PIPERACEAE
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PIPERACEAE
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Current Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Tree
for Flowering Plants2008
magnoliids
monocots
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stem section of Piper showing monocot-like stem anatomy
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Piper nigrum in cultivation:
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Piper methysticum - the source of kava
Methysticin, a kavalactone
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Peperomia
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Sarcorhachis sydowii -
Lepianthes (Pothomorphe)
http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast?w3till=MOA-03621_001.jpg
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/401/Magnoliophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliidae/Piperaceae/Lepianthes(Pothomorphe)/
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Houttuynia Anemopsis
Saururaceae have a diversity of showy inflorescences that suggest flowers
Houttuynia
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Houttuynia Anemopsis
Saururaceae have a diversity of showy inflorescences that suggest flowers
Houttuynia
Saururus
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Flowers and Primordia of Snapdragon
sepals
stamenspetal
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When Arabidopsis flowers are first initiated no floral organs are visible, however floral organ primordia begin to develop shortly thereafter, beginning with the outer (sepal) primordia, and ending with the inner (carpel) primordia. http://www.botany.ubc.ca/haughn/overview.htm
LEFT - Scanning Electron Micrograph of very young floral buds emerging from the flanks of the apical meristem. The apical meristem is labelled (a) and one of the young flowers is labelled (f).
RIGHT- A slightly older flower in which primordia for a petal (2), a stamen (3), and gynoecium (4) are labelled. Sepals (1) have been removed to reveal the inner floral organ primordia.
1
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Peperomia - a pistillate inflorescence up close
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Rolf Sattler’s light microscope picture of Peperomia, A = stamenrB = BractG = Gynoecium
rB
AA
G
G
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Shirley Tucker: Peperomia inflorescence in early development.B = bractF = flower
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Older floral meristem of Peperomia
Bract removed from here
tamen tamen
ynoecium
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Piper amalago: Stamens:AM anterior medianPM posterior medianPL posterior lateralAL anterior lateral
The four-carpellate gynoeciumis in the middle.
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Piperales: molecular phylogeny
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Piperales: gynoecium structure overlain on the phylogeny
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Piperales: gynoecium development overlain on the phylogeny
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Key Characters for Piperaceae
1. Swollen nodes2. Arcuate veins3. Crushed-leaf odoer of the magnoliids4. Thick spikes5. No perianth
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Piperales: androecium development overlain on the phylogeny