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ElectricallyConductive Concrete

Michelle HoUniversity of Houston

Cullen College of [email protected]


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Electrically Conductive Concrete

DefinitionChopped Carbon Fiber(CCF)


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Problem

Ice and snow build-up

driving hazards

traffic and timedelays


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History and Past Projects Sodium chloride

ProsInexpensiveSimple application

Ruins groundwater andvegetationCorrosion of reinforcing barsConcrete surface damage


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History and Past Projects (contd) Heating cables

ProsEffective deicing

ConsTraffic disturbances

Heating PipesPros

Effective deicing

ConsLeaks lead to almostimpossible maintenanceComplex and costly


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Purpose

Solving the de-icing problem

Reduce damage and maintenance to concrete

and environment


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Scope

Investigation into conductive concretes:

Resistive properties

Heat ng propert es


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Design of System


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Design of System (contd) Two types of electrodes

Zinc Perforated Metal Sheets (a) Aluminum Mesh (b)

(a) (b)


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Procedures Resistivity Testing

Two point probe methodInput: voltageOutput: current readings

V = I * RSlope: resistance

Heating Testing

Heating and Cooling Temperature and current

readings Sample connected to a power

supply


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Resistivity ResultsAverage Resistance (Ohms) vs. % CCF by Mass of Cement

300

350

400

450

500

c e

( )

0

50

100

150

200

0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80

% CCF by Mass of Cement

R e s i s

t a

Zinc Mesh


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Resistance (Ohms) vs. % CCF by Mass of Cement

300

350

400

450

500

( )

Resistivity Results (contd)

0

50

100

150

200

250

0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80

% CCF by Mass Cement

R e s

i s t a n c

Zinc Mesh


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Problem

Due to the unexpected high amount ofresistance encountered when the sample

,sample was at room temperature, a heatingand cooling test were done to investigate

the relationship between temperature andresistance.


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Cooling Results

2000

2500

3000

e ( )

Cooling 1% CCF

Cooling 1.67% CCF

0

500

1000

1500

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Temperature (C)

R e s i s t a n


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Heating Results

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

c e ( )

1% CCF Heating

1.67% CCF Heating

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

Temperature (C)

R e s i s t a


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Example of mortar blocks in a freezer


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Discussion

Resistive TestingCorrelation

Inversely proportional relationship betweenresistance and percentage of CCF

Increase in CCF triggers a decrease in resistance and

increase in current


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Discussion (contd)

Heating Testing

Problem

es stance too g qua rup e

Only .05 A and 1 W power output with 20 V input

Correlation: Inversely proportional relationship

between temperature and resistance


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Future Work

Design better concrete systemto solve resistance problem inthe heating test

and admixtures

Sonication and compaction eliminate entrapped air

bubbles in non-solidifiedconcrete mixtures Fly Ash


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Acknowledgements Dr. Mo REU advisor Dr. Gangbing Song Faculty Mentor Christiana Chang Masters Mentor

sponsored by the National Science Foundationunder the Award No. EEC-0649163. The opinionsexpressed in this study are those of the authorsand do not necessarily reflect the views of thesponsor.


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References http://www.newsgd.com/news/picstories/content/images/attachement/j

pg/site26/20080204/0010dc53fa040910b7cd05.jpg

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/PAVEMENT/recycling/fach01.cfm http://www.tohotenax.com/tenax/en/products/images/photo_chopped.j

pg http://img.directindustry.com/images_di/photo-g/chopped-carbon-

- .

http://www.allwarm.com/images/installdway1.jpeg http://www.instablogsimages.com/images/2008/01/01/roadenergysyste

ms_6648.jpg http://www.dailycommercialnews.com/images/archivesid/32825/400.j

pg Christiana Chang (2009). Development of Self-Heating Concrete

Utilizing Carbon Nanofiber Heating Elements.


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References (Contd) Cress, M. D. 1995. Heated bridge deck construction and operation in Lincoln, Nebraska. IABSE Symp., San

Francisco, 449454. Roosevelt, D. S. 2004. A bridge deck anti-icing system in Virginia: Lessons learned from a pilot study, Final Rep.

No. VTRC 04-R26, Virginia Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, Va. Sun Mingquing, Li Zhuoqiu, and Mao Quizhao. 1997. Study on the Electrothermal Property of CFRC[J]. Journal

of Wuhan University of Technology. V 19. Issue 2. 72-74. Tang, Zuquan. June 2006. Influential Factors on Deicing Performance of electrically Conductive Concrete

Pavement. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology Mater. Sci. Ed. Volume 21. No 2. Tang, Zuquan, Li Zhouqiu, Hou Zuofu, et al. 2002. Influence of Setting of Electrical Conductive concrete Heating

Layer on Effectiveness of Deicing[J]. Journal fo Wuhan University of Technology Mater. Sci. Ed. Volume 17.Issue 3. 41-45.

Tuan Christopher Y. March 2008. Roca Spur Bridge: The Implementation of an Innovative Deicing Technology.

Journal of Cold Regions Engineering (U. of Nebraska). Volume 22 Issue 1, 1-15. Tuan, Christopher Y. 2004. Electrical Resistance Heating of Conductive concrete Containing Steel Fibers andShavings. ACI Materials Journal, V. 101, No. 1. 65-71.

Williams, D., Williams, N., and Cao, Y. (2000). Road salt contamination of ground water in major metropolitan areaand development of a biological index to monitor its impact. Water Research, 1 (34), 127-138.

Yehia, Sherif and Tuan, Christopher Y. 1998. Bridge Deck Deicing. Transportation Conference Proceedings,Department of Civil Engineering, University of Neraska-Lincoln. 51-57.

Yehia, S. A., Tuan, C, Y., Ferdon, D., and Chen B. 2000. Conductive Concret Overlay for Bridge Deck Deicing:Mixture Proportioning Optimization, and Properties. ACI Materials Journal. V. 97, No. 2. 172-181.

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