PIPING INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE

1. What factors to consider for site selection?Ans : District classification, Transportation facilities, Manpoweravailability, industrial infrastructure, community infrastructure, availabilityof raw water, effluent disposal, availability of power, availability ofindustrial gas, site size and nature, ecology and pollution.

2. What are different standards?Ans : Most commonly use standards are as follows:Sr. Standard Description1. ANSI B18.2 Square and hexagola head bolts and nuts2. ANSI B16.3 Malleable iron threaded fittings3. ANSI B16.4 Cast iron threaded fittings.4. ANSI B16.9 Steel buttwelding fittings5. ANSI B16.11 Forged steel socketwelding and threaded fittings6. ANSI B16.25 Buttwelding ends7. ANSI B16.28 Short elbow radius and returns8. MSS-SP-43 Stainless steel buttweld fittings9. MSS-SP-83 Pipe Unions10. API 605 Large diameter carbon steel flanges11. ANSI B16.1 Cast iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings12. ANSI B16.5 Steel pipe flanges and flanged fittings13. ANSI B16.47 Large diameter steel pipe flanges and flanged fitts.14. ANSI B16.20 Ring joint gaskets and grooves for pipe flanges15. ANSI B16.21 Non metallic gaskets for pipe flanges16. API 601 Metallic gasket for refinery piping.17. API 5L Specification for line pipe.18. ANSI B16.10 Welded and seamless wrought steel pipes19. ANSI B36.19 Welded and seamless austenitic stainless steel pipe20. ANSI B16.10 Face to face and end to end dimensions of valves21. ANSI B16.34 Steel valves, flanged and buttwelding ends.

3. What are various temporary closures for lines?Ans : Line blind valve, line blind, spectacle plate, double block and bleed,blind flanges replacing a removable spool.

4. Where jacked screwed flange is used ?Ans : For spectacle discs, one flange is jacked screw flange. This flangehas two jacked screws 180 degree apart which are used to createsufficient space between flange for easy removal and placement of lineblind or spectacle blind.

5. What is double block and bleed?Ans : Two valves with bleed ring in between with a bleed valve connectedto the hole of bleed ring.

6. Where blind flange is used ?Ans : It is used with view to future expansion of the piping system, or forcleaning, inspection etc.

TOWERS

7. What are crude oil ranges?Ans : Crude oil BP Range: 100F-1400F, lightest material: Butene below100F, Heavier materials- upto 800F, Residue above 800F.

8. What is batch shell process?Ans : feed, heat,condense,heat more,condense, low quality.

9. What are types of towers?Ans : Stripper, Vacuum tower, trayed, packed towers.

10. What is chimney tray?Ans : Its a solid plate with central chimney section, used at drawoffsections of the tower.

11. What factors to consider while setting tower elevation?Ans : NPSH, Operator access, Maintenance access, Minimum clearance,reboiler type , common area, type of support, Tower dimensions, type ofhead, bottom outlet size, foundation details, minimum clearances.

12. How to located tower maintenance access nozzles ?Ans : At bottom, top and intermediate sections of tower, must not be atthe downcomer section of tower and in front of internal piping.

13. How to located feed nozzle ?Ans : Must be oriented in specific area of tray by means of internalpiping.

14. How to located temperature and pressure instruments ?Ans : Temperature in liquid space, at downcomer side and pressure invapor space, in area except downcomer sector.

1. What are the steps in selection of valve?2. Ans : What to handle, liquid, gas or powder, fluid nature, function,construction material, disc type, stem type, how to operate, bonnet type,body ends, delivery time, cost, warranty.2. What are functions of valves?Ans : Isolation, regulation, non-return and special purposes.3. What are isolating valves?Ans : Gate, ball, plug, piston, diaphragm, butterfly, pinch.4. What are regulation valves?Ans : Globe, needle, butterfly, diaphragm, piston, pinch.5. What are non-return valves?Ans : check valve,6. What are special valves?Ans : multi-port, flush bottom, float, foot, pressure relief, breather.7. What materials are used for construction of valves?Ans : Cast iron, bronze, gun metal, carbon steel, stainless steel, alloycarbon steel, polypropylene and other plastics, special alloys.8. What is trim?Ans : Trim is composed of stem, seat surfaces, back seat bushing andother small internal parts that normally contact the surface fluid.9. Which standard specifies trim numbers for valve ?Ans : API 600.10. What are wetted parts of valve?Ans : All parts that come in contact with surface fluid are called wettedparts.11. What is wire drawing?Ans : This term is used to indicate the premature erosion of the valveseat caused by excessive velocity between seat and seat disc, when valveis not closed tightly.12. What is straight through valve?Ans : Valve in which the closing operation of valve is achieved by90degrees turn of the closing element.13. What pressure tests are carried out on valves?Ans : Shell-hydrostatic, seat-hydrostatic, seat-pneumatic14. What are available valve operators?Ans : Handlever, handwheel, chain operator, gear operator, poweredoperator likes electric motor, solenoid, pneumatic and hydraulicoperators, Quick acting operators for non-rotary valves (handle lift).15. What are two types of ball valve?Ans : Full port design and regular port design, according to type of seat,soft seat and metal seat.16. What are ball valve body types?Ans : Single piece, double piece, three piece, the short pattern, longpattern, sandwitch and flush bottom design.17. Why ball valves are normally flanged?Ans : Because of soft seat PTFE which can damage during welding.18. What are butterfly valve types?Ans : Double flange type, wafer lug type and wafer type.19. What are types of check valve?Ans : Lift check valves and swing check valves.20. What are non-slam check valves?Ans : Swing check valve, conventional check valve, wafer check valve,tilting disc check valve, piston check valve, stop check valve, ball checkvalve.21. Where stop check valve is used ?Ans : In stem generation by multiple boilers, where a valve is insertedbetween each boiler and the main steam header. It can be optionallyclosed automatically or normally.22. Where diaphragm valves are used ?Ans : Used for low pressure corrosive services as shut off valves.23. What is Barstock Valve?Ans: Any valve having a body machined from solid metal (barstock).Usually needle or globe type.24. What is BIBB Valve?Ans: A small valve with turned down end, like a faucet.25. What is Bleed Valve?Ans: Small valve provided for drawing off liquid. - See more at: http://piping-info.blogspot.in/2009/04/piping-questionnaire-valve-part-1-of-3.html#sthash.LlqQJwch.dpuf

26. What is BlowDown Valve?Ans Refers to a plug type disc globe valve used for removing sludge andsedimentary matter from the bottom of boiler drums, vessels, driplegsetc.27. What is Breather Valve?Ans: A special self acting valve installed on storage tanks etc. to releasevapor or gas on slight increase of internal pressure ( in the region of to3 ounces per square inch).28. What is Drip Valve?Ans: A drain valve fitted to the bottom of a driplet to permit blowdown.29. What is Flap Valve?Ans: A non return valve having a hinged disc or rubber or leather flapused for low pressure lines.30. What is Hose Valve?Ans: A gate or globe valve having one of its ends externally threaded toone of the hose thread standards in use in the USA. These valves areused for vehicular and firewater connections.31. What is Paper-Stock Valve?Ans: A single disc single seat gate valve (Slide gate) with knife edged ornotched disc used to regulate flow of paper slurry or other fibrous slurry.32. What is Root Valve?Ans: A valve used to isolate a pressure element or instrument from a lineor vessel, or a valve placed at the beginning of a branch form theheader.33. What is Slurry valve?Ans: A knife edge valve used to control flow of non-abrasive slurries.34. What is Spiral sock valve?Ans: A valve used to control flow of powders by means of a twistablefabric tube or sock.35. What is Throttling valve?Ans: Any valve used to closely regulate flow in the just-open position.36. What is Vacuum breaker?Ans: A special self-acting valve or nay valve suitable for vacuum service,operated manually or automatically, installed to admit gas (usuallyatmospheric air) into a vacuum or low-pressure space. Such valves areinstalled on high points of piping or vessels to permit draining andsometimes to prevent siphoning.37. What is Quick acting valve ?Ans: Any on/off valve rapidly operable, either by manual lever, spring orby piston, solenoid or lever with heat-fusible link releasing a weight whichin falling operates the valve. Quick acting valves are desirable in linesconveying flammable liquids. Unsuitable for water or for liquid service ingeneral without a cushioning device to protect piping from shock.38. What is diverting valve ?Ans : This valve switch flow from one main line to two different outlets.WYE type and pneumatic control type with no moving part.39. What is sampling valve?Ans : Usually of needle or globe pattern, placed in branch line for thepurpose of drawing all samples of process material thru the branch.40. What are blow off valve?Ans : It is a variety of globe valve confirming with boiler coderequirements and specially designed for boiler blowoff service. WYEpattern and angle type, used to remove air and other gases from boilersetc.41. What is relief valve?Ans : Valve to relieve excess pressure in liquids in situations where fullflow discharge is not required, when release of small volume of liquidwould rapidly lower pressure.42. What is safety valve?Ans : Rapid opening(popping action) full flow valve for air and othergases.43. What is foot valve?Ans : Valve used to maintain a head of water on the suction side of sumppump, basically a lift check valve with integrated strainer.44. What is float valve?Ans : Used to control liquid level in tanks, operated by float, which riseswith liquid level and opens the valve to control water level. It can alsoremove air from system, in which case, air flows out of system in valveopen condition, but when water reaches valve, float inside valve raises toclose the valve and stop flow of water. Used in drip legs.45. What are flush bottom valves?Ans : Special type of valves used to drain out the piping, reactors andvessels, attached on pad type nozzles.46. What are types of flush bottom valves?Ans : Valves with discs opening into the tank and valves with disks intothe valve.47. What are the uses of three-way valve?Ans : Alternate connection of the two supply lines to a common deliveryvise versa, isolating one safety valve, division of flow with isolationfacility.48. What are uses of four way valve?Ans : Reversal of pump suction and delivery, By pass of strainer ormeter, reversal of flow through filter, heat exchanger or dryer.49. What is metal seated lubricated plug valve?Ans : A plug valve with no plastic material, where grease is applied tocontacting surfaces for easy operation.50. What are three patterns of plug valve design?Ans : Regular pattern, short pattern and ventury pattern. - See more at: http://piping-info.blogspot.in/2009/04/piping-questionnaire-valve-part-2-of-3.html#sthash.WwFJ0U2M.dpuf

1. What are the steps in selection of valve?Ans : What to handle, liquid, gas or powder, fluid nature, function,construction material, disc type, stem type, how to operate, bonnet type,body ends, delivery time, cost, warranty.2. What are functions of valves?Ans : Isolation, regulation, non-return and special purposes.3. What are isolating valves?Ans : Gate, ball, plug, piston, diaphragm, butterfly, pinch.4. What are regulation valves?Ans : Globe, needle, butterfly, diaphragm, piston, pinch.5. What are non-return valves?Ans : check valve,6. What are special valves?Ans : multi-port, flush bottom, float, foot, pressure relief, breather.7. What materials are used for construction of valves?Ans : Cast iron, bronze, gun metal, carbon steel, stainless steel, alloycarbon steel, polypropylene and other plastics, special alloys.8. What is trim?Ans : Trim is composed of stem, seat surfaces, back seat bushing andother small internal parts that normally contact the surface fluid.9. Which standard specifies trim numbers for valve ?Ans : API 600.10. What are wetted parts of valve?Ans : All parts that come in contact with surface fluid are called wettedparts.11. What is wire drawing?Ans : This term is used to indicate the premature erosion of the valveseat caused by excessive velocity between seat and seat disc, when valveis not closed tightly.12. What is straight through valve?Ans : Valve in which the closing operation of valve is achieved by90degrees turn of the closing element.13. What pressure tests are carried out on valves?Ans : Shell-hydrostatic, seat-hydrostatic, seat-pneumatic14. What are available valve operators?Ans : Handlever, handwheel, chain operator, gear operator, poweredoperator likes electric motor, solenoid, pneumatic and hydraulicoperators, Quick acting operators for non-rotary valves (handle lift).15. What are two types of ball valve?Ans : Full port design and regular port design, according to type of seat,soft seat and metal seat.16. What are ball valve body types?Ans : Single piece, double piece, three piece, the short pattern, longpattern, sandwitch and flush bottom design.17. Why ball valves are normally flanged?Ans : Because of soft seat PTFE which can damage during welding.18. What are butterfly valve types?Ans : Double flange type, wafer lug type and wafer type.19. What are types of check valve?Ans : Lift check valves and swing check valves.20. What are non-slam check valves?Ans : Swing check valve, conventional check valve, wafer check valve,tilting disc check valve, piston check valve, stop check valve, ball checkvalve.21. Where stop check valve is used ?Ans : In stem generation by multiple boilers, where a valve is insertedbetween each boiler and the main steam header. It can be optionallyclosed automatically or normally.22. Where diaphragm valves are used ?Ans : Used for low pressure corrosive services as shut off valves.23. What is Barstock Valve?Ans: Any valve having a body machined from solid metal (barstock).Usually needle or globe type.24. What is BIBB Valve?Ans: A small valve with turned down end, like a faucet.25. What is Bleed Valve?Ans: Small valve provided for drawing off liquid. - See more at: http://piping-info.blogspot.in/2009/04/piping-questionnaire-valve-part-1-of-3.html#sthash.ZWSrf9PP.dpuf

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