pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 ·...
Transcript of pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 ·...
![Page 1: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
*
**
Abstract
Main focus of this article is to enlighten the social intercourse of
Abbasid caliphs. Abbasid came in power on behalf of Persians. On this
quotation, we see the domination of Persian culture and civilization in all fields
of life of Abbasid. Abbasids were much inspired by Persians that as soon as
they came in power they announced Persian dress as their official dress. In
order to gain Persian favors Abbasid caliphs celebrated their (Persians)
festivals e.g. Noroz, Maher Jan and Ramroz. Even that the mentioned
festivals hadn't any least relationship with Islam rather these were sacred
festivals of Zoroastrianism. Abbasids tried their best to run the state in the
very Persian way. For this, they gradually started to imitate Persians in
approach of luxuries, title, wives, exhilarations, art of construction, religious
and national functions and soon these things were imprinted on the
meditations and thoughts of Abbasid caliphs. Contrary to Umayyad, Abbasid
caliphs were fond of constructions. Therefore, in their reign they built many
marvelous and glorious buildings along with colonization of new cities and
these buildings possessed great similarity with Persian art of construction.
Abbasid caliphs preferred Persian women and maids to Arabian women, that
was reason that except a few most of the caliphs were born by maids. Due to
these acts of Abbasids, on one hand, the fundamental social setup was
*
**
139
![Page 2: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them
due to their extra inclination towards Persians. Eventually it led the expansion
of Arabian Persian conflict. However in the rule of Muatassim Billah, this
Arabian Persian conflict simmered down for the power and authority had
been transferred to the Turks. Majority of the Abbasid Caliphs were
captivated in luxurious and extravagant life that's why the sensuous musical
parties were the beauty of their palaces. They were having inclination towards
hunting, horse racing and chess. In their imitation these games were equally
admired by public. In that era Zimis (non-Muslims) had complete religious
freedom. It is insured by the presence of Deer-e- Baghdadi, Deer-e- Azari and
Deer-ur- Rome churches. Abbasid caliphs not only refrained from
interruptions in their religious matters but also attended their religious festivals
by the way of approbation and unity. It is not awkward to say that Umayyad
caliphate was actually the Arab monarchy but on contrary Abbasid
government possessed international importance for their government had
Turkish and Persian prevalence. It's an acknowledged fact that no matter how
much Islamic prominence was dominated apparently on personal lives of
Abbasids but practically their political departments were spirited by Persian
monarchs.
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 9, 2012
140
![Page 3: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
(1)
(2)
(3)
691 / 72
(4)
(5)
141
completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof f
due to their extra inclination towards Persians. Eventually it l
of Arabian Persian conflict. However in the rule of Muatassim Bi
Arabian Persian conflict simmered down for the power and authori
been transferred to the Turks. Majority of the Abbasid Caliphs w
captivated in luxurious and extravagant life that's why the sens
parties were the beauty of their palaces. They were having incli
hunting, horse racing and chess. In their imitation these games
admired by public. In that era Zimis (non-Muslims) had complete
freedom. It is insured by the presence of Deer-e- Baghdadi, Deer
Deer-ur- Rome churches. Abbasid caliphs not only refrained from
interruptions in their religious matters but also attended their
by the way of approbation and unity. It is not awkward to say th
caliphate was actually the Arab monarchy but on contrary Abbasid
government possessed international importance for their governme
Turkish and Persian prevalence. It's an acknowledged fact that n
much Islamic prominence was dominated apparently on personal liv
Abbasids but practically their political departments were spirit
monarchs.
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research
![Page 4: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
(6)
(7)
635/13 (8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(13) (12)
(14)
(15)
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 9, 2012
142
![Page 5: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20) (21)
143
635/
(9)
(13)
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research
![Page 6: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
(22) (23)
(24)
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 9, 2012
144
![Page 7: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
762/145
(25)
(26) 770/154
(27) 768/151
(28)
(29)
(30)
(31) (32)
(33) 775/159
(34)
771/155
(35)
145
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research
![Page 8: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
773/157
(36)
(37) 774/158
(38) (39)
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 9, 2012
146
![Page 9: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
(40)
(41)
(42)
(43)
(44)
(45)
" "
147
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research
![Page 10: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
" "
(46) " "
(47)
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 9, 2012
148
![Page 11: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
(48)
(49)
149
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research
![Page 12: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
(50)
(51)
(52)
(53)
(54)
(55)
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 9, 2012
150
![Page 13: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
(56)
(57)
(58)
(59)
(60)
(61)
(62)
151
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research
![Page 14: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
" " " "
(63)
(64)
(65)
(66)
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 9, 2012
152
![Page 15: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
(67) (68)
(69)
(70)
(71)
"
(72)
(73)
153
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research
![Page 16: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
(74)
(75)
(76)
(77)
(78) (79)
(80)
(81) (82)
(83)
(84)
(85)
(86)
____ ____
____ ____
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 9, 2012
154
![Page 17: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
____ ____
____
____
15
(87)
(88)
(89)
155
(79)
(80)
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research
![Page 18: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
(90)
(91)
636/15
(92) XAAEA 639/18
(93)
(94)
(95)
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 9, 2012
156
![Page 19: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
(96)
(97)
(98)
157
(95)
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research
![Page 20: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
(99)
(100)
(101)
(102)
(103)
(104)
(105)
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 9, 2012
158
![Page 21: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
(106)
(107)
(108)
(109)
(110)
(111)
159
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research
![Page 22: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
(112)
(113)
:
(114)
(115)
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 9, 2012
160
![Page 23: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
(116)
(117)
(118)
(119)
(120)
" "
(121)
161
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research
![Page 24: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
(122)
(123)
(124)
(125)
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 9, 2012
162
![Page 25: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
1959 1
668 2
103 1989 2
662 2 3
4
198 1969 87 61939 5
22 2006 6
7. Le Stronge, Guy, Baghdad, During The AbbasidCaliphate,
Oxford, 1924,P 9-10 25 27 8
163
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research
![Page 26: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
11010 5 1978 9
677 2 10
245
11
101 10 5 12
13. Bernard Lewis, The Arabs in History, Hutchinson and Company,
(Publisher) Ltd, London,1970, P-83.
27 14
101 10 5 15
1 1931 16
78-77
17
457 4 1939
245
165 5 2003 681 2 18
145 5 19
75-74 1 20
76 21
22. Ameer Ali, Syed, A Short History of the Saracens, Islamic
Book Service, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, 1926, p-448.
23. Ibid
587 2 24
144 5 25
113 10 5 26
297 6 27
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 9, 2012
164
![Page 27: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
292 28
29
203 1136-11351 2003
71 30
1136-1135 1 31
71 32
213 5 33
245
34
35
615 2 1989 73 36
37. Ameer Ali, A Short History of the Saracens, p- 447.
161 38
39
100 40
333 4 1986 41
311 42
319 7 43
333 4 44
748 2 45
161 46
250 47
323 4 48
758 2 49
207
50
165
110
13.
1 1931
245
22.
23.
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research
![Page 28: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
51. Ameer Ali, A Short History of the Saracens, p-254.
389-388 1938 52
59 53
759 2 54
55
750 56
57
222 3
58. Hitti, Philip K. The Arabs, Macmillan and Company Ltd,
London, 1953, P-87.
191 1955 59
60. Hitti, Philip K, History of the Arabs, Macmillan and Company
Limited, England,1961,P-302.
203
61
62. Ameer Ali , A Short History of the Saracens,P-458.
63. Ibid.
89 64
135 2004 65
66. Ameer Ali , A Short History of the Saracens, P-451.
105103 1298 67
55-54 68
778 2 69
70. Ameer Ali, A Short History of the Saracens, P-450.
137 71
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 9, 2012
166
![Page 29: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
22 72
73
467 1901
188 1950 74
467 75
286 1 1997 76
139 77
115 78
79
145 1926 139 80
161 81
192 82
83
221 84
140 85
36-37 1962 86
140 87
141 88
286 1 89
90
140 91
143 92
261 2005 93
251 94
167
51.
58.
60.
62.
63.
66.
105
70.
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research
![Page 30: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
146 95
283-282 1 96
718 2 97
230 98
277 99
276
100
239 101
719 -718 2 102
439 6
387 103
187
104
208206 1 1285 105
729726 2 106
5444 1944 107
713 2 108
204200 5 109
291 110
358356 5 111
784 2 112
113. Ameer Ali , A Short History of the Saracens, P- 458.
275 114
115. Hitti, History of the Arabs, P-339.
73
116
198 1 1928 117
783 2 118
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 9, 2012
168
![Page 31: pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 · completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them due to their](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042106/5e858de0b2f1f823672c58e0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
22 119
137:2 120
770 2 121
222 1879 122
159 123
222 124
125. Hitti, History of the Arabs, P-332
169
5444
113.
115.
Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research