Pipeline Design Report

FIELD ENGINEERING LIMITED

PROSERVE989-

OGABIRI GAS GATHERING PROJECT

DETAILED PIPELINE DESIGN REPORT FOR 38” X NINE KILOMETER

PIPELINE CONNECTING IBUGBEN FLOW STATION TO OGABIRI-1

MANIFOLD.

PROS/OGBR/PPL/RPT/151003

RO2 01/12/2015 I.F.R. A.R.O. A.M. E.C.U.

RO1 12/11/2015 IDC A.R.O. A.M. E.C.U

DETAILED PIPELINE DESIG REPORT FOR 38” X NINE KILOMETER PIPELINE CONNECTING

IBUGBEN FLOW STATION TO OGABIRI-1 MANIFOLD.


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PROS/OGBR/PPL/RPT/151003. of 27

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

List of Illustrations----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4

List of Tables------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4

List of Abbreviations---------------------------------------------------------------------------4

1.0 INTRODUCTION-------------------------------------------------------------------------6

1.1 BACKGROUND----------------------------------------------------------------------------8

1.2 SCOPE OF WORK--------------------------------------------------------------------------9

1.3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT------------------------------------------------------------------10

1.4 DESINE INTERFACE----------------------------------------------------------------------10

2.0 GAS PIPE DESIGN CRITERIA--------------------------------------------------------10

2.1VELOCITY CONSIDERATION----------------------------------------------------------11

2.2 CORROSION CONSIDERATIONS-----------------------------------------------------11

2.3 APPLICABLE INDUSTRY GUIDELINES: SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND

STANDARDS-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

2.4 MATERIAL SELECTION FOR P1PES-----------------------------------------------12

2.4.1 PIPE MATERIAL----------------------------------------------------------------------12

2.4.2 FLEXIBILITY ANALYSIS-----------------------------------------------------------13

2.4.2.1 RIGIDITY OF PIPE SUPPORTS---------------------------------------------------13

2.4.2.2 DYNAMIC EFFECTS CONSIDERATIONS--------------------------------------13

2.4.3 THE CHOICE FOR 38”PIPE INSTEAD OF ANOTHER FOR IBUGBEN

F/S TO OGABIRI-1 M/F PIPELINE-------------------------------------------------13

2.5 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS--------------------------14

2.6 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TESTING AND MATERIAL-----------------------------14

Revision Date Status Issued by Checked by Approved by COMPANY

Approval




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2.7 FREQUENTLY USED ASTM GRADES--------------------------------------------------15

2.8 REFERENCE SIMULATION DESIGNS---------------------------------------------------16

3.0 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION------------------------------------------------------------------18

3.1 GAS EXPORT PIPELINE--------------------------------------------------------------------19

4.0 GENERAL DESIGN PARAMETERS-----------------------------------------------------19

4.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS-----------------------------------------------------------19

4.2 PIPE ROUTE CRITERIA----------------------------------------------------------------------19

4.3 OPERATIONAL AND DESIGN PARAMETERS-------------------------------------------20

5.0 TECHNICAL FIELD DATA REPORT FOR 38”X 9KM IBUGBEN F/S TO

OGABIRI-1M/F GAS PIPELINE-----------------------------------------------------------20

6.0 CONCLUSION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------25

REFERENCE----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25

DOCUMENT HIERARCHY-----------------------------------------------------------------------25




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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig.1.0 Map Outlay of Ogabiri Gas Gathering Project-------------------------------------------------------------8

Fig.2.4 Field Layout Simulation for the 38” x 9km Pipeline running from Ibugben Flow Station to

Ogabiri-1 Manifold in the comprehensive Ogabiri Gas Gathering Project Network, using Hysis. ---------16

Fig.2.5 Field Layout Simulation for 38” x 9km Pipeline running from Ibigben Flow Station to Ogabiri1

Manifold in the comprehensive Ogabiri Gas Gathering Project Network using Pipesim. -------------------17

Fig.2.6 Field Layout Simulation of the 38”x 9km Pipeline connecting Ibugben Flow Station and Ogabiri-

1 Manifold using Pipesim----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18

LIST OF TABLES

Table.2.0. Applicable Industry Guidelines and Standards--------------------------------------------------------11

Table.2.1. Applicable ASME Codes---------------------------------------------------------------------------------14

Table.2.2. Applicable ASTM Codes---------------------------------------------------------------------------------14

Table.2.3. Frequently used ASTM Codes---------------------------------------------------------------------------15

Table.4.0. Operational and Design Parameters---------------------------------------------------------------------20

Table.5.0.Pipelne Dimensions----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20

Table.5.1. Ibugben Gas and Water Stream Condition-------------------------------------------------------------21

Table.5.2. Ibugben Gas Out Stream----------------------------------------------------------------------------------22

Table.5.3. Ibugben Gas and Water Stream Compositions--------------------------------------------------------22

Table.5.4. Results of the Detailed Design and Engineering------------------------------------------------------23

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS

ASME– American Society of Mechanical Engineering.

ASTM– American Society of Testing and Material.

13 Cr - 13-Chrome




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16” - Twenty inches

oC - Degrees Celsius

C/S – Cladded Steel

CFC – Chlorofluorocarbon

CO - Carbon monoxide

CO2 - Carbon dioxide

DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

DSAW - Double Submerged Arc Welded

ELPS – Escravos Lagos Pipeline System.

ERW - Electric Resistance Welded

FBE - Fusion Bonded Epoxy.

FEED – Front End Engineering Drawing.

GHG – Greenhouse Gas.

GRE - Glass Reinforced Epoxy

HDPE - High Density Polyethylene

HCFC – Hydrochlorofluocarbon

ISO - International Standard Organization

M/F - Manifold

m/s - meter per second

NGC – Nigerian Gas Company.

NNPC – Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation.

NO2 - Nitrogen dioxide

N2O – Di-nitrogen oxide

NO- Nitrous oxide

NOx – Nitrogen-Oxygen compounds.

OPEC – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

PVC - Polyvinyl casing

ROW - Right of Way




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RTP - Reinforced Thermoplastic

SCF – Standard Cubic Feet.

SPDC - Shell Petroleum Development Company

UNFCCC – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

NGS– Nigerian Gas Station.

API– American Petroleum Institute.

WAGC– West African Gas Company.

1.0. INTRODUCTION

The world as a global village is confronted presently with the threat of extinction as a result of incessant

emission of dangerous gases such as carbon dioxide(CO2), NOx (N2O,NO,NO2), Hydrogen Sulfide(H2S),

Halocarbons(CFCs and HCFCs), methane, HO radicals, etc. These are responsible for the destruction of

the stratospheric ozone layer, that protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation, also known as

Green House Gases (GHG), and has subjected the global community to a disastrous ecological imbalance

known as Ozone Layer Depletion, which resulted to a catastrophic phenomenon called Global Warming,

a precursor of climate change and other pandemic effects, such as the damaging of the DNA of plants and

animals, skin cancers, cataracts, etc.

These gases are mainly anthropogenic in nature (i.e. caused by human factors) and are mostly due to gas

flaring. No wander, the United Nations in the Frame Work Convention on climate change (UNFCCC)

known as Kyoto Protocol, declared the above gases as Green House Gases, and they are mainly caused by

gas flaring. This resulted in the United Nations resolution to stop gas flaring.

A recent data released from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), that oil and gas

companies in Nigeria burn over $3.5 to $5 billion yearly from over 257 flow stations in the Niger Delta.

That specifically, the country flared about 17.15 per cent of the 95,471 metric tons of gas produced in

June 2015 alone. Also, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) stated in 2015

Statistical Report, that Nigeria produced 86,325.2 million standard cubic meters in 2014. Also, NNPC

disclosed that Nigeria lost up to $868.8 million, about =N=173.76 billion to gas flaring in 2014.Using the




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Nigeria Gas Company’s(NGC) price of $3 per 1000 SCF of gas at the current exchange rate realities,, the

flaring of 289.6 billion SCF of gas translated to a loss of $868.8 million, an equivalent of =N=173.76

billion. Specifically, the oil and gas company produced 2.524 trillion SCF of gas, utilized 2.235 trillion

SCF and flared 289.6 billion SCF.

Against these backdrops and the likes of it, Nigeria came up with a legislation to stop gas flaring. This

gave birth to the present gas monetization process in Nigeria, for which Ogabiri Gas Gathering project is

the nucleus.




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1.1 BACKGROUND

Fig.1.0 Map Outlay of Ogabiri Gas Gathering Project.

Ogabiri Gas Gathering Project is made up of five flow stations, thus: Ibugben, Ogabiri-1, Ogabiri-2,

Rumokun-1 and Rumokun-2, with the central gas gathering facility located at Ogabiri-1, gathering gases

from Ibugben, Rumokun-1 and 2 respectively, via gas pipelines, existing along the right of way. Then, en

Route Ogabiri-2, where the new Gas Treatment and Compression Facilities are to be installed. Here, the

gas will be treated according to the West African Gas Pipelines’ specification before exiting to the NGC

Excravos-Lagos Pipeline Systems (ELPS) via a 4.5km new right of way.




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1.2 SCOPE OF WORK.

The Field Engineering Limited’s Ogabiri Gas Gathering Project contract scope of this work covers a

“Detailed Pipeline Design for 38” x 9 km Pipeline Connecting Ibugben Flow Station to Ogabiri-1

Manifold. To achieve this, the Ibugben gas and water stream’s compositions and conditions were

simulated using HYSIS. While, the design simulation of the 38” x 9 km Pipeline connecting Ibugben

Flow Station to Ogabiri-1 Manifold, was done using PIPESIM simulation.

The design conditions, compositions, calculation results, codes, etc, of the high pressure gas line running

from Ibugben to Ogabiri-1 Manifold, will be included in the table below. Pipeline testing is also included

to ensure compliance to ISO, ASME and ASTM specifications.

1.3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.

The contractor (our company), Field Engineering Limited, do hereby express their profound gratitude to

Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC), Nigeria, and their partner Nestoil Nigeria Limited, for

the opportunity to execute on their behalf, the Detailed Pipeline Design Report for 38” x 9km pipeline

connecting Ibugben Flow Station to Ogabiri-1 Manifold Project.

A contract project of this magnitude could not have been satisfactorily executed without the active

support, co-operation and understanding, as well as abiding patience of the SPDC and Nestoil staff that

are intimately connected with the project. In this regard, we sincerely thank Dr. Chris Ucheobi, the Head

of the K2S Engineering Department, Mr. Lovel Omoanreghan and Mrs. Roseline Uzuegbu, of Nestoil

Nigeria Limited, respectively. Also, Adedotun, Taiwo, Oladipo, facilitators to the training consultants to

Nestoil.

Our company’s appreciation and thanks go to the chiefs, community leaders and youths of the respective

communities involved directly or indirectly for the conducive atmosphere enjoyed during the execution of

this project. Our special gratitude also goes to the youth leaders of the respective communities involved,

for their invaluable maturity, assistance and roles towards a hitch-free execution of this project contract.




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1.4 DESIGN INTERFACE.

The 38” x 9 km gas pipeline from Ibugben Flow Station to Ogabiri-1 Manifold will be entrenched (1.5m

x 1m depth x 9 km) via existing Right of Way (ROW), en route the bushy/swampy terrain of Ibugben to

Ogabiri community, connecting the Ogabiri Gas Gathering Facility, from where the gas will be

transported to NGS Excravos via ELPS pipeline route. The pipeline will interface at the other end with a

Pig Launcher/Receivers, as well as other tie-in integration requirements.

Pipeline Design Teams will interface with these other teams: Process Engineering, Mechanical

Engineering, Piping, Civil/Structural Engineering as well as Electrical Engineering & Instrumentations

Engineering, for the success of the project and will during the course of this project, exchange inputs with

the afore-mentioned disciplines. The Pipeline teams will also interface with the project management team

for effective and timely delivery of the entire project.

2.0 GAS PIPE DESIGN CRITERIA.

Natural gas transmission system design philosophy has survived revisions of guidelines that specify the

detailed criteria for all component design. While standards used in different countries defer, still there is a

conspicuous wide overlap of the basic guidelines between them. The major criteria considered below

comprise pressure and temperature ratings, gas constituent specifications, gas velocity, pipeline sizing,

stress analysis and location class.

The size of pipeline and associated equipment should be determined, by applying a suitable flow equation

to a simple pipe system and/or by using a sophisticated computer program for their model.




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2.1 Velocity Consideration

In choosing the line diameter, consideration was given to maximum and minimum velocities of the pipe.

It should not cause excess noise, erosion and water hammer. Also, the line was seized in such a way that

the minimum velocity of the fluid shall prevent surging and keeps the line swept clean of entrained solid

and liquids.

2.2 Corrosion Considerations

The piping lay out designed shall be in such a way to minimize corrosion in the piping systems due to

presence of water pockets and any other situation leading to internal or external corrosion. In general

minimum allowance of 1 mm is considered for carbon steel piping and 0 mm for stainless steel piping.

2.3 Applicable Industry Guidelines: Specifications, Codes and Standards.

The following industry guidelines and Standards shall apply.

Table 2.0 Applicable Industry Guidelines and Standards

S/No.

1 Manual of Steel Construction-Allowable Stress Design. (AISC) Nineth Edition,

January 1991.

2 Liquid Transportation systems for hydrocarbons and other liquids ASME B31.4

3 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems. ASME B31.8

4 Recommended practice for Cathodic Protection Design DNV RP B401

Materials

1 Specification for Line Pipe API Spec 5L,

2 Specification for Pipeline Valves API Spec 6D

3 Specification for High Test Wrought Butt Welding Fittings MSS- SP-75




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4

Standard Recommended Practice Sulfide Stress

Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for OIL

Field Equipment

NACE MR-01-75

Construction

1 Standard for Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities API Standard 1104

2 Recommended Practice for Transportation of

Line Pipe on Barges and Marine Vessels

API RP

5LW

2.4 Material Selection for Pipeline.

This pipeline connecting Ibugben Flow Station to Ogabiri-1 Manifold is the only line that discharges

production from Ibugben Flow Station to Ogabiri-1 Manifold. Therefore, no other alternative exists for

discharging production. Nonetheless, with respect to material selection, a detailed study carried out by

Field Engineering Limited came up with the following recommendation:

2.4.1. Pipe Material

The selection of material in general shall be as given below, thus:

(i) Carbon steel, for temperature less than or equal to 425ºC. This was used considering the

climatic condition of Nigeria.

(ii) Alloy steel for temperatures greater than 425 ºC.

(iii) Low temperature carbon steel, for temperatures less than -29 ºC to 45 ºC.

(iv) Stainless steel, for temperatures below -45 ºC.




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2.4.2. Flexibility Analysis.

2.4.2.1. Rigidity of Pipe Supports.

i. There should be a complete utilization of the rigidity of the pipe supports and complete

avoidance of spring supports, as well as rod hangers wherever design permits. This will check caving in

or bending of pipelines, which may compromise the reliability of the pipeline.

ii In cases, where Teflon sheets or similar low friction materials are used to reduce the design loads on

piping and/or the supporting structure, provision shall be made to allow angular adjustment of bearing

surface during installation, so there shall be an assurance of even distribution of the load.

2.4.2.2 Dynamic Effects Considerations.

There should not be any oversight in putting into consideration the effects of dynamic pressures, both

external and internal. The dynamic pressures shall be critically analyzed and the final best result of the

analysis shall be considered a suitable choice for use, so as to contain the opposing dynamic pressures in

the pipeline. Take for instance, pressures from surge, slug, safety valve thrust, water hammer, etc.

2.4.3 The Choice for 38” Pipe Instead of Another for Ibugben F/S to Ogabiri-1

M/F Pipeline.

The hydraulic simulation studies carried out during the design stage included sensitivity analysis using

various pipe diameters. The study was however not limited to determining the size of the Ibugben flow

station to Ogabiri-1 Manifold line as the only standing pipe line, but took into a careful thought, the effect

on the sizing of the entire SPDC Ogabiri Gas Gathering-NGC-ELPS pipeline, of which Ibugben Flow

Station to Ogabiri-1 manifold pipeline is an integral part of it.

The sensitivity analysis indicated a very high pressure of between 66-82 barg for about 10 years of the

line operation as well as velocities higher or lower than that acceptable for same period, if an 18”, 22”,

32”, 40”, etc, diameter was used respectively. The selected 16” diameter line size provides the acceptable




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pressure and velocity regimes needed for the desired service with special consideration to the Ogabiri Gas

Gathering – NGC – ELPS network.

Again, from the map out-lay of the Ogabiri Gas Gathering project, all pipelines are 38” pipes, excepting

from Ogabiri – 2 Manifold to NGC – ELPS line, passing through the CPF compression Gas Treatment;

which is 28”, due to gas compression, which entails more pressure.

2.5 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Codes.

Table 2.1 Applicable ASME Codes:

ASME CODES INTERPRETATION

B31.3 Process Piping.

B31.4 Liquid Transportation Systems of Hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum Gas, Anhydrous

Ammonia and Alcohols.

B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems.

2.6 American Society of Testing and Material (ASTM) Grades.

A carbon steel Pipe can be identified with Grade A or B, a stainless steel pipe with Grade TP 304 or

Grade TP 321, a carbon steel fitting with Grade WPB, etc.

Table 2.2 Applicable ASTM Grades:

A 106 This specification covers carbon steel pipes for high temperature service.

A 335 This specification covers seamless ferrous alloy-steel pipe for high-temperature service.

A 333 This specification covers well seamless and welded carbon and alloy steel pipe intended for

use at low temperature.

A 312 Standard specification for seamless, straight-seam welded and cold work welded authentic

stainless steel pipe intended for high temperature and general corrosive service.




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2.7. Frequently Used ASTM Grades.

Table 2.3 Frequently Used ASTM Grades:

Material Pipes Fittings Flanges Valves Bolts & Nuts

Carbon steel

A106GrA A234GrWPA A105 A216GrWCB A193GrB7

A106GrB A234GrWPB A105 A216GrWCB A194Gr2H

A106GrC A234GrWPC A105 A216GrWCB




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2.8. Reference Simulation Designs.

Fig.2.4.Field Layout Simulation for the 38” x 9km Pipeline running from Ibugben Flow Station to

Ogabiri-1 Manifold in the comprehensive Ogabiri Gas Gathering Project Network using Hysis.




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Fig . 2.5 Field Layout Simulation for the 38”x 9km Pipeline running from Ibugben Flow Station

to Ogabiri-1 Manifold in the comprehensive Ogabiri Gas Gathering Project Network using

Pipesim.




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2.6 Field Layout Simulation of the 38” x 9km Pipeline connecting Ibugben Flow Station and the

Ogabiri-1 Manifold using Pipsim.

3.0. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The proposed system will include tie-back of the following, thus:

The 38” X 9 km Gas Pipeline from Ibugben Flow Station to Ogabiri-1 Manifold, which dispatches its

production at Ogabiri-1 Manifold, alongside other pipelines. From here the gathered productions are

evacuated to Ogabiri-2 CPF Compression and Gas Treatment via 38” x 3km pipeline. Then, the

compressed and treated production is routed to ELPS, via a distance of 4.5km using same pipe-type.




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3.1 Gas Export Pipeline.

The Ogabiri Gas Pipeline Project will be as per current WAGC codes and standards.

4.0 General Design Parameters.

Here, in this section, is presented a general design parameters for the Gas Export Pipelines, upon which

the FEED engineering is performed.

4.1 Functional Requirements.

The general functional requirements of the pipeline systems applicable in this project are summarized,

thus:

i. To enable a safe transportation and distribution of processed gas from the Ibugben Flow

Station to Ogabiri-1 Manifold, en route the ELPS.

ii. To provide preventive or interventional remediation methods to check blockage of flows,

such as chemical injection, intelligent pigging, insulation, testing, swabbing, gauging,

compact filling, etc.

iii. To counteract environmental effects and operational loads.

iv. To check temperature and pressure loss, respectively.

v. To ensure compliance to pipeline design integrity, by compliance to standard pipeline design

specifications, the effective use of supports, etc, where necessary. Etc.

4.2. Pipe Route Criteria.

The pipeline routes are entirely based on the existing Ogabiri Gas Project ROW. This is selected based on

the criteria that all routings shall be done in such a way to check or minimize the geo-technological

hazards, such as areas with severe depressions, faults, volcanic eruptions, urbanization and civil

construction, as well as other identified and unidentified challenges as indicated on the route survey data.




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4.3 Operational and Design Parameters.

These are as applicable to the NGC – ELPS Gas Export Pipelines, as listed in Table 4.0, below.

TABLE 4.0: -Operational and Design Parameters.

Description Parameters SI Units Parameters

Imperial Units

Field life 25 years

Poisson’s ratio 0.3 0.3

Young Modulus 200 GPa 29,000 psi

Steel density 7850 kg/m3 490 lb/ft3

Steel thermal coefficient 1.17 x 10-5C-1 6.5 x 10-5F-1

Pipe validity 0.5 %

Design Factors

Design factor, f 0.80(Class 1 Division 1)

Weld joint factor, fe 1.0(for ASTM A 106 Seamless)

Temp. de-rating factor,

(temperature is less than 250 F)

1.0




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5.0. TECHNICAL FIELD DATA REPORT FOR 38” X 9KM IBUGBEN F/S

TO OGABIRI-1 M/F GAS PIELINE.

Table 5.0 Pipeline Dimensions.

Wall thickness[mm] 0.508

Design Temperature [0C] 29.4

Joint Factor

Maximum Allowable Pressure

Distance[mm]

Elevation[mm]

Rough

Ambient Temperature[C]

Outside Diameter(do )

0.8

60 bar for API 5L X60

9,000,000

0.0

0.0254

29.4

1050.8 {by using B31.8 code equation}

Dimension Standard API 5L

Material description API 5L GRX60

Table 5.1 Ibugben Gas and Water Stream Conditions.

Stream Name: Ibugben Gas and Water Conditions.

Vapour/Phase Fraction 0.9921

Temperature (c) 28.39

Pressure (KPa) 4000

Molar Flow (mmscf/d) 5.026

Std idea Liq Vol Flow (m3/h) 14.27

Molar Enthalpy (kJ/kgmole)

-8.195e+004




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Molar Entropy (KJ/kgmole-C) 154.3

Heat Flow (KJ/h) -2.051e+007

Liq Vol Flow @ Std Cond (m3/h) (empty)

Fluid package Basis – 2

Table 5.2 Ibugben Gas Out Stream Conditions.

Stream Name: Ibugben Gas Out. Conditions.

Vapour/Phase Fraction 0.9920

Temperature (c) 27.18

Pressure (KPa) 3993

Molar Flow (mmscf/d) 5.026

Std idea Liq Vol Flow (m3/h) 14.27

Molar Enthalpy (kJ/kgmole)

-8.195e+004

Molar Entropy (KJ/kgmole-C) 154.1

Heat Flow (KJ/h) -2.053e+007

Liq Vol Flow @ Std Cond (m3/h) (empty)

Fluid package Basis – 2

Table 5.3 Ibugben Gas and Water Compositions.

Stream Name: Ibugben Gas and Water. Compositions.

CO2 0.007333




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Oxygen 0.000000

Nitrogen 0.004261

Methane 0.869351

i-Pentane 0.002775

n-Pentane 0.001090

Ethane 0.072537

Propane 0.017441

n –Hexane 0.003072

n –Butane 0.004162

i-Butane

0.007234

C7+

0.001685

H2O 0.009061

TEGlycol

0.000000

Table 5.4 Results of the Detailed Design and Engineering

S/N

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION

DATA

UNIT

1 PROCESS IBUGBEN(Ibugben to Ogabiri-1

M/F)

1.1 Gas Inlet Temperature. 29.44 OC

1.2 Gas Inlet Pressure. 4000 KPa

1.3 Gas Inlet Molar Flow. 4.98 MMSCFD

1.4 Pipeline Temperature Change. 1.994 OC

1.5 Pipeline Pressure Drop. 4.785 KPa

1.6 Pipeline Heat-loss. 2.172e+004 KJ/h

1.7 Gas Outlet Temperature. 27.45 OC

1.8 Gas Outlet Pressure. 3995 KPa




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1.9 Gas Outlet Molar Flow. 4.980 MMSCFD

1.10 Design life 25 Yrs

1.11 Minimum Bend Radius:

1.11.

1

Cold Bending Radius 10508 MM

1.11.

2

Hot Bending Radius 4203.2 MM

1.11.

3

With Other Bending Machines and

Devices

2101.6 MM

1.12 Pipe outside diameter 1050.8 MM

1.13 Pipe inside diameter 1025.4 MM

1.14 Pipe wall thickness (Mainline seasonal

swamp/land) section

12.7 MM

1.15 Pipe wall thickness (mainline

river/road crossing) section

NONE MM

1.16 Pipe wall thickness (Major barrels) 12.7 MM

1.17

Pipe Grade API 5L X60 NA

1.18 Flow Velocity Range 15.24 – 4.27 m/s

2 TOPOGRAPHICAL

2.1 Pipeline length 9.00 km

2.2 River Crossings None None

2.3 Rivers Crossing Block Valves

(Upstream/Down stream of Rivers

Crossings)

None None

2.4 Creek crossing ≥ 20m None None

2.5 Creek crossing < 20m None None

2.6 Road crossing ≥ 15m None None

2.7 Road crossing < 15m None None

2.8 Burial depth (underwater cover @

creeks) - below mudline.

None m

2.9 Burial Depth (underwater cover @

river crossing) – below mud cut.

None m

2.10 Burial Depth (minimum cover) – Rural

Road Crossing by

1.5 m

2.11 Burial Depth (Minimum cover below

undisturbed ground surface) – Major

Road Crossing by Thrust Bore

1.0 m

3. CORROSION CONTROL

3.1 Corrosion Allowance 0.1 mm/yr




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3.2 External Concrete Coating

(Swamp/River Sections)

80 mm

3.3 External Anti-Corrosion Coating (3-

Layer Polyethylene)

3.2 mm

3.4 Internal Coating None -NA-

3.5 Cathodic Protection (By Impressed

Current)

Yes -NA-

3.6 Corrosion Monitoring (By Intelligent

Pig)

Yes -NA-

3.7 Electrical Insulation (By Insulating

Joints @ above/below ground

transitions)

Yes -NA-

3.8 Corrosion Inhibition Yes Yes

4 ANCILLIARY EQUIPMENT

4.1 Pig Launcher / Receiver Yes No

4.2 Mixer Yes No

4.3 Slug Catcher Yes No

4.4 Water Splitter Yes No

4.5 Booster Compressor Yes No

5 ENVIRONMENTAL

5.1 Maximum Wind Speed. 20.5 m/s

5.2 Average Daily Relative

Humidity(Maximum)

97 %


Humidity(Minimum)

83 %


Humidity(Mean)

72 %

5.5 Ambient temperature (Maximum) 29.4 0C

5.6 Ambient Temperature (Minimum) 18 0C

5.7 Mean Maximum Hourly Rainfall 100 MM

5.8 Mean Maximum Monthly

Rainfall(occurs in September)

355 MM

5.9 Average Annual Rainfall 2800 MM




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6.0 CONCLUSION.

This project was carefully executed with enough up-to-date science and technology, which guaranteed

strict compliance and attainment to internationally accepted standards of pipeline for transportation of

hydrocarbon natural gas, without compromising the ecological sanctity of the concerned area, being

guided with the Environmental Impact Assessment (E.I.A), conducted before the take off of this project

execution.

REFERENCE DOCUMENTS.

The choice of material and equipment, design, construction, maintenance as well as repair of equipment

and facilities covered by the industry guidelines shall comply with the latest edition of the references

listed below, unless specifically noted.

Document Hierarchy.

Should there be any conflicts with respect to any/some of the documents used in this project, reference

should be made to the following listed documents arranged in an order of descending priority, thus:

1. Nigerian Law.

2. The contract.

3. Ogabiri FEED approved documents.

4. WAGC Guidelines and Standards.

5. WAGC Design and Engineering Practices.

6. Industry Guidelines and Standards.

7. SPDC’s Kolo Creek – Rumuekpe T/L Replacement EIA Report.

8. The Guardian: www.ngrguardiannews.com>Features>Weekend.

9. Requirements Concerning Pipes and Pressure Vessels.

- International Association of Classification Societies.




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10. Welded Steel Pipe Design Manual 2007.

(Merits, Design Standards, Technical and References)

American Iron and Steel Institute.

Publication Number D631-0807-e

11. Gas Transmission System Design and Selection-

Session 3 Gas Transmission System Design Material Selection EP.

12. Guidelines for the Design of Buried Pipe.

American Life Alliance.

July 2001(with added agenda through February 2005)

13. ASME B31.8: Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems.

49 CFR 192.619 (a) (1) (i)

14. Restoration of Right of Way

8, August 2008.< http://www.ngaa.org/cms/33/1339/65/84.aspx>

15. Trenching for New Pipelines.

8, August, 2008. <http:www.ngaa.org/cms/33/1339/65/73.aspx>

16. Stringing, Welding and Coating Pipe Segments.

8,August, 2008. <http://www.ngaa.org/cms/33/1339/65/70.aspx>

17.Assuring the Integrity of Natural Gas Pipeline.

Posakony,G.J. et al.

Topical Report. GRI-91/0366, Chicago, 1993.

18. The Design and Location of Gas Transmission Pipeline Using Risk analysis Techniques, Risk and

Reliability and Limit State Conference, Aberdeen, May 1996.

Hopkins P., Hopkins, H.F., I Corder.

19. Pipelines On land: Design, Construction and Installation, Steel for Oil and Gas, British Standard

Institute, 1992.

Anon. Code of Practice for Pipelines, BS 8010 Part 2.8.

http://www.ngaa.org/cms/33/1339/65/84.aspx

http://www.ngaa.org/cms/33/1339/65/70.aspx

Pipeline Design Report

Engineering

Transcript of Pipeline Design Report