Presentation for Intertanko Members

London July 1st 2015

Steve Cameron,

Marine Director RTI Vice Chairman Business Council for Africa

Piracy and Maritime Security Standards

Piracy and Maritime Security Standards

Content • Services • Global Security and Corruption Issues • Africa, conflicts and drivers of instability • Piracy & Political Issues - East Africa and Somalia - West Africa - Malacca Straits • Maritime Security Standard ISO 28000

and ISO 28007

Sectors • Aviation • Buildings • Rail • Utilities

Facilities (Forensic Engineering) • Chemistry and Electrical Labs • Mechanical and Metallurgical Labs • Flight Simulator • Imaging Sciences ( Animations & 720) • Inspection Facility

RTI Group Headquarters Annapolis, Maryland

Maritime Services

Services • Risk, Safety, Security and Anti-piracy • Audits and training: ISM, SMS, ISPS, BRM, ISO 28007 • Serious casualty investigations • Experts for disputes and arbitrations

• Due diligence studies and business risk Sectors – African & Maritime Markets • Shipping wet & dry • Ports and Terminals • Oil & Gas • Off–Shore • Logistics and Supply Chains

cmr Maritime and African Markets

Since 2001

Global Security Issues

Admiral Lord West of Spithead • May 2013 ISIS didn’t have a recognised profile

• Now ISIS the biggest security threat in 2015

• ISIS army Iraq well trained - many ex Iraqi army

• Risks also for Lebanon / Egypt / Yemen / Libya

• Situation in Somalia improving but Al Shabab still a threat

• Turmoil from Morocco to Pakistan (inc Tunisia)

• GoG an area of real concern as more complex than East Africa

• Links between; piracy, crime, and corruption

(SCEG maritime security conference 25th June 2015)

Global Corruption Issues

Mark Pyman ex Transparency International

• In many countries, extracting money from business is not corruption, its part of the culture and how the country is structured !

• Corruption costs $1.0 trillion per annum • It traps millions in poverty

• Undermines the rule of law

• Breeds social unrest and political crisis

• Successful democratic elections integrating terrorist groups, doesn’t change them into democratic organisations

(SCEG maritime security conference 25th June 2015)

Global Corruption Issues

Mark Pyman ex Transparency International (TI) TI corruption perceptions index

index - ease of doing

(SCEG maritime security conference 25th June 2015)

• Countries spending on military & training, don't focus on ethics or values

• Security forces in West Africa penetrated by organised crime

• $8 of $10 spent is unaccounted for

• Africa treated as single region

8

Conflict Trends

Source – Chatham House

Arc of instability

Rebel movements and Gangs

11

Flows of Migrants

• East Africa and Somalia • West Africa • Malacca Straits • Maritime Security Standard ISO 28000 and ISO 28007

Piracy & Political Issues

East Africa and Somalia

• No ships with armed guards pirated 2014-15

• Somalia improving But:- • International naval coalition forces remit ends in 2016 – reductions likely?

• Concerns as Yemen deteriorates

• Commercial pressures on PMSC risks reduction in standards

Somalia Briefing June 26th

Harriet Matthews UK Ambassador

UK Priorities • Humanitarian Help

• Security

• Political progress and State building

• Election autumn 2016

Other comments

• Piracy root causes still exist

• Still issues to address fishery protection and illegal fishing

Differences

West Africa • 80% of all incidents conducted

within coastal States • Coastal States are integral to

solving the problem. • No international naval coalition

forces present, confused reporting procedures.

• Pirates based along the coastal States of GoG.

• Pirate MOs are different but more violent.

• GoG is not a vital SLOC*. • East Africa PMSC model doesn’t

suit GoG coastal States.

East Africa

• Piracy committed on the high seas.

• Coastal states peripheral to problem.

• 3 international naval coalition forces established reporting procedures.

• Pirates predominantly based in the failed state of Somalia.

• Pirate MO ransom ship and crew.

• SLOC* through HRA are critically important with vital choke-points.

• PMSCs used extensively to protect ships successfully.

* Sea Lines Of Communication

17

Maritime Insecurity in the Gulf of Guinea

• Piracy & armed robbery at sea

• Theft of oil and other cargo

• Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing

• Trafficking of counterfeit goods, people, narcotics and arms

Main Cocaine Flows - 2010

w w w . o c e a n s b e y o n d p i r a c y . o r g

Nigeria – New incumbent President Buhari

Buhari inaugural speech:-

• Thanked neighbouring countries leaders of Cameroon, Chad and Niger that helped in fighting Boko Haram

• Committed Army command centre to be relocated to Maiduguri until Boko Haram subdued

Meantime:-

• Advice is “do not take even unarmed advisors on ships calling in Nigerian waters”

• MoUs with Nigerian Navy held by International Maritime Security Providers of little value

• Not yet clear if NIMASA or Nigerian Navy will be the lead maritime security

• Buhari likely to make progress on security in the North but face problems in the South

Malacca Straits

• Indonesia – 17,000 islands

• Petrol prices increased by 33%

• Orkim Harmony, borded early evening of June 11th. 6,000 tonnes of product —$5m at market prices

• Incidents an alarming symptom of a regional uptake in piracy

• ReCAAP, regional co-ordinating agency accused of downplaying the latest spike

Even petty thieves attempting to board in congested waterways, cause accidents. “It’s like someone climbing into your boot while you’re driving down a motorway” Philip Belcher Intertanko, ( Economist 26th June 2015)

ISO 28000 / ISO PAS 28007 Maritime Security Standard for Armed Guard on vessels

Structure for ISO accredited body IAF - International Accreditation Forum UKAS - national accreditation body to assess against internationally agreed standards

UKAS assess RTI to be come a certification Body (CB) against ;- • ISO 17021 and 19011 management systems certification and auditing certification • ISO 28003 supply chain security management system RTI assess PMSCs against :- • ISO 28000 Security Management Systems for the Supply chain (risk based Q.M.S.) • ISO 28007 Guidance & Scope for PMSCs applying the requirements of ISO 28000.

PCASP privately contracted armed security personnel (direct or self employed by PMSCs)

ISO 28000 and ISO PAS 28007

ISO 28000 – Supply Chain Security • Security Management policy, programme, objectives and targets • Security Risk Assessment and Planning • Legal, Statutory and other security regulatory requirements (Port and Flag State) • Structure, authority and responsibilities • Competence, training and awareness • Communications, Document and data control • Emergency preparedness, failures and audits

ISO 28000 and ISO PAS 28007

ISO 28007-1 2015 – Guide lines for PMSC providing armed security personnel on ships ( was ISO PAS 28007 until March 2015)

• Security Management policy, programme, objectives and targets • Operational controls • Performance evaluation Made up of • Management systems, Leadership, Competence, roles and responsibilities • Culture and Ethics (ICOC) • Outsourcing and subcontracting of PCAPS • Insurance • Security objectives, actions to address risks, risk assessments • Legal and regulatory requirements – fire arms licencing • Selection, vetting and training of PCASP • Fire arms training – weapons specific – fire arms drills on ships is not training • Rules for the ‘use of force’ • Security briefings and training on vessel, vessel hardening procedures • BIMCO Guardcon contracts

RTI principles and progress

Internally at RTI We apply ISO standards of 17021 and 28003 and the principles of :- • Impartiality (conflict register) • Competence • Responsibility • Openness • Confidentiality • Responsiveness to complaints Formation of Independent Governance Board (IGB) – Industry Experts • Reports & Meetings with IDG • Internal Audits by RTI independent auditor (Aviation Audit trained) • Regular External audits by UKAS

Observations raised

1. Firearms training • 4.4.4 - weapons specific training • Difference between weapons drills on-board and weapons training not understood 2. Screening and vetting of security personnel 3. Size of PMSC and how they manage operations • 48 PMSCs are currently ISO 28007 certified and operating • Companies remaining smaller and with less resources, taking longer

Observations raised

4. Risk assessments Smaller companies not grasping the concept of robust risk assessments. Sometimes difficult to relay to a client that does not have experience and knowledge of drafting such documentation. 5. ICOCA and human rights 6. Benefits of the transit audit – life cycle of the components necessary for a transit.

• Geographic spread (West and East Africa?)

• Usually Red Sea, East Africa, Gulf of Aden, Indian Ocean • Additional areas added afterwards - covered by scope extension

Potential for scope extension as security issues develop elsewhere • Potential for new PMSC certification as the business moves

eastwards. (China)

Scope

Terms and Definitions 3.8 Guiding principles on human rights – was Montreux document 3.18 Now team leader, was supernumerary 3.21 Definition of incident – new 4.1.7 Organisations roles etc reference to and Annex A deleted b) intelligence reporting – was assessment j The organisation should a ) have an accessible written code of ethics inc human rights and code of conduct b) be able to demonstrate that personnel are conversant with its code of ethics procedures and plans This was 4.1.8 culture and ethics which now deleted

ISO 28007 – 1; 2015 Gap Analysis

4.1.9 Financial stability of the organisation – is now more specific on financial references 4.3.2. Selection of background screening and vetting security personnel - Please note that Note 1 effective range of 500 metres deleted. This should not mean shotguns now a suitable alternative , given need to comply with RUF and Other coniderations 1) minimum age requirements now as per ILO convention 138 4.6.1 documentation – integrity of data and information - added See also changes to bibliography

ISO 28007 – 1; 2015 Gap Analysis

Conclusions

• Instability and security risks increasing

• Need to tackle root causes of piracy, crime, and corruption

• East Africa stable but HRA likely to remain as insurers risk adverse

• West Africa needs an African developed solution

• Reducing pricing for armed guards causing concern of lowering standards and increased risks

cmr Developing business and people Maritime and African Markets

Conclusions

• Instability and security risks increasing • Need to tackle root causes of piracy, crime, and corruption • East Africa stable but HRA likely to remain as insurers risk

adverse • West Africa needs an African developed solution • Reducing pricing for armed guards causing concern of

lowering standards and increased risks

Thank you

Steve Cameron CMR

150 Minories London EC3N 1LS +44 (0) 203 053 8601

steve@cmrsupport.com

cmr Maritime and African

Markets Since 2001