Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the...

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1 First Responder Training By Michael Callan Pipeline Emergency Response

Transcript of Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the...

Page 1: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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FirstResponderTrainingByMichaelCallan

PipelineEmergencyResponse

Page 2: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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CourseObjectives

Atthecompletionofthistraining,individualswillpossessthefollowingknowledge,skills,andabilities:1. Awarenessofthedifferenttypesofpipelinesandtheirpurposes2. Abilitytorecognizeapipelineright-of-way3. Knowledgeoftheinformationcontainedonpipelinemarkers4. Awarenessofinformationavailablethroughvariousmappingsystems5. Abilitytorecognizeapipelineleak6. Awarenessofthepotentialhazardsassociatedwithapipelineleak7. Understandingoftheactionstotakeinresponsetoapipelineleak,including

theessentialcommunicationsthatmaybenecessary8. Knowledgeoftheactionsoperatorstaketoprotectandmaintainthe

integrityofpipelines9. Awarenessoftheadditionalresourcesthatareavailable

Page 3: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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Introduction

l Pipelinesarethesafestandmostreliablewaytotransportenergyproducts

l Pipelineoperatorsregularlymonitortheintegrityoftheirpipelinestoensuresafeoperations

l Evenwiththeseefforts,anunintendedreleaseispossibleandrespondingagenciesmustbepreparedtoact

l Thisguideprovidesageneralsetofinteroperableemergencyresponseproceduresandgivesrespondersthebasicinformationneededtosafelyhandleapipelineincident

http://pipelineawareness.org

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PipelineBasics

l Thereareover2.7millionmilesofpipelinesintheUnitedStates

l Pipelinesarefacilitiesthoughwhichhazardousliquidsorgasmoveintransportation,andinclude:

l Pipelinesl Valvesl Compressorstationsl Pumpingunitsl Meterstationsl Storagetanks

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PipelineBasics

PipelinesinYourCommunity

l GatheringPipelinesl Transportcrudeandnaturalgasfromthe

well-headtoprocessingfacilities

l TransmissionPipelinesl Transportnaturalgasandrefinedproducts

fromrefineriestomarketingordistributioncentersthroughlargerdiameterhigherpressurepipelines

l DistributionPipelinesl Transportnaturalgasfromtransmission

pipelinestocustomersthroughlowerpressuresmallerdiameterpipelines

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PipelineBasics

PipelineRight-of-Way(ROW)

l Allpipelinesareconstructedalongaclearcorridoroflandcalledtheright-of-way(ROW)

l TheROWmaycontainoneormorepipelines,mayvaryinwidth,andwillcrossthroughpublicandprivateproperty

l Enablespipelinepersonneltogainaccessforinspection,maintenance,testingoremergencies

l TheROWshouldbefreeofpermanentstructures(encroachments)andlargetrees

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PipelineBasics

TheMostImportantSizeUpInformationaResponderCanHave!

Pipeline Company Name

24 Hour Emergency Phone Number

Product Transported

PipelineMarkerSignsAbovegroundsignsandmarkersidentifytheapproximatelocationofundergroundpipelines.Markersmaylookdifferent,buteverysigntellsyouthesameinformation:

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PipelineBasics

Vent PipesAerial Marker ROW

Approximate Locations

MARKER

PIPELINES

Railway

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PipelineBasics

PipelineControlCenter

Whenyoucallthe24-houremergencyphonenumberonamarkersign,youwillspeakwithsomeoneatthepipelineoperator’scontrolcenter.

l Thecontrolcenteristheheartofpipelineoperations.

l 24hoursperday/7daysaweekfreeofcharge

l Thequickestwaytogetoperatorhelpl PipelineSpecificInformation

l Productl Pressurel Resourcesl AdditionalHazards

ThePipelineOperatorIsTheDirectLineToTheSolutionOfYourProblem

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PipelineBasics

NationalPipelineMappingSysteml NPMScontainsinformationfor

alltransmission pipelinesl HazardousLiquidsPipelinesl Breakouttanksl NaturalGasPipelinesl LNGPlants

l DoesNOTincludegatheringorlocaldistributionpipelines

l Dataisdisplayedbycountyl Agenciescanobtainthis

informationindigitalformatl PIMMAaccessprovides

operatorcontactinformation

https://www.npms.phmsa.dot.gov/

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PipelineBasics

HighConsequenceAreasl Pipelinesafetyregulationsusetheterm

“HighConsequenceAreas”(HCAs),toidentifyspecificlocationsandareaswhereareleasecouldhavethemostsignificantconsequences

l Onceidentified,operatorsarerequiredtoperformadditionalinspectionsandanalysistoensuretheintegrityofpipelines

l “IdentifiedSites”arelocationsnormallyoccupiedby20ormorepeopleonaregularbasisandmaycreatean“HCA”ifcloseenoughtothepipeline

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PipelineBasics

IdentifiedSiteEmergencyPlanningApplication(ISEPA)l Mappingapplicationforalltypesofpipelines

thatincludesadditionalinformation:l Producttransportedinthepipelinel Pipelinesizeininches(ifprovided)l Recommendedinitialevacuationdistancel Pipelinecompanyemergencyphonenumberl Companynameandnon-emergencycontactinformationl Linktodocumentwithadditionalinformation(ifprovided)

l EmergencyResponderscanregister“IdentifiedSites”onthemaptoinformpipelinecompaniesofpotentialHCA’sforplanningpurposes

l DoesNOTincludeallpipelinesl IsnotopentothepublicandrequiresaloginIDandpassword(thiswillbe

providedtoagenciesuponrequest)

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PipelineBasics

l Pipelinesl Evacuation

areasl Identified

sites

IdentifiedSiteEmergencyPlanningApplication(ISEPA)

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PipelineBasics

Clickonpipelineforadditionalinformation:

l Productl PipelineSizel Evacuation

Distancel Emergency

Telephone#l Company

Namel ContactPersonl Documents

http://isepa.pipelineawareness.org/

IdentifiedSiteEmergencyPlanningApplication(ISEPA)

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ProductsandFacilities

CommonProducts:l NaturalGasl PetroleumGas

l LPG,HVL,NGLl PetroleumLiquids

l Crudeoill Refinedproducts

l AnhydrousAmmonial CarbonDioxidel Ethanoll HydrogenGasl SourCrudeOill SourGas

Page 16: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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NaturalGas(DOTERG115)

l Naturalgasisthepredominantproductfoundingasdistributionpipelines,andistransportedviapipelinesinitsgaseousform

l Itistransportedthroughtransmissionpipelinestodistributioncenters(ordistributionpipelinesystems)

l Themainingredientinnaturalgasismethane(94%)l Atambienttemperaturesitremainsalighterthanairgas;however,itcan

becompressed(CNG)underhighpressuretomakeitconvenientforuseinotherapplicationsorliquefied(LNG)underextremelycoldtemperatures(-260° F)tofacilitatetransportation

l Naturalgasisodorless,colorless,tastelessandnontoxicinitsnaturalstate.l Whentransportedviatransmissionpipelines,naturalgastypically

doesnothaveodorantadded.l Anodorantisaddedwhenitisdeliveredtoadistributionsystem

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BasicNaturalGasOperations

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CustomerServiceMeterandShutoffValve

CompressionStation

GateStation

ProcessingPlantWellHead

NaturalGas(DOTERG115)

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NaturalGas(DOTERG115)

IndicationsofaLeak:

l Anodorlikerotteneggsoraburntmatch(odorizednaturalgasonly)

l Aloudroaringsoundlikeajetenginel Ahissingorwhistlingnoisel Firecomingoutoforontopofthegroundl Dirtblowingfromaholeinthegroundl Anareaoffrozengroundinthesummerl Anunusualareaofmeltedsnowinthe

winterl Anareaofdeadvegetationl Bubblinginpoolsofwater

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NaturalGas(DOTERG115)

HazardsofaRelease:

l Highlyflammableandeasilyignitedbyheatorsparks

l Willdisplaceoxygenandcancauseasphyxiation

l Firemayproduceirritatingand/ortoxicgasesl Vaporsmayformanexplosivemixturewithairl Vaporsmaycausedizzinessorasphyxiation

withoutwarning(non-odorizedgas)l Islighterthanairandcanmigrateinto

enclosedspaces

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NaturalGas(DOTERG115)

Odorization:l Inallnaturalgasdistribution

pipelines,andoftenintransmissionpipelineslocatedinheavilypopulatedareas,thenaturalgasmustbeodorized

l Mercaptanproductsareaddedforleakrecognition(smellslikerotteneggsoraburntmatch)

l Remember,anytimeanyonesmellsthedistinctmercaptanodor,theyshouldbeverycautious

Odorant

OdorantInjector

Page 22: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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PetroleumGas(DOTERG115)

l Petroleumgasisamixtureofgaseoushydrocarbons,primarilypropane,butane,orethane,whichareeasilyliquefiedunderpressureandcommonlyusedforresidentialandcommercialheatingorotherindustrialapplications

l Propaneandbutanearenormallystoredandtransportedunderpressureasaliquid(LPG)

l LPGtransportedintransmissionpipelinesmaybecalledHighlyVolatileLiquids(HVLs)orNaturalGasLiquids(NGLs)

l Vaporizedpropaneandbutanemaybeingasdistributionpipelinesystems

l LPGisatasteless,colorlessandodorlessgas.l LPGinpipelinestypicallydoesnothaveodorant

added.Odorantisaddedwhenproductsareoff-loadedtoadistributionsystemortransporttanks

Page 23: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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PetroleumGas(DOTERG115)

IndicationsofaLeakl Awhitevaporcloudthatmaylooklikesmokel Ahissingorwhistlingnoisel Anodorlikepetroleumliquidsorgasolinel Dirtblowingfromaholeinthegroundl Asheenonthesurfaceofwaterl Anareaoffrozengroundinthesummerl Anunusualareaofmeltedsnowinthewinterl Anareaofdeadvegetationl Bubblinginpoolsofwater

HazardsofaReleasel Highlyflammableandeasilyignitedbyheatorsparksl Willdisplaceoxygenandcancauseasphyxiationl Vaporsareheavierthanairandwillcollectinlow

areasl Contactwithskinmaycauseburns,injury,orfrostbitel Firemayproduceirritatingand/ortoxicgases

Page 24: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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PetroleumLiquids(DOTERG128)

l Petroleumliquidsisabroadtermcoveringmanyproducts,including:crudeoil,gasoline,dieselfuel,aviationgasoline,jetfuel,fueloil,kerosene,naturalgasliquids,naphtha,xyleneandotherrefinedproducts.

l Crudeoilisunrefinedpetroleumthatisextractedfrombeneaththeearth’ssurfacethroughwells.

l Refinementofcrudeoilproducestherefinedpetroleumproductsthatweuseeveryday,suchasmotoroilsandgasoline.

l Refinedpetroleumproductsarenormallytransportedintransmissionpipelinestorailortruckterminalsfordistributiontoconsumers.

l Mostoftheseproductshaveadistinctpetroleumodor.

Page 25: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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BasicPetroleumLiquidOperations

Page 26: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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BasicPetroleumLiquidOperations

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PetroleumLiquids(DOTERG128)

IndicationsofaLeakl Thepoolingofliquidonthegroundl Anodorlikepetroleumliquidsorgasolinel Asheenonthesurfaceofwaterl Anareaofdeadvegetation

HazardsofaReleasel Highlyflammableandeasilyignitedbyheatorsparksl Vaporsareheavierthanairandwillcollectinlow

areasl Contactwithskinmaycauseburns,injury,or

frostbitel Firemayproduceirritatingand/ortoxicgasesl Runoffmaycausepollutionl Vaporsmayformanexplosivemixturewithair

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AnhydrousAmmonia(DOTERG125)

Anhydrousammoniaistheliquefiedformofpureammoniagas.Itisacolorlessgasorliquidwithanextremelypungentodor.ItiscommonlyusedintheMidwestforagriculturalfertilizerorindustrialrefrigerant.

IndicationsofaLeakl Awhitevaporcloudthatmaylooklikesmokel Ahissingorwhistlingnoisel Dirtblowingfromaholeinthegroundl AnirritatingandpungentodorHazardsofaReleasel Vaporsareheavierthanairandwillcollectinlowareasl Contactwithskinmaycauseburns,injury,orfrostbitel Toxicandmaybefatalifinhaledl VaporsareextremelyirritatingandcorrosivetoskinandEyesl Undertherightconditionscanburn.Firemayproduceirritatingbyproductsl Runoffmaycausepollution

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AnhydrousAmmonia(DOTERG125)

.0037 ppm

DetectableOrder

25 ppm

TLV- TWAACGIH 8 HRS

28%280,000ppmO2 = 15.3%

UEL

15%150,000ppmO2 = 18%

LEL

300 ppm

IDLH

35 ppm

TLV- STELACGIH 15 MIN

9500ppm

LC50Rat 1 HR

140 ppm

Runny eyes& nose 700 ppm

Immediateeye injury

10,000 ppm1 %

ImmediateDeath

30,000ppm3 %

Skin IrritationsBurns, blisters

©2015MIKECALLAN.COM

Page 30: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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CarbonDioxide(DOTERG120)

Carbondioxideisaheavygasthatisnormallytransportedintransmissionpipelinesasacompressedfluid.Itisanaturallyoccurringcolorless,odorlessandtastelessgasusedinthepetroleumindustry.Undernormalconditionscarbondioxideisstable,inertandnontoxic.

IndicationsofaLeakl Ahissingorwhistlingnoisel Dirtblowingfromaholeinthegroundl Anareaoffrozengroundinthesummerl Anunusualareaofmeltedsnowinthewinterl Bubblinginpoolsofwater

HazardsofaReleasel Willdisplaceoxygenandcancauseasphyxiationl Vaporsareheavierthanairandwillcollectinlowareasl Contactwithskinmaycauseburns,injury,orfrostbitel Vaporsmaycausedizzinessorasphyxiationwithoutwarning

Page 31: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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Ethanol(DOTERG127)

Ethanol,alsocalledethylalcohol,isacolorlessliquidthatiswidelyusedasan additivetoautomotivegasoline.Itmaybetransportedinburiedtransmission pipelines.

IndicationsofaLeakl Thepoolingofliquidonthegroundl Anodorlikepetroleumliquidsorgasolinel Anareaofdeadvegetation

HazardsofaReleasel Highlyflammableandeasilyignitedbyheatorsparksl Vaporsareheavierthanairandwillcollectinlowareasl Contactwithskinmaycauseburns,injury,orfrostbitel Firemayproduceirritatingand/ortoxicgasesl Runoffmaycausepollutionl Vaporsmayformanexplosivemixturewithair

Page 32: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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HydrogenGas(DOTERG115)

l Hydrogengasiscommonlyproducedfromthesteamreformingofnaturalgas.

l Itisfrequentlyusednearitsproductionsite,withthetwomainusesbeingpetrochemicalprocessingandammoniaproduction.

l Itisaflammablegasthatiscolorless,odorlessandlighterthanair.

l Itisnontoxic,butcanactasasimpleasphyxiantinconfinedspaces.

l Hydrogenisnormallytransportedbetweenindustrialfacilitiesasagas.

Page 33: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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HydrogenGas(DOTERG115)

IndicationsofaLeak:l Ahissingorwhistlingnoisel Anunusualareaofmeltedsnowinthewinterl Anareaofdeadvegetationl Bubblinginpoolsofwater

HazardsofaRelease:l Highlyflammableandeasilyignitedbyheator

sparksl Willdisplaceoxygenandcancauseasphyxiationl Firemayproduceirritatingand/ortoxicgasesl Vaporsmayformanexplosivemixturewithairl Vaporsmaycausedizzinessorasphyxiation

withoutwarningl Islighterthanairandcanmigrateintoenclosed

spaces

Page 34: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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SourCrudeOil(DOTERG131)SourGas(DOTERG117)

l Productscontaininglittleornosulfurareoftenreferredtoas“sweet”,whereas, productscontaininghighconcentrationsofsulfurandhydrogensulfide(H2S)arecommonlyreferredtoas“sour”

l Hydrogensulfideisacolorless,flammable,corrosiveandextremelytoxicgaswithanoffensiverotteneggodor.

l Itiscreatednaturallybythebacterialbreakdownofsulfur-containingorganicmaterials.

l Innaturalgasandcrudeoil,itisacontaminantthatmustberemovedbeforeproductsaresenttocommercialmarkets.

l Hydrogensulfideisheavierthanair,itwillcollectinlowplaces.

Page 35: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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SourCrudeOil(DOTERG131)SourGas(DOTERG117)

l Hydrogensulfide’soffensiveodorisreadilydetectableatverylowconcentrations.

l However,smellcannotbereliedupontoforewarnofdangerousconcentrationsbecauseitrapidlydegradesthesenseofsmellduetoparalysisoftheolfactorynerve.

l Alongerexposuretolowerconcentrationshasasimilardesensitizingeffectonthesenseofsmell.Exposuretorelativelylowlevelsofhydrogensulfidecanbefatal.

Page 36: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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1 ppm.001 %

Detectable Odor

10 ppm

TLV-TWA

100 ppm.01 %

Kills ability tosmell in 3-15 minutesMay burn eyes & throat

200 ppm.02 %

Kills ability to smellrapidly, burns eyes& throat

500 ppm.05 %

Loses sense of reasoning& balance, dizziness &breathing stops in 2-3 minutes

700 ppm

Unconscious QuicklyDeath if not rescued promptly

1000 ppm.1 %

UnconsciousImmediately

followed by death within minutes

HydrogenSulfideH2S

15 ppm

TLV-STEL

IDLH

712 ppm

LC50(Rat – 1hr.) 4%

40,000ppmO2 = 20.1%

LEL

UEL

44%440,000ppmO2 = 12.1%

©2015MIKECALLAN.COM

Page 37: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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EmergencyPreparedness

l Pipelineemergenciesaresomeofthemostdangeroussituationsanemergencyrespondercanencounter.

l Advanceknowledgeofpipelinesinyourcommunityalongwithknowinghowtocontactandworktogetherwiththepipelineoperatorarekeyfactorstoaneffectiveandsaferesponse

Page 38: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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EmergencyPreparedness

Whatyoushouldknowbeforeanincident:

l NamesoftheCompaniesoperatingpipelinesinyourcommunity

l Emergencyandnonemergencycontactinformationforallpipelineoperators

l Approximatelocationofthepipelinesl Productstransportedinthepipelinesl Physicalindicationsofaleakl Possiblehazardsassociatedwithareleasel Potentialimpactonthecommunityl Stepsthatshouldbetakentoprotectthepublicl Responsecapabilitiesofthepipelineoperator

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EmergencyPreparedness

EmergencyResponseCapabilities

TheEmergencyResponseCapabilitiesDatabase&ReportingToolisafree,web-basedresourcedevelopedtoenhanceemergencypreparednessandresponseplanningincommunitieswithpipelineinfrastructure.l Responsecapabilitiesfor:

l RespondingAgenciesl PipelineOperators

l Personneltrainingl Respondingunitsl Cooperativeagreements

Page 40: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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IncidentResponseSteps

l Respondersmustunderstandthehazardsandrisksassociatedwiththeincident

l Seekadditionalinformationaboutthepipelineinquestionassoonaspossiblebycallingthe24-houremergencyphonenumberforthepipelineoperator

l Everyincidentisdifferent- eachwillhavespecialproblemsandconcerns

l RefertoinformationcontainedintheNorthAmericanEmergencyResponseGuidebook(NAERG)ormorecommonlytheDOTERG

l Continuetogatherinformationandmonitorthesituationuntilthethreatisremoved

Page 41: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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IncidentResponseSteps

l Usewhatyouknow- pipelinesreleasehazardousmaterials

l TheERGprovidesactionsforthefirstmomentsofanyHaz-Matemergency

l TheERGwhitepageguidance:l ApproachCautiouslyl SecureTheScenel IdentifytheProductandHazardsl AssesstheSituationl CallforHelpl RespondAppropriately

l DoNOTassumegassesorvaporsareharmlessduetolackofsmell!

Page 42: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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Step1- ApproachwithCautionfromUpwind,UphillorUpstream

ApproachwithCautionl Stayclearofvapors,fumes,smokeandspills

l Donotwalkordriveintoavaporcloudorpuddleofliquid.

l Donotparkovermanholesorstormdrains.

l Donotapproachthescenewithvehiclesormechanizedequipmentuntiltheisolationzoneshavebeenestablished.

l Vehicleenginesareapotentialignitionsource.

l Useappropriateair-monitoringequipmenttoestablishtheextentofvaportravel.

Page 43: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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Step2- SecuretheScene

EstablishIsolationZonesandSetUpBarricadesl Isolationzonesandbarricadesprevent

unauthorizedpeopleandunprotectedemergencyrespondersfromenteringthehazardareaandbecominginjured.

l Basedonthetypeofincident,useanyorallofthefollowingtocalculateandestablishisolationzones:l DOTEmergencyResponseGuidebookl Informationfromthepipelineoperator’s

representativel Heatintensitylevelsl Measurementsfromair-monitoringequipment

l Usevisiblelandmarks,barricadetapeorconesl Defineentryandexitroutes

Page 44: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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Step2- SecuretheScene

EmploytheIncidentCommandSysteml EmployingtheIncidentCommandSystem

(ICS)isoneofthemostimportantactionstotake.

l ICSprovidescommonterminology,organizationalstructure,duties,andoperationalproceduresamongoperatorpersonnelandvariousfederal,stateandlocalagenciesthatmaybeinvolvedinresponseoperations.

l IdentifyanIncidentCommander(IC)

Page 45: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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Step3– IdentifytheHazards

Identifyl Locatepipelinemarkersign:

l Productl Operatorl 24-houremergencyphonenumber

l Contactpipelineoperatorl RefertotheDOTEmergencyResponse

Guidebook

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Step4- AssesstheSituation

Assessl Isthereafire,spillorleak?l Isthereavaporcloud?l Whataretheweatherconditions?l Whatdirectionisthewindblowing?l Whatistheterrainlike?l Whoandwhatisatrisk:people,

propertyorenvironment?l Whatactionsshouldbetaken:

l Evacuationl Shelterin-placel Diking?

l Whathuman/equipmentresourcesarerequired?

Page 47: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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Step5– ObtainAssistance

ObtainAssistancel ContactYourOrganizationandinitiate

thelocalemergencyresponseplanl CallThePipelineOperatorandhave:

l CallBacknumbers,contactnamel DetailedLocationandaddressl TypeofEmergency(Fire,Leak,Gas)l Timeofreleasel Knowninjuriesl Exposuresl Anyspecialsituations

l InitiateEmergencyResponse

Contactingpipelineoperatorsassoonaspossibleiscriticaltocontrollingtheincident

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Step6- RespondtoProtectPeople,PropertyandtheEnvironment

Theprotectionofpeopleisalwaysthehighestpriority.Protectiveactionsarethosestepstakentopreservethehealthandsafetyofemergencyrespondersandthepublicduringapipelineincident.RescueandEvacuatePeople

l Donotwalkordriveintoavaporcloudorpuddleofliquid.

l Evacuateorshelter-in-placeasappropriatel Administerfirstaidandmedicaltreatment,

asneeded.l Entertheareaonlywhenwearingappropriate

protectivegear- suchasStructuralFireFighters’ProtectiveClothing

IfNaturalGasisescapinginabuilding,refertoAppendixDforadditionalprecautions.

Page 49: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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AppendixD- NaturalGasRecommendMinimumEvacuationDistances

Table1– EvacuationDistanceinFeet

Pressure(p

sig)PipelineSize(Inches)

AppendixD- NaturalGas(NotapplicableforButane,Propane,orotherHazardousLiquids)

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Step6- RespondtoProtectPeople,PropertyandtheEnvironment

EliminateIgnitionSourcesl Parkvehiclesinasafelocationl Parkallemergencyvehiclesatasafedistance

beyondtheisolationzone(upwind).l DoNOT lightamatch,startanengine,usea

telephoneorradio,DoNOT switchlightsonorofforuseanythingthatmaycreateaspark.

FireControll Letprimaryfireburn

l Coolsurroundingstructures

l Bewarehotspotre-ignitionl Eliminatepotentialignitionsourcesl DoNOT inhalefumes,smokeorvaporsl DoNOT Operatepipelineequipment

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51

Step6- RespondtoProtectPeople,PropertyandtheEnvironment

VaporControlLimitingtheamountofvaporreleasedfromapoolofflammableorcorrosiveliquidsrequirestheuseofproperprotectiveclothing,specializedequipment,appropriatechemicalagents,andskilledpersonnel.Itisbesttocontainthehazardsandwaitforthepipelineoperator’srepresentativetohandlethepipelineanditsproduct.l Donotinhalefumes,smokeorvapors.l Eliminateignitionsources!Flammable

gasesmayescapeandbeignitedbyasourceinthearea.

l Donotigniteavaporcloud!l Avoidforcedventilationofstructures

andexcavations.l Limitedfogmistingcanbeofsome

benefitifknockingdownavapor

Page 52: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

52

Step6- RespondtoProtectPeople,PropertyandtheEnvironment

Leak Controll liquidpipelineleaksandrupturescancreatemajor

problemswithspillconfinementandcontainment.l Askyourselfwherethespillwillbeinafewhours?l Whatcanbedonetoconfinethespillordivertitaway

fromexposures.l Establishbarrierstopreventleaksfromspreadingto

watersources,stormdrainsorothersensitiveareas.l Stormsewerormanholedaml Smallstreamcontainmentbooml Pipeskimmingunderflowdaml Wirefenceorstrawfilterdam

l Ifaleakisaccidentallyignited,firefightingshouldfocusexposures- InNOcircumstancesshouldeffortsbemadetoextinguishthefireuntilthesourceofsupplyhasbeencutofforcontrolled.

Nevertouchvalvesonapipeline!

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53

Step7- WorkTogetherwiththePipelineOperator

911CentersandPipelineControlCenters

l Receiveinitialnotificationsandcollectcriticalinformation

l Dispatchpersonnelandequipmenttothescene

l Disseminateinformationtootheragenciesororganizations

l Establishapointofcontactforongoingcommunications

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54

Step7- WorkTogetherwiththePipelineOperator

PipelineOperator’sRepresentative

l Servesastheprimarycontactforcommunicationbetweentheoperator’steamandemergencyresponders

l EstablishescontactwiththeIncidentCommanderbeforeanduponarrival

l Recommendsactionstotakeespeciallyastheyrelatetocontainmentandcontrolofthepipelineproduct

Page 55: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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Step7- WorkTogetherwiththePipelineOperator

PipelineOperator’sRepresentative

l Knowshowtoshutoffthesupplyofgasorliquid

l Onlytheoperator’srepresentativeistrainedtooperatepipelineequipment

l ThePipelineRepresentativeistheprimarycontactandistheultimatesubjectmatterexpertregardingtheproductbeingreleased

Page 56: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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Step7- WorkTogetherwiththePipelineOperator

EmergencyResponders

l MaintainsitecontrolandactasIncidentCommander(IC)

l Eliminateignitionsourcesandsuppressvapors

l Providesstandbyrescuepersonneltopipelineoperatorpersonnelenteringtheincidentareatostoptherelease

l Monitortheatmosphereintherepairandcontainmentareas

Page 57: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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Step7- WorkTogetherwiththePipelineOperator

TogetherIncidentCommanderandPipelineOperator’sRepresentative

l Identifypublichealthhazardsandadditionalprotectiveactionstobetaken

l ParticipateinUnifiedCommandl Determinewhentheoperator’spersonnel

cansafelyentertheareal Determinewhenthezoneofinfluence

needsadditionaldikingl Coordinatepublicinformationneedsl Decidewhenitissafeforthepublictore-

entertheareal Shareany“afteraction”reportsand

cooperateonimprovements

Page 58: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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DamagePrevention– ASharedResponsibility

PipelineIntegrity

l Thepipelineindustryusesawiderangeoftoolsandtechnologiestomaintainsafeoperationsbyvisuallyinspectingabovegroundpipesandrelatedequipmentforcorrosionanddamage

l Onaregularbasis,personnelwalk,driveandflyoverpipelineright-of-waysinspectingthemforunauthorizedactivities,leaks,andotherconditionsthatmightendangerthepipeline

l Pipelineoperatorsalsousein-lineinspectiontoolsknownas“smartpigs”toinspectbelowgradepipeandequipmentbyhydrostatictesting,electro-magnetictesting,andothertechniquestoidentifydefectswhichcouldthreatenpipelineintegrity

l Wheninspectioneffortsidentifyanyintegrity-threateningconditions,theoperatortakescorrectiveactiontomaintainsafeoperations

Page 59: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

59

DamagePrevention– ASharedResponsibility

PipelineIntegrity

l RightofWayInspectionsl 24/7Monitoringl CathodicProtectionl PipelineCoatingsl ILItools– SmartPigs

Page 60: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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DamagePrevention– ASharedResponsibility

PipelineIntegrity

l InternalInspectionDevices(SmartPigs)aremechanicaldevicesmovedthroughapipelinetoinspectthepipefordefectsandcorrosion

Geometry“Pig”

Smart“Pig”“Pig”LaunchingandReceivingStation

Page 61: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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DamagePrevention– ASharedResponsibility

ExcessFlowValves(EFV)andCurbValvesl ExcessFlowValvesautomaticallyrestrictthe

flowofgasinservicelinesthathavebeencutordamaged

l Excessflowvalvesmaynot beinstalledinallservicelines

l CurbValvesprotectagainstuncontrolledgasreleasesfromlargercommercialandindustrialusers,gasdistributioncompaniesarerequiredtoinstallcurbvalves,manuallyoperatedshutoffvalvesneartheservicemain,orEFVs

l Policiesregardingtheoperationofcurbvalvesbyemergencyresponsepersonnelshouldbecoordinatedwiththelocalgascompanysoallpartiesareclearaboutwhatmightbeexpected

Page 62: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

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DamagePrevention– ASharedResponsibility

EmergenciesAffectingPipelines

l Manytypesofemergencysituationscanaffectburiedpipelines(trainderailments,floods,earthquakes,forestfires,structurecollapses,etc.)

l Pipelinecompaniesshouldbenotifiedsotheycanmonitorandverifytheintegrityofnearbypipelines

l Respondersmaybeabletonotifypipelineoperatorsoftheemergencybycalling811andinformingtheOne-CallCenterofthesituation

l Coordinationwithpipelineoperatorsduringemergencieswillensurethesafetyoftheresponseteamandalsothesurroundingcommunity

Page 63: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

63

DamagePrevention– ASharedResponsibility

SecurityandDamageReporting

l Inournation’stimeofheightenedsecurity,Homelandsecurityandinfrastructureprotectionisasharedresponsibility.

l Reportanydamageorunusualactivityalongapipelineright-of-waytothepipelineoperator

l Theoperatorwillimmediatelyinvestigateandrepairanydamage

ifyou

SEEsomething

SEEsomething

REPORTSUSPICIOUSACTIVITYtolocalauthorities

Page 64: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

64

Summary

l Respondingtopipelineemergenciesisasdetailedasanyhazardousmaterialsevent

l Respondersmustunderstandthehazardandrisksoftheproducts

l Theymustbewellacquaintedwiththetransmission,distributionandservicesystems

l Theyalsohavetohaveastrongknowledgebasetooperatesafelyattheseincidents

Page 65: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

65

Appendices

A. Leak,HazardandEmergencyResponseInformation

B. GeneralProductCharacteristicsC. RecommendedMinimumEvacuation

DistancesForNaturalGasPipelineLeaksandRuptures

D. NaturalGasEscapingInsideaBuildingE. StorageFacilities

§ AdditionalResources§ EmergencyResponseCapabilities§ IncidentResponseChecklist

Page 66: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

66

Scenarios– www.pipelineawareness.org

a a a

aa aa

a a a

aa

a

a a a

NaturalGasHazardousLiquidsEmergencyPlanning

Page 67: Pipeline Emergency Response First...Pipeline Basics Pipeline Control Center When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign, you will speak with someone at the pipeline

67

ForAdditionalInformation:www.pipelineawareness.org


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