfdl dfu Fkjl I;B Fk[k fnfuA E; i]f; iu”ful [kk]go”fjl

vFkl dqu ut+jA vFk eat+ vkWl oqfu fr Lo l”ry ewtwn ;]fe l•R;~ E; fdrkcu xaM vksl

dk]jeqrA ftxjl oWfFke [katjA fudl dqu =kWo”e ut+jA rl t+u vkWl el[k” lwjr xkWe”p+A

E; jk]Vel vFkl eat+ vFk” r” ok]uqel] ßf; xo r” fr xoA exj v[k uWlhgFk Fko ;knA

f;u” czk—Bql dk¡fl lkgcl fdrkc” d”u[kAÞ

tsók módúr

KKAASSHHMMIIRR NNEEWWSS NNEETTWWOORRKK ((KKNNNN))


(( hhttttpp::////iiKKaasshhmmiirr..nneett))

p+kd eknqj Works (Kashmiri)/5.pdf · Roy's mother, when asked about the latent talent of her...

Documents

Transcript of p+kd eknqj Works (Kashmiri)/5.pdf · Roy's mother, when asked about the latent talent of her...